E-52018 DSM Evaluation Reports
43 passages
Executive Summary – Appendix Report Program Components Bibliographic References ADS ASSOCIÉS. Évaluations des effets énergétiques combinés des mesures d'économies d'énergie – résidence unifamiliale, report presented to Hydro-Québec, 1992....
AI summary This appendix report provides a list of bibliographic references used in the analysis of energy efficiency programs and residential construction in Nova Scotia. It includes studies, reports, and regulations from various organizations and government bodies.
Building Envelope Constituents The review of HOT2000 simulations confirmed that building envelope constituents were generally recorded and transcribed accurately by EAs; the discrepancies found had an impact of less than 2 percent on the e...
AI summary The review of HOT2000 simulations found that building envelope constituents were generally recorded accurately by EAs, with discrepancies having less than a 2% impact on energy consumption. Common mistakes included incorrect geometry assumptions, basement configurations, window orientation, and thermopane window assumptions, which could affect energy consumption by up to 5%.
Table 11: HEA Eligible Energy Efficiency Upgrades Eligible HEA Upgrade Measures HOT2000 Energy Consumption Modelling Used to Calculate Savings Implementation Rate (%) Yes No Building Envelope Measures Attic Insulation x Cathedral Ceiling I...
AI summary Table 11 outlines eligible Home Energy Assessment (HEA) upgrades and their implementation rates in Nova Scotia. It details various building envelope measures, space heating equipment, and domestic water heating equipment, with some measures having high implementation rates and others showing low or zero adoption.
9.2.6 Codes and Standards The ultimate indicator of market transformation is the adoption of more stringent codes and standards. The 2017 evaluation found that electrical resistance heating remains the minimal efficiency level as per build...
AI summary The 2017 evaluation highlights that electrical resistance heating remains the minimum efficiency standard for small residential buildings under building codes. No major updates to heat pump requirements have been made in recent federal energy efficiency regulations, and there are no plans to mandate heat pumps. The next regulatory update related to heat pumps is expected in Amendment 17, planned for pre-publication in the fall of 2019 and not effective before 2021.
Recommendations
AI summary The document outlines recommendations related to energy efficiency and building performance, including the use of Heating Energy Assessments (HEA) and HOT2000 software for evaluating and improving building energy efficiency.
Primary Heating System In the Tracking Sheet Validated On Site Primary Heating Source: Primary Heating System Type: Primary Heating System Capacity: % Total Heating from Primary Source (Participant Declaration): Is the Equipment Still in P...
AI summary The document presents a tracking sheet for heating systems, including primary, secondary, and new heating systems. It collects information on system types, capacities, usage percentages, equipment status, and certification details. The form is used for validation purposes and is part of an energy efficiency or building assessment process.
Construction and Inspections DAs provide value to builders both in terms of assisting with program participation and keeping builders abreast of code and technology changes. Four of the five reviewed jurisdictions reported that EAs conduct...
AI summary Delivery agents (DAs) and energy advisors (EAs) provide significant value to builders by assisting with program participation and staying updated on code and technology changes. Most jurisdictions require multiple site visits, which help build rapport and solve problems. Project timelines vary, with some jurisdictions imposing a 12-month completion requirement, while others offer more flexibility for builders.
Comparison Four jurisdictions offer training opportunities to builders, which were reported as key successes for those programs. One administrator emphasized how training partnerships with industry organizations are important for both buil...
AI summary The document highlights the importance of training partnerships with industry organizations such as HBRA and AIA in four jurisdictions, emphasizing their role in builder training and program outreach. These collaborations help promote programs and keep industry members informed about code updates and industry developments.
Building Enveloppe Ceiling and roof assembly configurations Wall assemblies Floor header information Exposed floor information Windows Significant window overhangs Doors Foundation Foundation configuration (s) Basement information Crawlspa...
AI summary The text contains a table and images related to building envelope components, mechanical systems, and energy efficiency measures. It includes data collection criteria for photographic requirements and a section for assessing the impact of errors on energy consumption.
Type Number of single doors Have the doors been placed in the correct wall section/location? Windows in doors (orientation, type)? Double doors or door assemblies (rough opening measurements)? Was the buffering effect added appropriately?...
AI summary The text presents a table with questions related to building construction and energy efficiency, focusing on door placement, window orientation, foundation modeling, and wall configurations. It includes criteria for assessing the significance of errors in these areas.
[MULTIPLE response] - 1. Lighting or electrical contractor - 2. HVAC contractor - 3. Building shell contractor (insulation, doors, windows, air sealing) - 4. Industrial processes - 5. Compressed air - 6. Plumber - 7. General contractor
AI summary The text lists various types of contractors and professionals involved in energy efficiency and building-related activities, including lighting, HVAC, building shell, industrial processes, compressed air, plumbing, and general contracting.
2. Building Heating/Cooling System Description Heating system 1 Heating system 2 Heat source % of heat Type of system Heating Systems: Please fill the table below for each heating system at the site
AI summary The section provides a template for describing building heating and cooling systems, requesting details such as heat source, percentage of heat, and type of system for each heating system at the site.
3. Facility Operation Hours and Lighting Usage Business Hours (Mon-Fri) Open Weekends? Business Hours Weekends Staff Early open Staff Late Close Cleaning Hours per Week Days/yr with no occupancy (i.e holidays or weekends) Working Days Annu...
AI summary The document contains a table for collecting information about facility operation hours and lighting usage, including business hours, weekend operations, cleaning schedules, and lighting operation schedules for weekdays, weekends, and holidays. It is part of a data collection process for energy efficiency assessments.
Tracking Sheet Validation On-site High Efficiency Fans – High Volume Low Speed, Ventilation, Circulation Type (HVLS or vent/circ)? Location Manufacturer: Model Number: Quantity: Explanation if quantity is different: If not, why and since w...
AI summary The document is a tracking sheet used to collect information on energy-efficient equipment and systems in agricultural facilities, including high-efficiency fans, ventilation systems, livestock waterers, and heat pads. It includes fields for equipment type, location, model numbers, and usage data.
Custom provides business, non-profit and institutional (BNI) organizations with technical assistance, financial incentives, and project financing to help reduce their electricity consumption and demand. The current suite of services offere...
AI summary Custom provides BNI organizations with technical assistance, financial incentives, and project financing to reduce electricity consumption and demand through retrofit, new construction, and building optimization services. Savings can be claimed in three categories based on project status and completion.
Building Optimization In 2018, six projects were completed through Building Optimization service. The 2018 evaluation included a review of three of those projects for which both a project file review and an on-site visit was conducted. Sim...
AI summary In 2018, six Building Optimization projects were completed, with three reviewed through on-site visits and project file reviews. Participant satisfaction was high, but energy savings were reduced by 39% and peak demand savings by 22% due to engineering errors. The net electrical energy savings were 1.184 GWh, avoiding 725 tonnes of CO2 eq in annual GHG emissions.
Initial Gross Savings Adjusted Gross Savings NTGR Net Savings Energy Savings ENS Tracked Savings 1.681 GWh 1.681 GWh 1.00 1.681 GWh Evaluation Results 1.681 GWh 1.548 GWh 0.94 1.455 GWh Peak Demand Savings ENS Tracked Savings 0.000 MW 0.00...
AI summary The evaluated gross energy savings were 8% below tracked values due to incorrect tracking of savings from capital projects. An adjustment to savings from a lighting project installed through BER Instant Rebates caused net savings to be 13% lower than tracked savings.
1.1 Description Custom provides large BNI participants with technical assistance, financial incentives and project financing to help reduce their electricity consumption and demand. Custom includes three different services, broken down as...
AI summary Custom offers three services—Retrofit, New Construction, and Building Optimization—to help large BNI participants reduce electricity consumption. Retrofit supports feasibility studies and improvements at facilities consuming over 350,000 kWh annually. New Construction provides incentives for energy-efficient new buildings or renovations. Building Optimization focuses on optimizing building systems for energy savings. In 2018, these services aimed to generate 25.8 GWh of energy savings and 4.5 MW of peak demand savings.
Building Optimization A total of six Building Optimization projects reported savings in 2018 and all of them were completed in the same year. As depicted in Figure 6 below, after undergoing a decreasing savings trend for the past three yea...
