Topic:"Carbon Capture Utilization And Storage" in M08929

2 As stated in NS Power’s submission to the UARB dated June 7, 2018 in regard to 3 Synapse’s Generation Utilization and Optimization report (M08059) filed on May 1, 4 2018:12 5 6 Synapse’s results provide a direct answer to the Board’s que...

AI summary NS Power asserts that retaining the coal fleet through 2030 is cost-effective for rate payers based on Synapse’s report. However, the long-term utilization of these units depends on the carbon regime to be implemented in Nova Scotia. NS Power expects clarity on this by the end of 2018, potentially enabling an Integrated Resource Planning (IRP) exercise in 2019.

of 487 25 Attachment 4 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 26 of 34 NSPI System Overview and Coming Challenges IRP Update Appendix 1 Page 58 of 487 Attachment 4 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 27 of 34 Overview of Nova Scotia System 500,000 customers...

AI summary This section provides an overview of Nova Scotia's energy system, including customer numbers, annual load, peak load, revenue requirement, retail rate, and generation mix. It highlights the growth in wind and gas generation, the decline in coal, and the resulting reduction in GHG emissions.

4 GHG Emissions in Nova Scotia Growth in renewables and gas generation has led to a decline in coal generation, resulting in lower emissions 2017 emissions 6.7 MMT CO2e IRP Update Appendix 1 Page 61 of 487 29 Attachment 4 - Pre-IRP Deliver...

AI summary The text discusses the reduction in GHG emissions in Nova Scotia due to increased use of renewables and gas generation, leading to a decline in coal generation. It also references an appendix and attachment related to load and resources in the context of an IRP update.

5 repowered Trenton Unit 6 165 $24.4 M $148/kW If only unit 6 repowered Trenton Unit 5+6 320 $35.5 M $127/kW If units 5+6 both repowered ¬ Impact of federal regulations • Federal regulations limiting carbon dioxide emissions from natural g...

AI summary The document discusses coal repowering at Trenton Units 5 and 6, including costs and financing assumptions. It also mentions the impact of federal regulations on coal units' operating life, and outlines operating costs for coal-to-gas repowering.

t are common to the largest number of scenarios. Figure 2 outlines the process to develop candidate scenarios by considering a range of potential drivers. Figure 2 - Scenario Development Overview In addition to the combinations of drivers...

AI summary NS Power is developing scenarios based on key policy drivers, including provincial and federal clean energy policies. The scenarios consider greenhouse gas emissions, electrification, and coal unit end dates. The modeling process for the Portfolio Study phase is outlined, and stakeholders are involved in shaping the scenarios.

1.7 Developing Optimal Resource Plans Nova Scotia Power assessed each scenario by optimizing its resource portfolio and operations using a suite of analytical planning models. Through consultation with stakeholders, and input from the Ener...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power develops optimal resource plans by using analytical models and stakeholder input to assess various technologies. The process considers capital and operating costs, system reliability, and environmental targets to identify the lowest-cost solutions that meet long-term objectives.

Provides service(s) on a limited basis Mostly not applicable Nova Scotia Power considered a wide range of technologies, including renewable resources, imports via new transmission lines, battery storage, compressed air energy storage, cust...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power is evaluating various technologies, including renewable resources, battery storage, and natural gas power plants, to increase low- and zero-carbon generation while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Hydroelectric resources and incremental firm imports offer reliable on-demand capacity, while wind and solar PV provide limited ancillary services. Fossil fuel plants may continue to serve as backup for reliability purposes.

4.3.3.2 Coal-to-Gas Conversion Nova Scotia Power has considered three coal units with nearby natural gas supply for coal-to-gas conversion. Figure 38 shows the capital cost for each of these coal units and Figure 39 shows the coalto-gas co...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power is evaluating coal-to-gas conversion for three coal units with nearby natural gas supply. Figures 38 and 39 illustrate capital costs and conversion characteristics. Federal regulations impose CO2 emission limits and performance standards, affecting the operational life of repowered coal units.

New combined-cycle natural gas plants with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) are also considered in the IRP. CCS capital costs include the cost of capturing and compressing the ${\rm CO_2}$ , but not delivery and storage to a storage reserv...

AI summary The Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) considers new combined-cycle natural gas plants with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). Nova Scotia Power includes an additional $4.76/MWh in variable O&M costs to account for transport and storage costs of captured CO2, which are not included in the CCS capital costs.

Figure 40. Characteristics of New Combined Cycle Natural Gas Plants with Carbon Capture and Storage Year 2021 2030 2045 Levelized Capital Cost ($/kW-yr) $249 $232 $214 $214 Variable O&M ($/MWh) $10/MWh Hear rate for output 7530 Btu/kWh & l...

AI summary Figure 40 presents the characteristics of new combined cycle natural gas plants with carbon capture and storage (CCS), including levelized capital costs, variable operating and maintenance costs, and heat rates for different years (2021, 2030, 2045). The cost adder for CCS is based on a CO2 transport cost of $13/ton and a capture rate of 90 percent.

4.6 Resource Strategies Nova Scotia Power developed three Resource Strategies for use in this IRP. These strategies are intended to capture different subsets of supply and demand-side resources, to allow for a comparison of strategic alter...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power developed three Resource Strategies (A, B, C) for its Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) to compare different supply and demand-side resource scenarios. Strategy A models current in-province resources, Strategy B focuses on increased DER adoption, and Strategy C explores regional integration for accessing out-of-province resources to meet GHG reduction and reliability goals.

5.1 Key Scenarios Nova Scotia Power's objective in this IRP is to model a wide range of potential future scenarios and use this range of results to identify near-term options that are common among many resource plans. In this way, a no-reg...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power is developing an Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) by modeling various future scenarios based on key policy drivers, including decarbonization, load electrification, and resource strategy. These scenarios are designed to identify common near-term options and support the development of a no-regrets Action Plan and Roadmap.