AI summary In 2018, six Building Optimization projects reported energy savings, with an increase in savings per project due to a multi-building project that grouped ten buildings. The program was temporarily halted in 2016 for restructuring and branding changes, which had a modest impact on participation.
8.1 Gross Savings Gross savings correspond to changes in energy consumption resulting from actions taken by Building Optimization participants regardless of why they participated.10 This section describes the review methodology used for al...
AI summary Gross savings are defined as changes in energy consumption from Building Optimization participant actions, regardless of participation reasons. The section outlines the review methodology and adjustments for Building Optimization projects.
8.1.1 Project Review Findings Three projects were included in the review sample from the six custom building optimization projects completed in 2018. Downward adjustments were made to the energy and demand savings of all three projects. Th...
AI summary Three building optimization projects reviewed in 2018 had their energy and demand savings adjusted downward due to incorrect engineering equations, not due to unimplemented measures. Adjustments led to a 39% reduction in savings for the three projects and a 30% reduction overall for Building Optimization.
3. Building Heating/Cooling System Description Heating Systems
AI summary This section of the document begins with a heading discussing the description of building heating and cooling systems, focusing initially on heating systems.
Fill the table below for each cooling system at the site, as applicable Description Cooling System 1 Cooling System 2 Cooling System 3 Cooling System 4 Energy Source Cooling System Type Nominal Capacity SEER or COP Percent of Load (Declara...
AI summary The document provides a table template for filling in details about cooling systems at a site, including energy sources, system types, capacities, efficiency metrics, load percentages, and changes in building set points. The table is to be completed for up to four cooling systems.
To be filled out prior to visit and validated on-site • • • To be filled out prior to visit and validated on- site Notes: Number of Systems Commissioned in Pr Building Equipped w rith Central Automatio on System: New Controls Added 1? Func...
AI summary The document contains a form to be filled out prior to a visit and validated on-site, related to building systems and automation. It includes sections for noting the number of systems, building equipment with central automation, new controls added, and details about equipment type and location.
Satisfaction Questions - S1. Using a scale from 1 to 10 where 1 is "not at all satisfied" and 10 is "completely satisfied" how would you rate your satisfaction with the Building Optimization program overall? - S2. [IF S1<8] What is the mos...
AI summary The document presents a set of satisfaction questions related to the Building Optimization program. Questions focus on participant satisfaction, challenges faced, and suggestions for improvement. Topics include program participation, marketing, and interactions with Energy Efficiency Nova Scotia (ENS) staff.
Free-ridership Questions - FR1. Before taking part in the Building Optimization program, had you ever conducted commissioning on your building? - FR2. Before taking part in the Building Optimization program, were you aware of what an exist...
AI summary The text presents three free-ridership questions related to the Building Optimization program, asking about prior commissioning experience, awareness of commissioning projects, and the proportion of energy efficiency measures that would have been implemented without the program.
[MULTIPLE RESPONSE] - 1. Small Offices [ <25,000 square feet: typically with small footprint, and/or 1-3 stories ] - 2. Large Offices [ ≥25,000 square feet: typically a large footprint and/or > 3 stories such as a city block or office park...
AI summary The text categorizes building types into 15 distinct classes based on size, use, and characteristics, providing examples for each category. These classifications are likely used for energy efficiency programs or regulatory purposes.
[ASK ALL] Q5. Are there other building types you or your firm have been interested in designing/constructing? If so, what are those building types? Would these projects go through the ENS NCC program? Why?
AI summary The question asks if there are other building types the respondent or their firm has been interested in designing or constructing, and whether these projects would go through the ENS NCC program, along with the reasoning.
Motivation's to Participate [ASK ALL] Q18. What do you think motivates building owners to invest in energy efficiency? [ If needed: Is it demand from potential tenants, long term energy savings, etc . EE is defined as designing buildings t...
AI summary The text presents a series of questions aimed at understanding the motivations and barriers that influence building owners' participation in energy efficiency initiatives, particularly the New Commercial Construction program. It explores factors such as tenant demand, long-term savings, and program incentives.
deep energy savings, while others were limited to replacing known broken equipment or repairing recently installed mechanical systems that had never worked as intended. While all projects generated savings and all participants benefited fr...
AI summary The text discusses the need for clearer objectives and eligibility criteria for Building Optimization projects to ensure that resources are allocated effectively. It highlights the importance of distinguishing between routine repairs and genuine energy-saving opportunities to maximize the value of ENS support.
Fill the table below for each cooling system at the site. Description Cooling System 1 Cooling System 2 Cooling System 3 Cooling System 4 Energy Source Cooling System Type Nominal Capacity SEER or COP Percent of Load (Declaration) If any,...
AI summary The document provides a table to be filled for each cooling system at a site, including details such as energy source, system type, capacity, and efficiency metrics. It also includes a section for a pre-visit assessment of the project, though it is currently empty.
Existing HVAC 1 Existing HVAC 2 Existing HVAC 3 New HVAC 1 New HVAC 2 New HVAC 3 AC & Air-Source Heat Pumps Location on site: Manufacturer: Model number: Number of units Space heating source (electricity, fuel, etc.): HSPF V Seasonal Energ...
AI summary The document contains a table for collecting detailed information about existing and new HVAC systems, including their specifications, efficiency metrics, and operational status. This information is likely used for energy audits or efficiency assessments.
Commercial Kitchen Ventilation Hoods VSD for kitchen exhaust fans Quantity Installed: Size of the fan controlled by the VSD [hp]: Is the equipment still used? If not, why and since when? Is the equipment controlled by T° and optical sensor...
AI summary The document contains tables and forms for collecting information on commercial kitchen ventilation hoods, laundry equipment, and water heating sources, including details on installation, usage, and technical specifications.
Table 3: Product Categories and Codes Impacted by Recent Changes to Energy Efficiency Regulations Enforced in Nova Scotia Product Category Existing MEPS Before Initiative Regulation Source Reference Standard Incandescent Lamps (75 W and 10...
AI summary This table lists product categories and their corresponding energy efficiency regulations in Nova Scotia, highlighting changes to minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) and referencing applicable standards and regulations.
3.3.3 Market Size Estimate To estimate market size, the Evaluator analyzed the data available from Statistics Canada regarding the monetary value represented by building permits for residential, commercial, and industrial buildings in the...
AI summary The Evaluator estimated market size by analyzing building permit data from Statistics Canada for residential, commercial, and industrial buildings in Nova Scotia up to November 2018. The data is used to understand the monetary value of construction activity in the province.
Large Buildings, Condos and Apartments Table 19 further below outlines the estimated floor areas of commercial and industrial facilities built in 2018 in Nova Scotia. The first line in Table 19 provides an estimate of the multiple housing...
AI summary The document discusses the estimated floor areas and construction values for residential, commercial, and industrial buildings in Nova Scotia in 2018, based on building permit data and assumptions about construction costs and energy use. It references a 2009 Natural Resources Canada study to estimate the breakdown of commercial sector floor area into small and large-scale projects.
sample of 90 recently built houses had an average EnerGuide rating of 77. Based on this analysis, the implementation of the new building regulations would result in an EnerGuide rating increase of 1. To determine the energy savings value o...
AI summary A sample of 90 recently built houses had an average EnerGuide rating of 77. The analysis suggests that new building regulations would increase this rating by 1 point. The energy savings value of an EnerGuide point was calculated using data from the 2015 ENS New Home Construction evaluation, which found that building simulations overestimated electricity consumption by 16 percent. The final savings value per EnerGuide point was adjusted to 1,278 kWh/year.
The building archetypes used by Caneta for large buildings, apartments and condominiums are described in Table 20. Building Archetype Sector Building Size Other Multi-unit Residential Mid-rise Apartment 2,000 m2 2-storey Small Commercial B...
AI summary Table 20 outlines the building archetypes used by Caneta for simulation studies, including categories such as multi-unit residential, small and large commercial, and industrial buildings, with details on size, sector, and other characteristics.
Table 22: Energy Savings Associated with the Introduction of the Building Code Regulation in the Houses and Small Buildings Sectors in the Nova Scotia Market Product Class Number of Single Houses Non-compliance Rate (%) Annual Energy Savin...
AI summary Table 22 outlines energy savings from the introduction of the Building Code Regulation in the Houses and Small Buildings sectors in Nova Scotia. It indicates that 58% of 1,869 single houses were non-compliant, resulting in an annual energy saving of 1,278 kWh per house and a total incremental energy saving of 1.385 GWh in 2018.
Table 23: Energy Savings Associated with the Introduction of the Building Code Regulation for Large Buildings, Apartments and Condominiums Building Type Total Floor Area (m2) Energy Savings (kWh/m2) Total Energy Savings at the Meter in 201...
AI summary Table 23 presents energy savings associated with the introduction of the Building Code Regulation for various building types in Nova Scotia, including multi-unit residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. The data highlights the total floor area, energy savings per square meter, and total energy savings at the meter in 2018.
Table 24: Total Peak Demand Savings Associated with the Introduction of the Building Code Regulation for the Houses and Small Buildings Sectors in the Nova Scotia Market Product Class Number of Single Houses Non-compliance Rate (%) Annual...
AI summary Table 24 presents total peak demand savings associated with the introduction of the Building Code Regulation for the Houses and Small Buildings sectors in Nova Scotia. It shows that 58% non-compliance rate among 1,869 single houses resulted in an annual peak demand saving of 362 W per house, totaling 0.392 MW in 2018.
Table 25: Total Peak Demand Savings Associated with the Introduction of the Building Code Regulation for Large Buildings, Condos and Apartments Building Type Demand-to-energy Ratio (MW/GWh) Total Peak Demand Savings at the Meter in 2018 (M...
AI summary Table 25 presents the total peak demand savings associated with the introduction of the Building Code Regulation for various building types in 2018. The table shows the demand-to-energy ratio and the corresponding peak demand savings for multi-unit residential, small commercial, large commercial, and industrial buildings.
This appendix summarizes all the recommendations made by the Evaluator as part of the 2018 evaluation. There were no incomplete 2017 recommendations at the time of writing. Sections Recommendations Executive Summary Consider removing house...
AI summary The appendix outlines recommendations from the Evaluator for the 2019 evaluation. It suggests removing houses and small buildings from the scope due to negligible impact from the 2015 NBC, while retaining large buildings and the 2015 NECB. Incandescent lamps are also recommended for removal, with a focus on more recent lighting regulations.
E-17E1 (SBA) RIR-1 to RIR-49
89 passages
Sample Design and Segmentation For the Residential sector, the primary data source consisted of an online survey conducted by CRA on behalf of Navigant (n=1,501). The online data were supplemented with on‐site surveys with a sample size of...
AI summary The Residential and BNI sectors' data collection involved online and on-site surveys. The Residential sector used an online survey with 1,501 respondents and on-site surveys with 31 residents. The BNI sector relied on on-site surveys with 30 participants, with results used qualitatively due to the small sample size.
BNI Sector – General Building Information Surveyors collected information regarding general building characteristics such as age, size, operating schedules, and more. The following sections present the results for key BNI building characte...
AI summary Surveyors gathered data on general building characteristics, including age, size, and operating schedules, with results presented for key BNI building characteristics in Figure 34.
Figure 34. BNI General Buildings Profile Characteristic Key Findings Source Facility Age 85% of BNI facilities were built post‐1970 (weighted by floor space). I The average year of construction was between 1970 and 1999 (weighted by floor...
AI summary This chunk presents data on the age and size distribution of BNI facilities, along with their business hours. The data is sourced from two different sources, with most facilities constructed between 1970 and 1999 and a wide range of facility sizes and operational hours.
This section provides details of the commercial building shell measures present at the on‐site surveyed commercial buildings envelope types. Figure 35 summarizes the key findings of building shell measures.
AI summary This section details the commercial building shell measures found in surveyed buildings and summarizes key findings in Figure 35, highlighting the envelope types and their characteristics.
Figure 35. BNI Building Shell Profile Measure/Characteristic Key Findings Source Wall Construction Types Considering all commercial exterior wall area, 20% has concrete block construction, 15% has 2x6 wood frame construction, 14% has 2x6 m...
AI summary This document presents a detailed profile of BNI building shells, including wall construction types, insulation, roof construction, floor types, and window characteristics. The data is sourced from various studies and highlights the distribution of different building features across commercial properties.
Indoor Lighting Figure 36 lists key findings for the BNI indoor lighting profile in Nova Scotia. Findings include high level results regarding fixture types, wattages, and control types.
AI summary Figure 36 outlines key findings from the BNI indoor lighting profile in Nova Scotia, including high-level results on fixture types, wattages, and control types.
Figure 36. BNI Indoor Lighting Profile Measure/Characteristic Key Findings Source Fixture Types Fluorescent lights, including both standard and high performance models, make up 94% of installed lamps and 89% of installed wattage. The secon...
AI summary Figure 36 outlines the BNI Indoor Lighting Profile, highlighting that fluorescent lights dominate installed lamps and wattage, with only a small percentage of lighting having advanced controls. The average wattage varies by facility type, with industrial facilities having the highest average wattage.
Outdoor Lighting Figure 37 lists key findings for the BNI outdoor lighting profile in Nova Scotia. Findings include high level results regarding fixture types, wattages, and control types.
AI summary Figure 37 outlines key findings related to BNI outdoor lighting in Nova Scotia, including insights on fixture types, wattages, and control types.
Figure 37. BNI Outdoor Lighting Profile Measure/Characteristic Key Findings Source Fixture Types One‐quarter of all outdoor fixtures are High Pressure Sodium Vapor. N CFLs and Metal Halides each constituted 17% of the rest of the outdoor l...
AI summary Figure 37 provides a profile of BNI outdoor lighting, detailing the distribution of fixture types, wattage, and control types. High Pressure Sodium Vapor fixtures make up a quarter of all outdoor lighting, while neon lamps dominate by wattage. Most sites use time clocks as lighting controls.
HVAC and Water Heating Figure 38 summarizes the key findings of the BNI HVAC survey.
AI summary Figure 38 summarizes the key findings of the BNI HVAC survey, providing insights into HVAC and water heating programs and their impact.
Figure 38. BNI HVAC Profile Measure / Characteristic Key Findings Source Single‐Zone HVAC System Age The on‐site surveyors identified 477 single‐zone HVAC systems. Two‐thirds (66%) of single‐zone HVAC systems are baseboard/radiant systems,...
AI summary The document details the HVAC and water heating systems found in facilities surveyed by BNI. It outlines the age, types, and fuel sources of these systems, noting a predominance of electric heating and the lack of insulation and recirculation pumps in water heating systems.
Figure 39 lists key findings for the BNI refrigeration profile in Nova Scotia.
AI summary Figure 39 presents key findings related to the BNI refrigeration profile in Nova Scotia, highlighting important data or insights regarding refrigeration efficiency or performance.
Figure 39. BNI Refrigeration Profile Measure/Characteristic Key Findings Source Compressors Compressors were in industrial facilities, restaurants, and 'other commercial' facilities. However, insufficient data exists to properly characteri...
AI summary Figure 39 presents the BNI Refrigeration Profile, highlighting data on compressors, lighting, and motor types in BNI walk-ins. Key findings include the prevalence of fluorescent lighting, wall switch controls, and shaded pole motors, along with gaps in data characterization.
Motors and Compressed Air Figure 40 provides a summary characterization of motor and compressed air measures for the BNI segments.
AI summary Figure 40 summarizes the characterization of motor and compressed air measures for the BNI segments, highlighting key aspects related to energy efficiency and building performance.
Figure 40. BNI Motors and Compressed Air Profile Measure/Characteristic Key Findings Source Process motor types The majority (62%) of motors are pump motors and material handling/conveying motors. N Motor controls and efficiency All identi...
AI summary Figure 40 outlines the profile of BNI Motors and Compressed Air, highlighting that most motors are standard efficiency and constant speed, and most air compressors are reciprocating two-stage units. Navigant recommends exploring electrically-powered alternatives and lowering air pressure setpoints to reduce costs.
5.2.1 BNI On‐Site Surveys Figure 43 summarizes the residential sample design for this study. The sample was based on building usage type and fuel type. A total of 30 businesses were included in the final analysis.