5.3.1 Developing Resource Portfolios Nova Scotia Power utilized the PLEXOS capacity expansion and production simulation modeling software in developing the optimal resource portfolios during the Portfolio Study phase of the IRP. PLEXOS is...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power used PLEXOS modeling software to develop optimal resource portfolios from 2021 to 2045, minimizing investment and operation costs while meeting GHG reduction targets and reliability constraints. The PLEXOS modules were used for capacity expansion, production cost modeling, and system operability checks.

5.4 Evaluation of Resource Portfolios One of the main objectives of the IRP is to develop a robust, risk-weighted lowest-cost long-term electricity strategy that delivers energy in a safe and reliable manner. In addition, Nova Scotia Power...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power evaluates resource portfolios using metrics like 25-year NPVRR, resource adequacy, GHG emissions, and robustness to ensure affordability, reliability, and decarbonization. The Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) considers various scenarios, including the impact of DSM, DER penetration, and electrification on costs and rates.

6.1 Resource Additions and Retirements IRP resource plans are largely described via their resource additions and retirements. In order to communicate these plans, Nova Scotia Power has developed an incremental capacity diagram that has bee...

AI summary The Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) outlines resource additions and retirements, including the retirement of coal units and the addition of gas peaking units, wind resources, and demand response. Solar resources are not selected in the current scenarios but may be included under an accelerated GHG reduction trajectory.

6.2 Energy Mix Similar to the capacity addition and retirement chart, Nova Scotia Power has been using a consistent format to share annual energy mix results throughout this IRP process. Figure 48 below shows how the annual generation mix...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power's energy mix is projected to shift significantly over the planning horizon, with coal generation declining due to GHG emissions curves and the retirement of coal units. Wind generation and low-carbon imports are expected to increase, while new gas combustion turbines provide firm capacity but operate at low capacity factors.

6.3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Figure 49 shows the GHG emissions over the planning horizon for the scenarios 2.0C and 2.1C. In both scenarios, Nova Scotia Power is able to meet the GHG emission requirement and lower overall GHG emissions fro...

AI summary The document discusses GHG emissions reductions in Nova Scotia Power's scenarios 2.0C and 2.1C, showing that emissions will decrease to 1.4 MT per year by 2045. This is due to wind energy, low- and zero-carbon imports, and the retirement of coal-fired generation by 2040. Zero-carbon generation will make up over 70% of total generation by 2045.

6.8.2 Wind Nova Scotia Power tested a series of sensitivities to investigate the potential impact of technology cost and integration requirements on both the level and timing of wind capacity builds. The results of the first two scenarios,...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power tested various wind energy scenarios, showing that lower wind costs and integration requirements lead to earlier wind capacity installations and coal retirements. Lower inertia requirements had minimal impact on resource plans, while removing integration constraints led to late wind additions and higher curtailment, suggesting the need for further analysis.

7.1 Key Findings The Key Findings are compiled from the modeling results and other observations developed throughout the IRP Process, including the outputs of the Pre-IRP Deliverables. They are intended to capture the major outputs of the...

AI summary The key findings highlight the need for significant efforts across all sectors to reduce carbon emissions in line with Nova Scotia's Sustainable Development Goals Act, emphasizing the critical role of the electricity sector in achieving these goals.

io (provided in the Appendix) includes some electrification of the Transportation Other subsector. That means 60% of all other transportation fuels which are uncategorized or unknown are electrified. Figure 16. Stock Rollover from the Mode...

AI summary The document discusses electrification scenarios in the transportation sector, showing that 60% of uncategorized or unknown transportation fuels are electrified. It also outlines E3's assessment of decarbonization in the electricity sector, including the need for further study on the cost, reliability, and potential of deep decarbonization under load growth scenarios.

34 P a g e © 2020 Energy and Environmental Economics, Inc. Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix A Page 40 of 64 feedstock categories to be more representative of Canadian resources, such as by replacing corn with colder climate grai...

AI summary The document discusses the feasibility of using Canadian biomass feedstocks for biofuel production in Nova Scotia, noting that while technically possible, relying solely on domestic biomass may not align with global decarbonization goals. Alternative strategies, such as efficiency and electrification, are considered for deeper emissions reductions.

44 P a g e © 2020 Energy and Environmental Economics, Inc. Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix A Page 50 of 64 Table 8. Electricity Sector Demand and Emissions 2005 2016 Reference Building Moderate High (2050) Electrification Elect...

AI summary The table presents electricity sector demand and emissions for Nova Scotia from 2005 to 2050 under different scenarios, showing reductions in both demand and emissions intensity. The data highlights the impact of electrification and other factors on future energy use and greenhouse gas emissions.

ortation. Over the last decade, the electricity sector in Nova Scotia has reduced emissions by more than 30% relative to 2005 levels, thanks to a transition to cleaner and renewable energy 49 P a g e © 2020 Energy and Environmental Economi...

AI summary Over the last decade, Nova Scotia's electricity sector has reduced emissions by over 30% since 2005 through the transition to cleaner and renewable energy sources. Continued integration of low-carbon resources like wind and hydro is needed to maintain this progress while ensuring reliability and affordability.

transition would enable NSPI to meet energy demand from existing electric load as well as new load growth from space and water heating and transportation, without emitting more carbon. 3. Low-carbon electricity alone is not enough to achie...

AI summary The transition to low-carbon electricity can meet current and future energy demand without increasing carbon emissions. However, achieving 80% economy-wide emissions reductions requires additional measures beyond electrification, including low-carbon fuels like advanced biofuels and hydrogen. Nova Scotia should monitor these technologies and assess their potential deployment.

, which were not investigated in detail in this study. The Appendix also contains a scenario in which E3 modeled low-carbon biofuels as an alternative building decarbonization strategy. 6. Getting to “net zero” will be an even greater chal...