AI summary The section discusses the residential sample design for the BNI On-Site Surveys, which was based on building usage type and fuel type, with 30 businesses included in the final analysis.
6.1.2 Home Age Figure 47 reflects home vintages as reported by Statistics Canada. This indicates 58 percent of homes in Nova Scotia built since 1971.33 11% 8% 12% 11% 18% 8% 8% 6% 6% 6% 6% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20% Figure 47....
AI summary Figure 47 shows that 58% of Nova Scotia homes were built since 1971, with distribution data sourced from Statistics Canada's 2006 Census. The visualization highlights residential construction year breakdowns across the province.
6.2 Residential Building Shell This section provides details of the residential building shell measures present at the 31 surveyed homes. Figure 48 summarizes the key findings of building shell measures.
AI summary This section details residential building shell measures found in 31 surveyed homes, with Figure 48 summarizing the key findings related to these measures.
Figure 48. Residential Building Shell Profile Measure/Characteristic Key Findings Source Wall Construction Types For homes older than 20 years, 66% have 2x4 construction and 31% have 2x6 construction. For newer homes, 84% reported 2x6 cons...
AI summary The document provides a detailed analysis of residential building shell characteristics, focusing on wall construction, insulation, roof construction, and window types in Nova Scotia. It highlights variations in insulation R-values and construction types based on the age of homes.
7.1 BNI General Building Information Surveyors collected information regarding general building characteristics such as age, size, operating schedules, and more. The following sections present the results for key building characteristics....
AI summary Surveyors collected general building information including age, size, and operating schedules. The results for key building characteristics are presented in the following sections, with a summary shown in Figure 74.
Figure 74. BNI General Buildings Profile Characteristic Key Findings Source Facility Age 85% of BNI facilities were built post‐1970 (weighted by floor space). I The average year of construction was between 1970 and 1999 (weighted by floor...
AI summary This figure provides a profile of BNI general buildings, highlighting the age and size distribution of facilities, as well as their business hours. The data indicates that most facilities were built post-1970, with a wide range of sizes and varying weekly operating hours.
7.2 BNI Building Envelope This section provides details of the commercial building shell measures present at the on‐site surveyed commercial buildings envelope types. Figure 75 Figure 75 summarizes the key findings of building shell proper...
AI summary This section discusses the building envelope characteristics of commercial buildings, emphasizing how envelope properties interact with heating and cooling systems. Improving insulation and reducing infiltration can allow for the use of more efficient mechanical equipment.
Figure 75. BNI Building Shell Profile Measure / Characteristic Key Findings Source Wall Construction Types Considering all commercial exterior wall area, 20% has concrete block construction, 15% has 2x6 wood frame construction, 14% has 2x6...
AI summary The document provides a detailed breakdown of building shell characteristics for commercial properties in Nova Scotia, including wall construction types, insulation, roof types, floor types, and window features. Data is gathered from on-site surveys conducted by BNI.
7.2.1 Exterior Wall Construction Types Figure 76 below describes the findings on commercial exterior wall construction types, broken out by building type. Considering all commercial building wall areas, 20 percent are concrete block constr...
AI summary The text discusses the distribution of exterior wall construction types in commercial buildings, noting that 20% are concrete block, 15% each for 2x6 wood frame, 2x6 metal frame, and adiabatic or shared walls, with a small percentage being 2x4 construction. Variations in construction types are significant by building type.
Figure 76. BNI Exterior Wall Construction Types Exterior Wall Construction Type Su G pe ro rm ce ar ry ke / t, H ea H os lth pi Ca ta l re / M an In du uf ac str tu ia rin l/ g Co m O m th er er cia l Re sta ur an t Re ta il (n on ‐ fo od...
AI summary Figure 76 presents a breakdown of exterior wall construction types and their distribution across various categories, based on BNI on-site surveys. The data highlights the prevalence of different construction methods, such as 2x6 wood frame and concrete block, in specific sectors like commercial and residential.
Exterior Wall Insulation Type Su G pe ro rm ce ar ry ke / t, H ea H os lth pi Ca ta l re / M an In du uf ac str tu ia rin l/ g Co m O m th er er cia l Re sta ur an t Re ta il (n on ‐ fo od ) Co m To m ta er l cia l So ur ce Batt or Blanket...
AI summary Figure 77 presents data on BNI exterior wall insulation types, showing the distribution across various categories such as Batt or Blanket, Expanded Polystyrene, Loose Fill, and others. The data highlights the percentage of each insulation type used in different sectors including healthcare, manufacturing, and commercial.
7.2.3 Roof Construction Types, Surfaces, Finishes, and Colours Figure 78 summarizes the BNI roof construction types, surfaces, finishes, and colours among various BNI building types. Forty‐six percent of BNI roof area is framed, 28 percent...
AI summary The section discusses the distribution of roof construction types, surfaces, finishes, and colours among BNI buildings. It highlights percentages of framed, attic, and metal decking roofs, as well as the prevalence of metal, built-up, and asphalt roll/shingle surfaces, and the distribution of flat, reflective, and unidentifiable finishes.
Figure 78. BNI Roof Construction Types, Surfaces, Finishes, and Colours Roof Criteria Su G pe ro rm ce ar ry ke / t, H ea H os lth pi Ca ta l re / M an In du uf ac str tu ia rin l/ g Co m O m th er er cia l Re sta ur an t Re ta il (n on ‐...
AI summary This figure presents data on BNI roof construction types, surfaces, finishes, and colours across various categories, including percentages for each type under different sectors such as healthcare, manufacturing, commercial, and retail. The data is sourced from BNI on-site surveys.
7.2.4 Floor Figure 79 displays the BNI floor types broken down by BNI building type. More than half of BNI floor area is slab‐on‐grade. 34 percent of health care/hospital facilities' floor area has an unheated basement. Figure 79. BNI Floo...
AI summary Figure 79 illustrates the distribution of BNI floor types by building type, showing that over half of the BNI floor area is slab-on-grade, with 34 percent of health care/hospital facilities having unheated basements.
Floor Type Su G pe ro rm ce ar ry ke / t, H ea H os lth pi Ca ta l re / M an In du uf ac str tu ia rin l/ g Co m O m th er er cia l Re sta ur an t Re ta il (n on ‐ fo od ) Co m To m ta er l cia l So ur ce Adiabatic (shared wall) 0% 0% 0% 2...
AI summary The table presents floor type performance data across multiple categories, with percentages indicating distribution. The data comes from BNI on-site surveys and shows varying performance across different floor types, with 'Slab' and 'Unidentified' showing the highest percentages in several categories.
NAVIGANT Date Filed: May 13, 2019 Figure 81 displays the BNI floor types broken down by building type. Grocery/supermarket and health care/hospital facilities do not contain any treated window glazing. Most non-food retail centers do not h...
AI summary The document analyzes BNI's window characteristics across various building types, detailing glazing types, frame materials, and shade usage, based on on-site surveys. Most facilities have non-treated glazing, with exceptions in healthcare and restaurants. Data highlights variations in window features by building category.
7.3.1 Indoor Lighting Figure 88 lists key findings for the BNI indoor lighting profile. Findings include high level results regarding fixture types, wattages, and control types. Reduced indoor lighting power in interior conditioned spaces...
AI summary The text discusses the BNI indoor lighting profile, highlighting that fluorescent lights dominate in terms of both installed lamps and wattage. Only a small percentage of lighting has advanced controls, and higher wattage is observed in industrial and commercial facilities.
Figure 90. BNI Installed Lamps vs. Installed Wattage Lamp Type Installed Lamps Installed Wattage Source Fluorescent 81% 77% N HPT8 13% 12% N CFL 3% 1% N LED 2% 0% N Incandescent 1% 5% N U‐Tube Fluorescent 0% 0% N Quartz/Halogen 0% 0% N Met...
AI summary Figure 90 compares the installed lamps and installed wattage by type under the BNI initiative. The data shows a significant proportion of fluorescent lamps installed, with lower wattage compared to other lamp types, highlighting the distribution of lighting technologies used.
Fluorescent lamps also dominate the market in terms of fixture types, as shown in Figure 91. Almost 60 percent of indoor fixtures in ENSC's BNI market are standard fluorescent, while another 22 percent are high performance T8 fluorescent f...
AI summary The document highlights that fluorescent lamps, particularly standard and high performance T8 models, dominate the market in ENSC's BNI market. Despite this, there is still potential for more efficient fluorescent lighting like T5HO fixtures, as most respondents did not cite 'already installed' as a barrier to implementation.
Figure 91. BNI Distribution of Fixture Type Lamp Type Fixture Distribution Source Fluorescent 57% N HPT8 22% N CFL 11% N LED 4% N Incandescent 3% N U‐Tube Fluorescent 1% N Quartz/Halogen 1% N Metal Halide 0% N Neon 0% N Source: BNI on‐site...
AI summary Figure 91 illustrates the distribution of fixture types in the BNI program, showing that fluorescent lamps make up the largest share at 57%, followed by HPT8 at 22%, and other types such as CFL, LED, and incandescent making up the remaining percentages.
A breakdown of fixture distribution by building type is illustrated in Figure 92. Standard fluorescent fixtures are the most common fixture type in industrial facilities, non‐food retail facilities, and 'other commercial' buildings. HPT8s...
AI summary The text describes the distribution of lighting fixtures across different building types, noting that standard fluorescent fixtures are most common in industrial, non-food retail, and other commercial buildings, while HPT8s are prevalent in grocery stores and CFLs in healthcare and restaurant facilities. The data comes from BNI on-site surveys.
7.3.2 Outdoor Lighting Figure 93 lists key findings for the BNI outdoor lighting profile. Findings include high level results regarding fixture types, wattages, and control types.
AI summary This section discusses findings related to BNI outdoor lighting, including information on fixture types, wattages, and control types as presented in Figure 93.
Figure 93. BNI Outdoor Lighting Profile Measure Characteristic Key Findings Source Fixture Types One‐quarter of all outdoor fixtures are High Pressure Sodium Vapor. N CFLs and Metal Halides each constituted 17% of the rest of the outdoor l...
AI summary Figure 93 presents the BNI Outdoor Lighting Profile, detailing the distribution of fixture types, wattage, and control types for outdoor lighting. High Pressure Sodium Vapor fixtures make up 25%, while Neon lamps dominate by wattage at over 85%. Most sites use time clocks as lighting controls.
7.4 BNI HVAC and Water Heating Figure 96 summarizes the key findings of the BNI HVAC survey
AI summary Section 7.4 discusses the BNI HVAC and Water Heating survey, with Figure 96 summarizing key findings related to this initiative.
Figure 96. BNI HVAC and Water Heating Profile Measure Characteristic Key Findings Source Single‐Zone HVAC System Age The on‐site surveyors identified 477 single‐ zone HVAC systems. Two‐thirds (66%) of single‐zone HVAC systems are baseboard...
AI summary Figure 96 provides a profile of BNI HVAC and water heating systems, highlighting key findings such as the prevalence of baseboard/radiant systems, the primary use of electricity as a fuel type, and the distribution of boiler delivery systems and pump sizes. The data is sourced from on-site surveys and the CIBEUS 2000 report.
Date Filed: May 13, 2019 Water Heating Water Heating Equipment Types 88% of all water heaters were standard water heaters (i.e., tank water heaters). 8% of water heaters were instantaneous, or tankless, water heaters, while 5% were boilers...
AI summary The document provides data on water heating systems in Nova Scotia, including the types of water heaters, fuel sources, insulation practices, and the presence of recirculation pumps. The majority of water heaters are standard tank models fueled by electricity, with limited insulation and recirculation pump usage.
7.4.2 Multi‐Zone Systems Although Navigant included multi‐zone HVAC systems in the BNI survey, very few of the facilities sampled contained multi‐zone systems. This may be a factor of the relatively small sampled of 30 on‐site visits in a...
AI summary The BNI survey by Navigant found few multi-zone HVAC systems in Nova Scotia, with only one cooling system and two air handling units observed. The small sample size may have contributed to the limited data on multi-zone systems.
7.5.1 Heating Fuel Type The BNI survey indicated that nearly two‐thirds (65%) of all single‐zone HVAC systems used electricity as a fuel type, as shown in Figure 100. Fuel oil and liquid propane gas (LPG) represent 3 percent each (6% total...
AI summary The BNI survey found 65% of single-zone HVAC systems use electricity, with fuel oil and LPG each accounting for 3%. The 2012 CRA CIBBS survey noted low adoption of electric heat pumps despite their higher efficiency compared to electric resistance heating, which could significantly impact Nova Scotia's energy use.
7.6 BNI Cooling Systems Figure 106 summarizes the type of cooling units among all single‐zone HVAC systems. Eighty‐three percent of all single‐zone systems do not have a cooling component. Of the systems that did have a cooling component,...
AI summary This section provides a summary of cooling system types and efficiencies in single-zone HVAC systems. Most systems lack cooling components, and among those with cooling, most are direct expansion units. Efficiency metrics and size distributions are detailed.
Figure 108. BNI Direct Expansion Average Efficiency (EER) by Size Range System Size Rage Average Efficiency EER Source ton <= 0.5 11.00 N 0.5 < ton <=1 9.63 N 1 < ton <=3 9.00 N 3 < ton <=5 9.70 N 5 < ton <=10 9.50 N 10 < ton 10.00 N Sourc...
AI summary Figure 108 presents the average efficiency (EER) of BNI Direct Expansion systems by size range, with data showing varying levels of efficiency across different tonnage categories. The section on Chillers follows this figure, likely discussing efficiency and performance metrics.
7.7 BNI HVAC Controls Figure 109 displays the most common control types for HVAC systems in the facilities sampled. Thermostats represent 74 percent of HVAC control types, while programmable thermostats and manual on/off switches represent...
AI summary Figure 109 shows HVAC control types in BNI facilities. Thermostats (74%) are most common, followed by programmable thermostats (12%), manual on/off switches (7%), 'Always On' (3%), and energy management systems (EMS) (2%). Data from BNI on-site surveys.
7.7.2 Water Heating Figure 112 summarizes the types of water heaters in the facilities surveyed. Eighty‐eight percent of all water heaters were standard water heaters (i.e., tank water heaters). Eight percent of water heaters were instanta...
AI summary The document details water heater distribution in Nova Scotia, noting 88% are standard tank heaters, 90% use electricity, and 70% have medium temperature settings (43–60°C). Insulation is lacking (85% of pipes, 83% of tanks), and 85% lack recirculation pumps. Health Canada recommends 50°C to prevent legionellosis.
Market Characterization – Refrigeration Figure 117 lists key findings for the BNI refrigeration profile.
AI summary The document discusses the refrigeration market characterization under the BNI profile, with Figure 117 highlighting key findings related to this market segment.
Figure 117. BNI Refrigeration Profile Market Characteristic Key Findings Source Compressors Compressors were in industrial facilities, restaurants, and 'other commercial' facilities. However, insufficient data exists to properly characteri...
AI summary The BNI Refrigeration Profile outlines key findings from on-site surveys regarding compressors, lighting, and motor types in BNI walk-ins. It highlights the prevalence of fluorescent lighting, wall switch controls, and shaded pole motors, while noting gaps in data collection for other aspects.
Figure 118 provides a list of refrigeration equipment in BNI sites. Of the equipment types in BNI facilities, 55 percent are glass door beverage cases, as illustrated in Figure 119.
AI summary Figure 118 lists refrigeration equipment at BNI sites, with 55% being glass door beverage cases, as shown in Figure 119.
Figure 118. BNI Refrigeration Types Equipment Code Equipment Description Size of Default Source GD Glass door beverage cases (e.g. vendor supplied) from 2 to 4 doors 3 doors N CD Closed door storage cases, one to three doors 2 doors N UG U...
AI summary Figure 118 lists various types of refrigeration equipment under the BNI initiative, including glass door beverage cases, closed door storage cases, upright glass door freezer cases, coffin type freezer cases, other self-contained refrigeration units, and ice vending machines, along with their default sizes and sources.
7.9.1 Market Characterization – Motors and Compressed Air Figure 121 provides a summary characterization of motor and compressed air measures for the BNI segments.
AI summary This section discusses the market characterization of motors and compressed air measures for the BNI segments, as summarized in Figure 121.