AI summary The text discusses the challenges of achieving net zero emissions, emphasizing the need for direct reductions, carbon removal technologies, and carbon offsets. It highlights the potential role of negative emissions technologies like direct air capture and carbon capture and sequestration, especially in hard-to-decarbonize sectors such as industry.

34 34 13 Biofuels Share of Final Energy Demand (%) 1% 35% 34% 16% 5.2 Additional Scenarios Table 10. 2050 Results for Reference Scenario and Additional Scenarios Category Reference Very High Electrification High Biofuels Electric Sector Em...

AI summary The text presents data on biofuels' share of final energy demand and emissions scenarios for 2050, comparing the reference scenario with high electrification and high biofuels scenarios. It highlights the impact of different energy strategies on total emissions and energy demand.

ther fuel) or shut down at the end of “useful life”, as defined by the regulations based on commissioning dates, and would cause conversion or retirement by the following years for the NS Power fleet: Trenton 6 Point Lingan 1, 2019 Trenton...

AI summary The document outlines the retirement timeline for coal units in Nova Scotia's power fleet, noting that the Equivalency Agreement with the Federal Government allows NS Power to continue operating coal units beyond certain dates. It also discusses provincial GHG emission regulations and the renewal of the Equivalency Agreement from 2020-2024 with future methodology agreements for 2025-2040.

folio Study phase is illustrated in Figure 3. Figure 3 - IRP Portfolio Study Modeling Approach KEY POLICY DRIVERS NS Power is proposing three key policy drivers to form the basis of scenarios: 1. Provincial clean energy policy (e.g. Sustai...

AI summary NS Power proposes three key policy drivers for the Integrated Resource Plan, including provincial clean energy policy focusing on greenhouse gas emissions and load changes due to electrification, as well as federal clean energy policy related to coal unit end dates. Three GHG scenarios are outlined to reflect potential outcomes of provincial carbon policy.

criteria against which potential plans and resource portfolios will evaluated under each scenario, as shown in Table 6 below: Metric Description Minimization of the cumulative present value of 25 year NPV Revenue Requirement the annual rev...

AI summary The document outlines criteria for evaluating potential plans and resource portfolios under different scenarios, including minimizing revenue requirements, reliability requirements, grid services, plan robustness, emissions reduction, and flexibility. These metrics are detailed in Table 6.

tion of constraints on future Qualitative assessment of timing of decisions arising from the selection of a particular investments path) Table 6 - Resource Plan Evaluation Criteria While the primary metric of plan value will continue to be...

AI summary The 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) outlines policy drivers such as provincial clean energy goals, greenhouse gas emissions reduction, and federal coal unit closure timelines. These drivers form the basis for various scenarios, including Net Zero 2050 and Accelerated Net Zero 2045, with different levels of electrification and coal closure dates.

l revenue requirements 25 year NPV Revenue Requirement over the planning horizon (with and without end-effects adjustment) Average Annual Relative Rate Impact - 25-yr Magnitude and timing of electricity rate effects 10 year NPV Revenue Req...

AI summary The text outlines various criteria for evaluating electricity plans, including revenue requirements, reliability requirements, grid services, plan robustness, emissions reductions, and flexibility. These factors are analyzed over different planning horizons and involve quantitative and qualitative assessments.

ffects ($MM) $16,431 Essential Grid Services • Essential Grid Service requirements are met as modeled 10-yr NPVRR ($MM) $6,805 Resource Adequacy & PRM • Reliability Tie: 2035 • Regional Integration: n/a Average Annual Relative Rate Impact...

AI summary The document outlines key metrics from Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), including financial effects, CO2 emissions, and scenario evaluations. It highlights the Essential Grid Services, Resource Adequacy, and Plan Robustness, while noting non-compliance with the Sustainable Development Goals Act and increased exposure to natural gas prices.

1.0C L O W E L E C . / B A S E D S M / C O M PA R AT O R E M I S S I O N S / R E G I O N A L I N T E G R AT I O N Scenario Metrics & Evaluation 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $12,032 General Notes • Incremental firm imports enable an economic coal unit...

AI summary The document presents scenario metrics and evaluation for a 25-year Net Present Value Rate of Return (NPVRR) of $12,032 million, with considerations for coal unit retirements, reliability tie implementation in 2030, and regional interconnection construction in 2039. It highlights CO2 emissions reductions and mentions non-compliance with Sustainable Development Goals Act.

10 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix E Page 12 of 72 2.0A LOW ELEC. / BASE DSM / NET ZERO 2050 / CURRENT LANDSCAPE 11 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix E Page 13 of 72 2.0A LOW ELEC. / BASE DSM / NET ZERO 2050 / CURRENT...

AI summary The document presents scenario metrics and evaluation from Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Final Report, including net present value of resource requirements (NPVRR), reliability tie construction, CO2 emissions, and grid service considerations over a 25-year period.

Resource Adequacy & PRM 10-yr NPVRR ($MM) $6,776 • Reliability Tie: 2030 • Regional Integration: 2037 Plan Robustness & Flexibility Average Annual Relative Rate Impact • Regional Integration provides flexible ability to meet emissions cons...

AI summary The document discusses the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) from Nova Scotia Power, focusing on resource adequacy, Plan Robustness & Flexibility, and CO2 emissions projections from 2021 to 2045. It highlights the reliability tie in 2030 and regional integration in 2037, as well as the average annual relative rate impact and total CO2 emissions.

otia Power IRP Final Report Appendix E Page 17 of 72 2.1A MID ELEC. / BASE DSM / NET ZERO 2050 / CURRENT LANDSCAPE Scenario Metrics & Evaluation 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $13,195 General Notes • Reliability Tie built in 2031 enables wind integrati...

AI summary The document presents scenario metrics and evaluation from Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Final Report. It includes net present value of resource recovery (NPVRR) figures, reliability tie construction, gas capacity transitions, and CO2 emissions data for different time periods.