Figure 121. BNI Motors and Compressed Air Profile Measure/Characteristic Key Findings Source Process motor types The majority (62%) of motors are pump motors and material handling/conveying motors. N Motor controls and efficiency All ident...
AI summary Figure 121 outlines the profile of BNI Motors and Compressed Air, highlighting that most motors are standard efficiency and constant speed, with a majority being pump and material handling motors. Most air compressors are reciprocating two-stage units, and the majority lack air dryers.
The majority (62%) of motors in the BNI sample are pump motors and material handling/conveying motors, as shown in Figure 122. Process motors were present in the industrial/manufacturing, retail non‐ food and 'other commercial' segments of...
AI summary The BNI sample shows that 62% of motors are pump or material handling/conveying motors, with all being standard efficiency constant speed motors. There is potential to improve motor efficiency through equipment upgrades and variable controls.
Figure 124. BNI Total Motor Horsepower by Type Motor Type Number of Motor Units Total Horsepower (hp) Source Fan/blowing 9 40 N Grinding/milling 3 10.8 N Material handling/conveying 12 34.5 N Pump 16 84.5 N Tool (machine) 1 5.1 N Total 6 1...
AI summary Figure 124 presents a breakdown of BNI Total Motor Horsepower by Type, including Fan/Blowing, Grinding/Milling, Material Handling/Conveying, Pump, and Tool (Machine) motors, with corresponding numbers of motor units and total horsepower.
Figure 125. BNI Distribution of Air Compressor Type Air Compressor Type Number of Units Percent of Total Source Reciprocating (Single‐stage, Single‐ acting) (RSS) 1 9% N Reciprocating (Single‐stage, Double‐ acting) (RST) 0 0% N Reciprocati...
AI summary Figure 125 presents the distribution of air compressor types in the Building Efficiency Network Initiative (BNI). The data shows that the majority (82%) of units are reciprocating two-stage, single-acting compressors, with only one unit each of reciprocating single-stage, single-acting and two-stage, double-acting compressors.
The air compressors in the 'other commercial' segment are using a total of 30.5hp about 8 hours per week, as shown in Figure 126. Figure 127 shows that air compressors in the industrial/manufacturing segment of the BNI sample are using a t...
AI summary The text discusses the usage patterns of air compressors in different segments, highlighting that air compressors in the 'other commercial' segment use 30.5hp for about 8 hours per week, while those in the industrial/manufacturing segment use 50hp for about 40 hours per week. It also notes that 90% of air compressors lack air dryers, which are typically used in industrial settings.
Figure 128. BNI Air Dryer Verification by Air Compressor Type Air Compressor Type Number of Units Air Dryer Present Reciprocating (Single‐stage, Single‐acting) (RSS) 1 No Reciprocating (Two‐stage, Double‐acting) (RTD) 1 No 8 No Reciprocati...
AI summary Figure 128 presents data from BNI on-site surveys showing the presence of air dryers in different types of air compressors. Only one unit among eight surveyed had an air dryer installed.
8.1 BNI General Building Information Surveyors collected information regarding general building characteristics such as age, size, operating schedules, and more. The following sections present the results for key building characteristics....
AI summary Surveyors collected general building characteristics such as age, size, and operating schedules. The results for key building characteristics are presented, with a summary shown in Figure 74.
8.2 BNI Building Envelope This section provides details of the commercial building shell measures present at the on‐site surveyed commercial buildings envelope types. Figure 75 Figure 75 summarizes the key findings of building shell proper...
AI summary This section discusses the building envelope characteristics of commercial buildings, highlighting how envelope properties interact with heating and cooling systems. Improving insulation and reducing infiltration can allow for the use of high-efficiency mechanical equipment with reduced capacity.
8.2.1 Exterior Wall Construction Types Figure 76 below describes the findings on commercial exterior wall construction types, broken out by building type. Considering all commercial building wall areas, 20 percent are concrete block constr...
AI summary This section discusses the distribution of commercial exterior wall construction types, noting that 20% are concrete block, 15% each for 2x6 wood frame, 2x6 metal frame, and adiabatic or shared walls, with a small percentage being 2x4 construction. The variation in construction types is significant across different building types.
8.2.2 Exterior Wall Insulation Types Figure 77 shows commercial exterior wall insulation types, broken out by building type. Forty‐three percent of all BNI building exterior wall area has batt or blanket insulation. Twenty‐seven percent do...
AI summary Commercial exterior wall insulation in Nova Scotia shows 43% batt/blanket insulation, 27% no insulation, with moderate similarity across building types. Data highlights varying insulation adoption rates and potential energy efficiency gaps in commercial structures.
8.2.3 Roof Construction Types, Surfaces, Finishes, and Colours Figure 78 summarizes the BNI roof construction types, surfaces, finishes, and colours among various BNI building types. Forty‐six percent of BNI roof area is framed, 28 percent...
AI summary This section discusses the distribution of roof construction types, surfaces, finishes, and colours across BNI building types. It highlights that 31% of BNI roof area is metal decking, 33% has a metal surface, and 51% of finishes are flat. Grocery/supermarket facilities tend to have dark asphalt roll/shingle roofs, while industrial buildings often have reflective finishes.
8.2.4 Floor Figure 79 displays the BNI floor types broken down by BNI building type. More than half of BNI floor area is slab‐on‐grade. 34 percent of health care/hospital facilities' floor area has an unheated basement. Figure 79. BNI Floo...
AI summary Figure 79 shows that more than half of BNI floor area is slab-on-grade, and 34 percent of health care/hospital facilities' floor area has an unheated basement.
8.3 BNI Lighting Figure 87 summarizes the location of the BNI lighting surveyed for ENSC (weighted by wattage). Sixty‐ one percent of all lighting types were indoor while 39 percent were outdoor. 61% 39% Indoor Outdoor Figure 87. BNI Light...
AI summary Figure 87 shows that 61% of BNI lighting surveyed by ENSC is located indoors, while 39% is outdoors. The data is weighted by wattage and sourced from BNI on-site surveys.
8.3.1 Indoor Lighting Figure 88 lists key findings for the BNI indoor lighting profile. Findings include high level results regarding fixture types, wattages, and control types. Reduced indoor lighting power in interior conditioned spaces...
AI summary This section discusses the indoor lighting profile under the BNI program, highlighting that fluorescent lights dominate in terms of both installed lamps and wattage. Only a small percentage of lighting has advanced controls, and higher wattage is observed in industrial and commercial facilities.
Fluorescent lamps also dominate the market in terms of fixture types, as shown in Figure 91. Almost 60 percent of indoor fixtures in ENSC's BNI market are standard fluorescent, while another 22 percent are high performance T8 fluorescent f...
AI summary Fluorescent lamps, particularly standard and high-performance T8 models, dominate the market in ENSC's BNI market. Despite this, the 2012 CRA CIBBS survey suggests significant potential for more efficient fluorescent lighting, such as T5HO fixtures, in Nova Scotia. Barriers to installation include factors other than existing installations.
8.3.2 Outdoor Lighting Figure 93 lists key findings for the BNI outdoor lighting profile. Findings include high level results regarding fixture types, wattages, and control types.
AI summary This section discusses key findings from the BNI outdoor lighting profile, including high-level results related to fixture types, wattages, and control types as presented in Figure 93.
8.4 BNI HVAC and Water Heating Figure 96 summarizes the key findings of the BNI HVAC survey
AI summary Section 8.4 discusses the BNI HVAC and Water Heating survey, with Figure 96 summarizing its key findings. The section focuses on building efficiency and energy use related to heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and water heating.
8.4.2 Multi‐Zone Systems Although Navigant included multi‐zone HVAC systems in the BNI survey, very few of the facilities sampled contained multi‐zone systems. This may be a factor of the relatively small sampled of 30 on‐site visits in a...
AI summary The BNI survey by Navigant found limited multi-zone HVAC systems in Nova Scotia, with only one cooling system, two air handling units, and one electric heating unit observed. The heating unit was categorized as 'Other' by the survey team, highlighting data scarcity in this area.
8.5 BNI Heating Systems
AI summary Section 8.5 of the regulatory proceeding discusses BNI Heating Systems, a company involved in building envelope and heating technologies. The context includes various acronyms related to energy efficiency, regulation, and industry standards, though no detailed arguments or citations are provided in the text.
8.5.2 Heating System Type The BNI survey indicated that more than half (53%) of all facilities sampled had baseboard heaters, as shown in Figure 101. Boilers and electric resistance heaters comprised 19 percent and 10 percent, respectively...
AI summary The BNI survey found that 53% of facilities use baseboard heaters, with lower adoption of heat pumps. Navigant's data shows 65% electrical heating, suggesting potential for energy savings through heat pump adoption. Nine percent of facilities lack single-zone heating systems.
8.6 BNI Cooling Systems Figure 106 summarizes the type of cooling units among all single‐zone HVAC systems. Eighty‐three percent of all single‐zone systems do not have a cooling component. Of the systems that did have a cooling component,...
AI summary The text provides data on the types, sizes, and efficiencies of cooling systems in single-zone HVAC systems surveyed by BNI. Most systems lack cooling components, and among those with cooling, direct expansion is predominant. Efficiency metrics like EER and SEER are noted, with an average EER of 9.8 and SEER of 13.
8.7 BNI HVAC Controls Figure 109 displays the most common control types for HVAC systems in the facilities sampled. Thermostats represent 74 percent of HVAC control types, while programmable thermostats and manual on/off switches represent...
AI summary Figure 109 shows that thermostats (74%) are the most common HVAC control type in sampled facilities, followed by programmable thermostats (12%) and manual on/off switches (7%). Energy management systems (EMS) and 'Always On' controls account for 2% and 3%, respectively. Data sourced from BNI on-site surveys.
8.7.2 Water Heating Figure 112 summarizes the types of water heaters in the facilities surveyed. Eighty‐eight percent of all water heaters were standard water heaters (i.e., tank water heaters). Eight percent of water heaters were instanta...
AI summary The analysis of water heaters in Nova Scotia shows 88% are standard tank heaters, 8% tankless, and 5% boilers. Most (90%) use electricity, with 5% LPG and 5% split between fuel oil and natural gas. 70% are set to medium temperatures (43-60°C), 23% high, and 5% low. Only 13% of pipes and tanks are insulated, and 85% lack recirculation pumps. Health Canada recommends 50°C to prevent legionellosis.
Market Characterization – Refrigeration Figure 117 lists key findings for the BNI refrigeration profile.
AI summary The document introduces a section on market characterization for refrigeration under the BNI program, with Figure 117 outlining key findings related to the refrigeration profile.
Figure 118 provides a list of refrigeration equipment in BNI sites. Of the equipment types in BNI facilities, 55 percent are glass door beverage cases, as illustrated in Figure 119.
AI summary Figure 118 lists refrigeration equipment in BNI sites, with 55 percent being glass door beverage cases, as shown in Figure 119.
8.9 BNI Motors and Compressed Air
AI summary Section 8.9 discusses BNI Motors and Compressed Air, focusing on energy efficiency and regulatory considerations. Key entities include Efficiency Nova Scotia Corporation (ENSC) and Nova Scotia Power (NSP), with topics related to demand-side management (DSM) and technical standards.
8.9.1 Market Characterization – Motors and Compressed Air Figure 121 provides a summary characterization of motor and compressed air measures for the BNI segments.
AI summary Figure 121 summarizes the characterization of motor and compressed air measures for the BNI segments, providing an overview of market conditions related to these energy efficiency initiatives.
8.9.2 Motors The majority (62%) of motors in the BNI sample are pump motors and material handling/conveying motors, as shown in Figure 122. Process motors were present in the industrial/manufacturing, retail non‐ food and 'other commercial...
AI summary The majority of motors in the BNI sample are pump and material handling motors. All surveyed motors are constant speed, standard efficiency, and TEFC type. There is potential for improving motor efficiency through equipment upgrades and variable controls.
8.9.3 Compressed Air The majority (82%) of the air compressors surveyed are reciprocating two‐stage, single acting (RTS) units, as shown in Figure 125. Only one unit out of all air compressors is a smaller capacity single‐stage model while...
AI summary The majority of air compressors in the BNI sample are two-stage reciprocating units, which are more efficient and longer lasting. Navigant recommends exploring electric alternatives and lowering air pressure setpoints to reduce costs.
The air compressors in the 'other commercial' segment are using a total of 30.5hp about 8 hours per week, as shown in Figure 126. Figure 127 shows that air compressors in the industrial/manufacturing segment of the BNI sample are using a t...
AI summary The document provides data on air compressor usage in the 'other commercial' and industrial/manufacturing segments of the BNI sample, including horsepower and weekly usage hours. It also highlights that 90% of air compressors lack air dryers, which are more energy-intensive but necessary for industrial applications.
19. Fill out the following information about the heating system of the home using the following codes: (Note: Record the make and model number on the supplemental data sheet.) (a) Type of System (b) Fuel Type (d) Air Handler Location (1) C...
AI summary The document outlines a form for recording details about a home's heating and cooling systems, including system type, fuel type, location, and other relevant specifications. It also includes questions about the accessibility and maintenance of cooling systems.
58. Fill out the following information about the insulation of the home using the following codes: (a) Roof Material (M) Metal or Membrane (b) Roof Color (c) Attic Type (T) Tile/Slate/Concrete (W) Wood Shake (D) Dark (N) None (Cathedral (A...
AI summary The document provides a table for recording information about home insulation, including roof material, roof color, attic type, insulation depth, and radiant barrier status. It includes multiple rows for data entry and is referenced under the 'NAVIGANT' section.
Table of Contents Page # Form Number and Description Electric Service Meter and Account Numbers Site Activity Information... General Information for Surveyed Business..... Service Hot Water Use (General and Building-Type Specific) □ N/A......
AI summary The document is a table of contents from a Nova Scotia regulatory proceeding, outlining sections of a commercial baseline survey. It includes categories such as building specifications, HVAC systems, equipment details, and recommendations. The survey focuses on energy use, facility operations, and technical systems relevant to energy efficiency assessments.
Exterior Walls (between conditioned space and outdoors) W 1 W2 W3 68. Wa ll construction type From Wall Type table 69. Inst ulation material type From Insule ation Type table ulation R-value (or if known) 71. Wa ll Color D = Dark M = Mediu...
AI summary The document details specifications for exterior walls, roofs, and floors, including construction types, insulation materials, R-values, and color classifications. It provides a structured format for data collection related to building thermal performance.
82. Comments: NA VIGANT ENSC Commercial Baseline Survey Site II formlO 10. Building Specifications (cont'd) Windows/Fenestration Note: 80M!ine windows are 2-f)ane, clear Rlaze Ct C2 CJ 83. Layers of glazing 84. Type of glaz ing C • Cic11r...
AI summary The document contains a section of a commercial baseline survey, focusing on building specifications such as windows, fenestration, and wall construction. It includes details about glazing features, window frame types, shading, and external wall types. The data is organized in a tabular format with multiple entries for different sections of the building.
Date Filed: May 13, 2019 E1 (SBA) IR-13 Page 3 of 3 Sector Avoided Cost Savings Types 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 BNI Avoided Costs of Transmission and Distribution (kW) $15.57 $15.84 $16.10 $16.38 $16.66 $1...
AI summary The document presents a table with avoided cost savings across various sectors and years, highlighting data related to energy efficiency and demand-side management. It includes specific figures for BNI and residential sectors, covering transmission and distribution costs, water, gas, and energy savings, as well as demand and capacity savings.
NON-CONFIDENTIAL d) The Small New Construction service offers both a prescriptive and performance path to improve new building performance. For the prescriptive path, a set of prescriptive measures will be developed to define a building bu...
AI summary The Small New Construction service provides two paths—prescriptive and performance—to enhance building energy efficiency. The prescriptive path includes measures to meet 50% better than NECB standards, while the performance path allows for 75% better or Net-Zero Energy through building energy modeling. Incentives are based on overall building performance rather than individual measures.
79334Letter from EOne enclosing VRF Program Review Report
19 passages
1. Modification of Baseline Definition EfficiencyOne will modify the requirements of the Custom Incentives New Construction service to redefine the baseline Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system operation for a proposed V...