16 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix E Page 18 of 72 2.1B MID ELEC. / BASE DSM / NET ZERO 2050 / DISTRIBUTED RESOURCES 17 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix E Page 19 of 72 2.1B MID ELEC. / BASE DSM / NET ZERO 2050 / DIS...

AI summary The document presents scenario metrics and evaluation from Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Final Report. It includes 25-yr and 10-yr Net Present Value of Resource Recovery (NPVRR) figures, CO2 emissions projections, and notes on DER modeling, grid reliability, and emissions constraints.

21 of 72 2.1C M I D E L E C . / B A S E D S M / N E T Z E R O 2 0 5 0 / R E G I O N A L I N T E G R AT I O N Scenario Metrics & Evaluation 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $12,983 General Notes • Reliability Tie built in 2031 (earlier than previous runs)...

AI summary The document presents scenario metrics and evaluation for a 25-year Net Present Value Rate of Return (NPVRR) of $12,983 MM, with adjustments for end effects and considerations for reliability, resource adequacy, and emissions reduction targets under the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP). It includes details on coal unit retirements, grid services, and CO2 emissions.

nverted to gas in 2037 Essential Grid Services 10-yr NPVRR ($MM) $8,166 • Essential Grid Service requirements are met as modeled Resource Adequacy & PRM • Reliability Tie: 2030 Average Annual Relative Rate Impact • Regional Integration: n/...

AI summary The document discusses the Essential Grid Services, Resource Adequacy & PRM, and Plan Robustness & Flexibility under the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) for Nova Scotia Power. It highlights CO2 emissions, reliance on natural gas, and the impact of gas conversion builds on supply flexibility.

Page 25 of 72 2.2C H I G H E L E C . / M A X D S M / N E T Z E R O 2 0 5 0 / R E G I O N A L I N T E G R AT I O N Scenario Metrics & Evaluation 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $15,172 General Notes • Reliability Tie & Regional Interconnection built in 2...

AI summary The text presents scenario metrics and evaluation data from an Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) by Nova Scotia Power, including Net Present Value of Resource Recovery (NPVRR), carbon emissions, and grid reliability considerations. The scenarios consider coal-to-gas conversions, regional interconnection, and demand-side management strategies.

72 3.1C M I D E L E C . / B A S E D S M / A C C E L . N E T Z E R O 2 0 4 5 / R E G I O N A L I N T E G R AT I O N Scenario Metrics & Evaluation 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $13,576 General Notes • 1 coal to gas conversion in 2030 • Regional Intercon...

AI summary The document presents scenario metrics and evaluation data for two different Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) scenarios, focusing on Net Present Value of Resource Recovery (NPVRR), CO2 emissions, and grid reliability. Key elements include coal-to-gas conversion, regional interconnection, and solar energy deployment.

egration provides flexible ability to meet emissions constraints Total CO2 Emissions 2021-2030 (MT) 33.8 Total CO2 Emissions 2031-2045 (MT) 10.2 Total CO2 Emissions 2021-2045 (MT) 44.0 30 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix E Page...

AI summary The document outlines a scenario focused on high electricity demand, maximum demand-side management, accelerated net-zero goals by 2045, and regional integration. It includes metrics and evaluations related to CO2 emissions from 2021 to 2045 and highlights the integration of energy strategies to meet emissions constraints.

dequacy & PRM 2021-2030 (%) 1.2% 0.8% • Reliability Tie: 2030 2021-2045 (%) 0.8% 0.8% • Regional Integration: 2031 Plan Robustness & Flexibility Total CO2 Emissions 2021-2030 (MT) 39.9 41.8 • No change relative to 2.1C Base Total CO2 Emiss...

AI summary The document outlines CO2 emissions projections and installed capacity comparisons for different scenarios under the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) by Nova Scotia Power. It discusses emissions from 2021 to 2045 and evaluates the robustness and flexibility of the plan, including reliability tie and regional integration timelines.

MID DSM) H I G H E L E C . / M I D D S M / N E T Z E R O 2 0 5 0 / R E G I O N A L I N T E G R AT I O N Scenario Metrics & Evaluation Sensitivity Base (2.2C) 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $14,721 $15,172 General Notes • Under the High Electrification...

AI summary The text discusses scenario metrics and evaluation under the High Electrification / Mid DSM sensitivity, comparing the 25-yr and 10-yr Net Present Value of Resource Recovery (NPVRR) figures. It highlights differences in infrastructure timing, coal retirement, and capacity changes between the Mid DSM case and the 2.2C base case, emphasizing GHG emission reductions and economic impacts.

$7,817 $8,135 to the change in DSM level • NPVRR is decreased relative to 2.2C Max DSM case for all three time periods Essential Grid Services Average Annual Relative Rate Impact • No significant change from 2.2C 2021-2030 (%) 1.1% 1.5% 20...

AI summary The text discusses changes in DSM levels and their impact on NPVRR, as well as CO2 emissions over different time periods. It references the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and mentions grid services, reliability tie, and regional integration timelines. The comparison of new installed capacity in 2045 is also highlighted.

642 $6,776 end effects are considered relative to 2.0C Base DSM indicating the solutions are very close economically Essential Grid Services Average Annual Relative Rate Impact • No change relative to 2.0C 2021-2030 (%) 0.4% 0.8% 2021-2045...

AI summary The document compares the economic and environmental impacts of different scenarios, including the 2.0C DSM-5 plan. It highlights minimal changes in average annual relative rate impact and reductions in CO2 emissions over time. The comparison also includes new installed capacity by 2045 under the 2.0C DSM-5 scenario.

time periods 10-yr NPVRR ($MM) $7,111 $6,776 Essential Grid Services • No change relative to 2.0C Resource Adequacy & PRM Average Annual Relative Rate Impact • Reliability Tie: 2030 2021-2030 (%) 1.2% 0.8% • Regional Integration: 2039 2021...