AI summary EfficiencyOne proposes modifying the baseline definition for VRF heat pump systems under the Custom Incentives New Construction program, using ASHRAE 90.1-2013 and NECB-2015 standards. Key metrics include EER 9.3, COP 3.2, and part-load performance curves from NECB 8.4.4.21-E, operating between -10°C and -18°C.
Objectives The study aims to provide best practices in program design and appropriate incentives to avoid the unintended effect of increasing electricity usage in new construction MURBs where natural gas is available. The central question...
AI summary The study focuses on designing programs and incentives to prevent increased electricity use in new Multi-Unit Residential Buildings (MURBs) where natural gas is available. It examines how developers choose heating systems with and without incentives, compares approaches in other jurisdictions, and evaluates capital and energy cost differences between VRF heat pump systems and natural gas systems.
1.1 – Methodology
AI summary The methodology section outlines the approach for the proceeding, referencing key entities and acronyms related to energy regulation in Nova Scotia. It includes organizations, programs, and legislation relevant to demand-side management and building energy codes.
1.1.1 – Objectives The market actor interviews are meant to provide an understanding of the local context in Nova Scotia where new MURBs are planned. The discussions focused on typical heating systems in new construction MURBs, both in rec...
AI summary The document outlines interviews conducted to understand heating systems in new Multi-Unit Residential Buildings (MURBs) in Nova Scotia, focusing on Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) heat pumps. An interview guide was co-developed by E1 and Heritage Gas, using a qualitative, semi-structured approach to gather sector insights.
1.2.1 – Market Insights Gas HVAC systems are common Buildings currently under construction typically use natural gas boilers with hydronic baseboards, fan-coils or infloor heating, and that has been the case for at least the past 5 years....
AI summary Gas HVAC systems are prevalent in Nova Scotia due to existing infrastructure and lower operating costs, while electric VRF systems are viable in the region's climate. The rental market dominance influences system choices, with landlords preferring gas systems for lower operational expenses despite higher upfront costs.
1.3 – Summary The market actor interviews aimed at answering the following question: How do developers choose their primary heating systems, both when they are offered incentives and when they are not? In summary, developers are familiar w...
AI summary Developers in Nova Scotia commonly install natural gas boiler systems for heating, but VRF heat pumps are emerging as a competitive option in high-end rental markets due to their dual heating/cooling capability. Capital costs drive decisions, though incentives and market competition influence choices. Cooling is increasingly sought after in competitive markets.
HVAC SYSTEM SELECTION "(…) the reference building or space's HVAC system shall be modeled as being identical to that of the proposed building or space; otherwise, the reference building or space shall use through-thewall systems." NECB 201...
AI summary The text references NECB 2015, Table 8.4.4.7, which requires that the reference building's HVAC system must match the proposed building's system; if not, through-the-wall systems are to be used.
AUXILIARY HEATING "(…) the energy type of the heat pump's terminal heating or auxiliary heating shall be, for an air-source heat-pump, the energy type used for terminal or auxiliary heating of the thermal blocks of the proposed building (…...
AI summary NECB 2015 Clause 8.4.4.13 2) g) specifies that for VRF air-source heat pumps, the baseline HVAC system is mini-split or packaged-terminal heat pumps (PTHP) with auxiliary heating via electricity.
2.2.1.2 – ASHRAE 90.1 Energy Standard for Buildings ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1 – Energy Standard for Buildings except Low-Rise Residential Buildings is mostly used in the United States. It lists minimum equipment efficiency tables which...
AI summary The ASHRAE 90.1 standard outlines building energy efficiency requirements, with updates to VRF heat pump efficiencies since 2007. It includes compliance methods like the Energy Cost Budget and Performance Rating Method, which use metrics such as EER, IEER, and COP. For MURBs, PTHPs with auxiliary heating are referenced as baseline systems, aligning with NECB specifications.
2.3 – Summary The jurisdictional scan aimed at answering the following question: How is this issue addressed in other relevant jurisdictions? In summary, the relevant jurisdictions use the modeling specifications in their building energy c...
AI summary The jurisdictional scan reviewed how other jurisdictions address the issue using NECB or ASHRAE 90.1 building energy codes. Both codes use packaged terminal heat pumps with electric auxiliary heating as the baseline for VRF systems, with ASHRAE 90.1 also setting minimum efficiency standards for VRF systems in prescriptive programs.
Heating System Cost Comparison
AI summary The document presents a comparison of heating system costs, focusing on technologies like VRF, DMSHP, and PTHP. It references energy efficiency metrics (IEER) and building codes (NECB, IECC) to evaluate system performance. NSP is involved in the analysis, with considerations for MURBs and DSM programs.
3.1.1 – Building Energy Modeling First of all, it is important to note that the current study's energy modeling is not meant to be as precise as the hourly simulations that are required for a project's participation in most custom programs...
AI summary The study's building energy modeling uses a temperature-bin methodology for comparing five heating system types, avoiding the precision of hourly simulations. It focuses on HVAC systems, acknowledging limitations in comparing different simulation models due to varying assumptions. The approach is higher-level, not adhering to all NECB specifications, and aims to inform analysis rather than predict actual energy use.
3.1.1.1 – Hourly Simulations The first step of the analysis focused on gathering typical hourly heating and cooling loads for a MURB in Nova Scotia. As part of this process, our team used the Natural Resources Canada software (CAN-QUEST ve...
AI summary The analysis began with gathering hourly heating and cooling loads for a multi-unit residential building in Halifax, Nova Scotia, using the CAN-QUEST version 1.2 software, an adaptation of eQUEST 3.62. The building characteristics used in the simplified modeling are outlined in Table 3.
3.1.2 – Heating System Descriptions The five following systems have been analyzed for the same building archetype described in the [Table](#page-21-0) 3 above. Our selection was based on the results of our jurisdictional scan and the inter...
AI summary Five heating systems were analyzed for a building archetype, selected based on jurisdictional scan results and stakeholder interviews. E1 and Heritage Gas provided inputs and agreement for the selection.
3.1.2.3 – Standard Electric System The standard electric system is based on the current modeling specifications from NECB and ASHRAE 90.1, which is an air-source mini-split heat pumps with electric resistance auxiliary heating. Heat pump e...
AI summary The standard electric system uses NECB and ASHRAE 90.1 models, featuring air-source mini-split heat pumps with electric resistance heating. Efficiency standards from NECB-2015 apply to PTHP. The model uses professional judgment rather than all NECB specs, with HRVs for ventilation and gas-fired systems for hot water.
3.1.2.4 – Standard VRF System The standard version of the VRF heat pump system is an air-source VRF that reflects the prescriptive minimum efficiencies in ASHRAE 90.1-2013. The indoor units in each apartment use an electric resistance as a...
AI summary The standard VRF heat pump system is air-source and complies with ASHRAE 90.1-2013. It uses electric resistance heating in indoor units, heat-recovery ventilators (HRVs), gas-fired make-up air units for corridors, and gas-fired domestic hot water systems.
3.1.2.5 – Efficient VRF System The efficient version of the electricity-based system is an efficient air-source VRF with heat recovery capabilities. The indoor units in each apartment use an electric resistance as auxiliary heating. As in...
AI summary The efficient VRF system uses electric resistance heating in apartments, HRVs for ventilation, and gas-fired systems for make-up air and hot water. It is part of a regulatory proceeding in Nova Scotia evaluating energy-efficient building technologies.
Recommendation The recommended approach to VRF heat pump baseline definition is based on the three tasks that were described in the previous chapters of this report. The main conclusions are the following: - The current VRF adoption has be...
AI summary The document recommends modifying the baseline definition for VRF heat pump systems in new construction MURBs where natural gas is available, using ASHRAE 90.1-2013's prescriptive minimum efficiencies. The current baseline does not reflect the local rental market, and the recommendation aims to incentivize higher-efficiency systems while aligning with E1's electrical savings mandate.
Key Building Characteristic Weather Data Shearwater Airport, Halifax, Nova Scotia Envelope Performance NECB Baseline Insulation Level Above-ground walls: R-23 Underground walls: R-15 Roof: R-31 Fenestration and Doors : R-2.6 Floors: R-3.16...
AI summary The document outlines key building characteristics, including envelope performance, thermostat setpoints, and internal loads, along with annual energy consumption by end-use for different heating and cooling systems. It compares standard and efficient VRF systems with natural gas and electric heating options.