AI summary The document presents a comparison of 10-year NPVRR values, average annual relative rate impact, and CO2 emissions for different time periods and scenarios, including the 2.0C.DSM-6 plan, which focuses on maximizing demand-side management and achieving net zero by 2050.

equacy & PRM 2021-2030 (%) 1.4% 0.8% • Reliability Tie: 2034 2021-2045 (%) 1.0% 0.8% • Regional Integration: 2040 Total CO2 Emissions 2021-2030 (MT) 38.4 40.7 Plan Robustness & Flexibility Total CO2 Emissions 2031-2045 (MT) 23.7 24.3 • No...

AI summary The text provides data on CO2 emissions and reliability tie timelines, as well as a comparison of new installed capacity in 2045. It references the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and mentions Regional Integration and Net Zero 2045 goals.

e time periods Essential Grid Services 10-yr NPVRR ($MM) $7,470 $7,179 • No change relative to 3.1C Resource Adequacy & PRM • Reliability Tie: 2029 Average Annual Relative Rate Impact • Regional Integration: 2030 2021-2030 (%) 1.9% 1.5% 20...

AI summary The document outlines essential grid services and resource adequacy considerations, including a 10-year NPVRR, reliability tie in 2029, and regional integration by 2030. It also compares new installed capacity under the 2.1C.WIND-1 scenario, with a focus on low wind cost assumptions and net-zero 2050 goals.

25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $12,820 $12,983 General Notes • Low wind price advances build of significant wind quantities from 2030 in base case to 2025; Reliability Tie is advanced as well to enable integration • Earlier build of Regional Interconne...

AI summary The document discusses the 25-year and 10-year Net Present Value of Resource Recovery (NPVRR) under different scenarios, highlighting changes in wind energy build timelines, reliability tie advancements, and coal unit retirements. It also notes impacts on CO2 emissions and rate impacts from 2021 to 2045.

Essential Grid Services 0.7% 0.8% • No change relative to 2.1C Resource Adequacy & PRM Total CO2 Emissions 2021-2030 (MT) 30.5 41.8 • Reliability Tie: 2025 Total CO2 Emissions 2031-2045 (MT) 26.1 29.1 • Regional Integration: 2026 Total CO2...

AI summary The document discusses Essential Grid Services and outlines CO2 emissions projections from 2021 to 2045, highlighting the need for resource adequacy, reliability, and flexibility in the energy system. It also references the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and mentions considerations around wind capacity and energy imports.

2021-2030 (%) 0.7% 0.8% • NPVRR is reduced relative to 3.1C in two of three metrics, slightly higher in 10-yr NPV due 2021-2045 (%) 0.7% 0.8% to advancement of investment Essential Grid Services Total CO2 Emissions 2021-2030 (MT) 26.8 41.8...

AI summary The text discusses CO2 emissions projections and grid reliability considerations under different scenarios, including the impact of wind energy on grid inertia and the need for flexibility in energy imports. It also references the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and mentions reliability tie and regional integration timelines.

overall resource plan optimization 2021-2030 (%) 0.7% 0.8% • Cost differences are small over all three NPV metrics 2021-2045 (%) 0.8% 0.8% Essential Grid Services • Current studies indicate that 2200MW.sec of online kinetic inertia is not...

AI summary The document discusses the optimization of the resource plan from 2021 to 2045, highlighting small cost differences across NPV metrics and the need for additional stability studies due to insufficient kinetic inertia. It also mentions CO2 emissions and reliability tie and regional integration timelines.

system stability studies for the 2021-2045 (%) 0.8% 0.8% Western region of Nova Scotia due to changes in essential grid service provision; cost of any mitigation not included in decommissioning NPV Total CO2 Emissions 2021-2030 (MT) 42.7 4...

AI summary The document outlines system stability studies and CO2 emissions projections for Nova Scotia from 2021 to 2045, highlighting the impact of changes in essential grid service provision and the role of hydro assets in ensuring reliability and reducing fuel price volatility.

• No change relative to 2.1C 2021-2030 (%) 1.1% 0.8% 2021-2045 (%) 0.8% 0.8% Resource Adequacy & PRM • Reliability Tie: 2024 Total CO2 Emissions 2021-2030 (MT) 43.5 41.8 • Regional Integration: 2026 Total CO2 Emissions 2031-2045 (MT) 35.1...

AI summary The document presents comparative data on CO2 emissions and resource adequacy for different timeframes and scenarios, including a reliability tie in 2024 and regional integration in 2026. It also includes a comparison of new installed capacity in 2045 under the 2.1C scenario.

ce Adequacy & PRM 2021-2045 (%) 1.0% 1.0% • Reliability Tie: n/a • Regional Integration: n/a Total CO2 Emissions 2021-2030 (MT) 40.6 44.5 Plan Robustness & Flexibility Total CO2 Emissions 2031-2045 (MT) 36.2 33.2 • No change relative to 2....

AI summary The document discusses CO2 emissions projections from 2021 to 2045 and outlines a new installed capacity comparison for 2045. It also references a limited reliability tie inertia scenario under the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and mentions regional integration considerations.

,022 • Generation mix is generally unchanged from 2.1C on an annual basis • Costs are relatively close to 2.1C on all NPV metrics Essential Grid Services Average Annual Relative Rate Impact • No change from 2.1C 2021-2030 (%) 0.9% 0.8% 202...

AI summary The document compares generation mix, costs, and CO2 emissions between different scenarios (2.1C and CAPEX-1) from 2021 to 2045. It highlights that generation mix and costs are largely unchanged, while CO2 emissions increase slightly over time. The Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) is referenced, along with Essential Grid Services and Resource Adequacy & PRM.

• Reliability Tie: 2024 Total CO2 Emissions 2021-2030 (MT) 37.4 41.8 • Regional Integration: 2029 Total CO2 Emissions 2031-2045 (MT) 27.3 29.1 Total CO2 Emissions 2021-2045 (MT) 64.7 70.9 Plan Robustness & Flexibility • No significant chan...

AI summary The document presents a reliability tie timeline for 2024 and regional integration for 2029. It outlines projected CO2 emissions from 2021 to 2045, showing a slight increase, and mentions that the plan remains robust with no significant change from the 2.1C target. The section also includes a graph comparing new installed capacity under the 2.1C.CAPEX-2 scenario.

and wind builds are delayed in line with later coal unit retirement date 10-yr NPVRR ($MM) $6,887 $7,022 but final resource plan is essentially unchanged from 2.1C Essential Grid Services • No significant change from 2.1C Average Annual Re...

AI summary The Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) shows minimal changes in resource planning despite delays in wind builds and coal unit retirements. CO2 emissions are slightly reduced over the 2021-2045 period, and average annual rate impacts remain stable. The plan includes Essential Grid Services, Resource Adequacy, and PRM timelines, with no significant changes from the 2.1C version.

7 35 33 33 28 26 26 26 25 16 16 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0A Emission Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 CO2 (k tonnes) 5,023 4,566...

AI summary The text presents a table showing projected emissions of CO2, mercury, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide from 2021 to 2045, with decreasing values over time. These emissions are measured in thousands of tonnes for CO2 and in kilograms or tonnes for other pollutants.

37 34 34 28 26 26 26 26 20 20 18 17 15 15 15 15 14 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0C Emission Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 CO2 (k tonnes) 5,023 4,162 4,...

AI summary The text presents a table with emission data for various pollutants (CO2, Hg, NOx, SO2) across multiple years, showing a gradual decrease in emissions over time, particularly after 2030.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix F Page 3 of 25 2.2C Emission Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 CO2 (k tonnes) 5,039 4,246 4,213 4,2...

AI summary The table presents projected emissions of CO2, mercury, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide from 2021 to 2045 as outlined in the Nova Scotia Power Integrated Resource Plan Final Report. Emissions are expected to decrease over time, with significant reductions in CO2 and other pollutants by 2045.

36 34 34 28 26 26 26 26 20 20 19 15 16 15 15 15 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.1B Emission Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 CO2 (k tonnes) 4,990 4,099 4,...

AI summary The text presents a table showing emission levels for CO2, Hg, NOx, and SO2 from 2021 to 2045. Emissions for CO2 decrease significantly after 2029, while Hg, NOx, and SO2 emissions reach zero by 2030 and remain at or near zero thereafter.

6 34 32 33 27 26 26 26 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.1C Emission Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 CO2 (k tonnes) 5,031 4,189 4,223 4,256...

AI summary The text presents a table of emissions data from 2021 to 2045, detailing CO2, mercury, NOx, and SO2 emissions in thousands of tonnes and kilograms. The data shows a decreasing trend in emissions over time, with CO2 emissions peaking in 2021 and gradually declining thereafter.

7 35 34 34 23 25 23 24 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.2B Emission Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 CO2 (k tonnes) 4,990 4,153 4,093 4,076...

AI summary The text presents emission data for CO2, Mercury, NOx, and SO2 from 2021 to 2045, showing a steady decline in emissions over time, particularly for CO2 and other pollutants, with significant reductions after 2026.

35 33 34 27 26 26 26 26 20 18 16 16 13 13 14 14 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0C.DSM-5 (Mid DSM) Emission Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 CO2 (k tonnes...

AI summary The table presents emissions data for CO2, mercury, NOx, and SO2 from 2021 to 2045, showing a decreasing trend in emissions over time, with significant reductions in CO2 emissions starting from 2030 onwards.

35 31 32 14 17 14 12 13 16 16 16 16 17 15 15 15 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1C.WIND-2 (Low Wind & Battery Cos Emission Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 204...

AI summary The text presents emission data for CO2, mercury, NOx, and SO2 from 2021 to 2045 under the 'Wind-2 (Low Wind & Battery Cos' scenario. The data shows decreasing emissions over time, with some fluctuations, particularly for CO2 emissions, which increase slightly in 2025 before decreasing again.

35 23 14 12 15 15 15 15 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1C.WIND-3 (Low Inertia Constraint) Emission Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 20...

AI summary The text presents emission data for CO2, Mercury, NOx, and SO2 across multiple years from 2021 to 2045, illustrating a gradual decline in emissions over time, particularly for CO2 and NOx, with some fluctuations noted in specific years.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix F Page 6 of 25 2.1C.CAPEX-1 (High Sustaining CapEx) Emission Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 CO2...

AI summary The table presents Nova Scotia Power's projected emissions for CO2, mercury, NOx, and SO2 from 2021 to 2045 under the High Sustaining CapEx scenario. Emissions decrease over time, with significant reductions in CO2 by 2040 and complete elimination of mercury, NOx, and SO2 emissions by 2041.

35 34 31 24 24 21 21 22 18 18 19 19 18 15 15 15 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1C.CAPEX-2 (Low Sustaining CapEx) Emission Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 204...

AI summary The text provides a table showing emissions data for CO2, Hg, NOx, and SO2 from 2021 to 2045 under the 'Low Sustaining CapEx' scenario. The data shows a gradual decrease in emissions over time, with significant reductions in CO2 emissions by 2040 and near-zero emissions for some pollutants after 2039.

version to other fuel) or shut down at the end of “useful life”, as defined by the regs based on commissioning dates, and would cause conversion or retirement by the following years for the NSP fleet: Trenton 6 Point Lingan 1, 2019 Trenton...

AI summary The document outlines the retirement timeline for coal units in Nova Scotia, noting that the Equivalency Agreement allows NS Power to continue operating these units beyond regulatory deadlines. It also mentions the Provincial GHG emission regulations and the renewal of the Equivalency Agreement from 2020 to 2024 with future methodology agreed upon from 2025 to 2040.

2020 IRP ASSUMPTIONS SET 22 FORECAST NO X EMISSION HARD Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 42 of 321 CAPS NOx Emission Hard Caps 16 14 12 10 8 NOx Limit 6 4 2 0 2020 IRP ASSUMPTIONS SET 23 FORECAST SO 2 EMISSION HARD Nova S...

AI summary The document outlines the 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) assumptions, including emission hard caps for NOx, SO2, and mercury, as well as provincial regulations requiring 40% renewable energy by 2020 and limits on the use of primary forest biomass.

atural gas to oil or vice versa poses operational challenges and can jeopardize unit availability • Increased emissions associated with burning oil in lieu of natural gas for fuel assurance • Oil refill during the peak heating season has p...

AI summary The document outlines challenges associated with dual fuel capability, including increased emissions, compliance costs, and logistical issues with oil delivery. It also discusses the development of a natural gas storage facility by AltaGas in Nova Scotia and potential NS Power involvement.

eves NSPI has not fully incorporated our request to study alternative, lower costs of capital and if the use of such enables Nova Scotia to decarbonize quicker than using NSPI’s ownership assumptions. Paul Chernick, President of Resource I...

AI summary The document discusses concerns regarding NSPI's approach to incorporating alternative, lower costs of capital and its impact on decarbonization. It also highlights issues with the inequitable treatment of renewable generation's ELCC and suggests financial benefits for ratepayers through the sale of surplus environmental attributes to other sectors.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 133 of 321 Input on Draft Assumptions Set Page 9 of 10 • What consideration, if any, is given to weather trends in the long-term weather dataset? For example, if there is a trend towards m...

AI summary The text raises questions about the consideration of weather trends in long-term forecasts, the correlation between weather and generation efficiency, and the modeling of import-related issues, including transmission costs, new tie lines, and the impact of fossil fuel imports on emissions and costs.

unicipality of the District of Digby Sigma Energy Storage Inc. November 2018 - CONFIDENTIAL page 18 The environmental benefits of the biomass direct combustion system are listed in Table 7. 2628 MWh heat energy can save 325 m3 fuel oil eac...

AI summary The document discusses the environmental and economic benefits of a 500-kW biomass direct combustion system, including fuel oil, coal, and natural gas savings, as well as greenhouse gas emission reductions. It also estimates revenue for the Municipality of the District of Digby and Nova Scotia based on fuel costs and carbon tax assumptions.

elopment of biomass energies. The main goal is to reduce fossil fuels consumption and to reduce GHG emissions. The recommended solution can not only have environmental benefits, but also economically. 4.2.1 Clean Microgrid with Biomass CHP...

AI summary The text discusses the development of a clean microgrid with a biomass CHP system using wood waste to generate electricity and heat. It highlights the environmental and economic benefits, emphasizing carbon neutrality through tree replanting and the reduction of fossil fuel use and GHG emissions.

• Has abundant, dispatchable energy capacity • Enables greater use of renewable power • Is stable and dependable • Brings cost of electricity to below grid average • Reduces fuel oil consumption and therefore • Reduces GHG emissions and bl...

AI summary The text highlights the benefits of a microgrid system for an industrial park, including reduced fuel oil consumption, GHG emissions, and cost savings. It outlines assumptions for a technical and financial analysis, such as fuel costs, carbon tax, and financing parameters, and references optimization methods to minimize energy costs while meeting demand.

8 am to 4 pm and it is 2126 kW. The average daily demand is 788 kW. The details are presented in Table 13. Table 13. Recommended biomass direct combustion system for the industrial park Required Steam Turbine (kW) 2200 Required Wood (38% m...

AI summary The text discusses a biomass direct combustion system for an industrial park, outlining its energy output, fuel requirements, and cost. It also highlights the environmental benefits, including GHG emission reductions and potential revenue from fossil fuel savings and carbon tax. Tables 13 and 14 are referenced to support the analysis.

- Natural Gas (up to 43,000 Revenue for Nova m3/year) Scotia: Up to $57,000 per year - Reduce the GHG emissions (up to 1211 tonne/year) Energy Storage for Ecotourism For Grand/Petit For Grand/Petit For Grand/Petit Tidal Energy Passage: Pas...

AI summary The document outlines revenue and environmental benefits associated with energy storage for tidal energy projects in Nova Scotia. It highlights reductions in fossil fuel consumption, GHG emissions, and job creation in specific regions, along with revenue generated for Nova Scotia and local municipalities.

for the Municipality of the District of Digby Sigma Energy Storage Inc. November 2018 - CONFIDENTIAL page 35 (up to 1079 tonne/year) Clean Microgrid Eco Industrial Reduction Fossil LCOE: 7.2 ¢/kWh 38 person per with Biomass CHP Park fuel c...

AI summary The document outlines a clean microgrid project with a biomass combined heat and power (CHP) system for the Municipality of the District of Digby, proposing reductions in fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, along with potential economic benefits for the municipality and Nova Scotia.

riod. Additionally, the Federal Government’s commitment to exceed the federal emissions reduction target of 30% below 2005 by 2030 is likely to drive continued reductions regionally across Canada. The ambition of potential scenarios from H...

AI summary The text discusses the potential for increased decarbonization of Nova Scotia's electricity system due to federal and municipal climate targets, including a 30% emissions reduction by 2030 and the HaliFACT 2050 plan. It also highlights the possibility of future renewable energy standards (RES) in Nova Scotia and the importance of considering the federal goal of 100% renewable electricity for government buildings by 2025.

osed by Nova Scotia, or the 2030-2040 period should be removed from this analysis entirely until such a time that clarity on future equivalency for the post-2030 period can be reached. c. Complete Coal Phase-Out Scenario Given the uncertai...

AI summary The EAC recommends removing the 2030-2040 period from analysis due to uncertainty regarding future equivalency agreements and supports a coal phase-out scenario by 2029. The EAC emphasizes the need for a just and affordable transition for affected communities and workers.

1 IV. Provision of essential grid services for system stability and reliability (slide four, row four) 2 E1 recommends the following: 3 • all CRPs that do not meet requirements for essential grid services be eliminated at the 4 reliability...

AI summary E1 recommends eliminating CRPs that fail to meet essential grid service requirements during reliability screenings and incorporating integration costs into the IRP NPV. EfficiencyOne questions how robustness is measured and suggests combining it with the 25-year NPV metric. They also recommend quantifying total emissions per CRP and clearly defining metrics for other emissions types.

1 EfficiencyOne requests clarification on the following questions regarding NS Power’s 2 environmental assumptions: 3 • Does NS Power expect to sell excess GHG credits resulting from lower emissions? If yes, 4 how will the cost of carbon (...

AI summary EfficiencyOne seeks clarification from NS Power on environmental assumptions, including the handling of GHG credits, CO2 emission caps, and the calculation of DSM avoided costs in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP). The discussion focuses on how environmental compliance costs and revenue from carbon credits are incorporated into the modeling process.

Use stochastic analysis capability to determine how NS Power will consider opportunities to run driver uncertainty affects portfolio cost; calculate stochastics if appropriate risk/benefit ratio by comparing cost of greater than average co...

AI summary The document outlines NS Power's approach to using stochastic analysis to evaluate portfolio costs and risk/benefit ratios, while also emphasizing the importance of quantifying total emissions per plan rather than comparing to an undefined base case. Emissions reductions are measured relative to 2005 actual emissions.

Scenario A Driver 1 Scenario B X Driver 2 B1 B2 B3 C1 C2 C3 Scenario C Driver 3 D1 D2 D3 Scenario D Variations such as resource costs or focus Variations likely focused on on specific resource Sensitivity Analysis coal closure timing, type...

AI summary The document outlines different scenarios (A, B, C, D) and their drivers, focusing on variations such as coal closure timing, electricity load, and carbon emission reduction levels. It also mentions sensitivity analysis and impact testing related to the 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and the modeling plan.

KEY ASSUMPTIONS & POLICY DRIVERS • NS Power has developed assumptions for all major inputs to the IRP model: • Financial • Environmental • Load • Demand Response • Demand Side Management • Imports & Transmission Environmental Policy • Supp...

AI summary NS Power has developed a comprehensive set of assumptions for the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) model, covering financial, environmental, load, demand response, and supply options. These assumptions include GHG scenarios, coal unit retirements, and stakeholder input, allowing the IRP to analyze sensitivity and build insights for monitoring resource plans.

and coal generation retirements; potential for absolute zero CO2 emissions by 2050 • Represents feedback from several stakeholder groups Sustainable Development Goals Act (Nova Scotia) 2 0 2 0 I R P I N T E R I M M O D E L I N G U P D AT E...

AI summary The text discusses key modeling scenarios in the 2020 IRP interim update, including coal generation retirements, potential for absolute zero CO2 emissions by 2050, and feedback from stakeholder groups. It references the Sustainable Development Goals Act (Nova Scotia) and the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP).

1.0 Equivalency GHG Low Elec. 2040 A - Current Landscape Base DSM Comparator 2.0 GHG targets decline Low Elec. 2040 A - Current Landscape • DSM Levels linearly from 2030 to Base DSM C - Regional Integration Net Zero 2050 0.5Mt in 2050 Low...

AI summary The text outlines various scenarios for GHG reduction targets under different electrification levels and DSM strategies, aiming for Net Zero 2050 or earlier, with varying paths and regional integration considerations.

mproves execution time and solution quality for those runs As part of the IRP, NS Power is undertaking 3 screening analyses: • Diesel CT Screening • Hydro Screening • Carbon Price Screening 2 0 2 0 I R P I N T E R I M M O D E L I N G U P D...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power is conducting three screening analyses as part of the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP): Diesel CT Screening, Hydro Screening, and Carbon Price Screening. The RESOLVE model is used to co-optimize investments and operations to minimize the net present value of the electric system cost, considering factors such as renewable energy, energy storage, transmission, and carbon pricing.

-100 Gas (CCGT) Cove’s energy primarily with 2021 2025 2035 2045 Coal coal before 2030 when emissions are not binding, and Replacement Capacity and Energy when Wreck Cove Removed – 2.1.C. with wind, imports, and gas 400 Battery CCGT after...

AI summary The text presents a comparison of energy sources, including coal, wind, imports, and gas (CCGT and peaker), over different years, highlighting the transition from coal to cleaner energy sources as emissions constraints increase after 2035.

ase Summary Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 39 of 245 Net Zero, Mid. Elec./Base DSM, Current Landscape Key Observations Metric 2035 2045  With access to firm import options, the model chooses GHG Emissions (MMT) 3.2 1.2...

AI summary The analysis in the document highlights that increased access to firm imports reduces the need for gas, wind, and battery capacity, lowers GHG emissions, and decreases the net present value of system costs. It also notes that regional integration lowers generation costs and the NPV of system costs compared to a previous scenario.

Energy Balance (GWh) Installed Capacity (MW) Annual Energy (GWh) 37 2.2.A - Case Summary Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 40 of 245 Net Zero, High Elec./Max DSM, Current Landscape Key Observations Metric 2035 2045  The h...

AI summary The document discusses the need for nearly 1 GW of additional nameplate capacity by 2045 due to high electrification forecasts. This capacity will be sourced from new gas CCGTs, CTs, wind, and batteries. GHG emissions are projected to decrease from 3.2 MMT in 2035 to 1.4 MMT in 2045, with marginal abatement costs increasing from $24 to $51 per ton.

ase Summary Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 43 of 245 Accel. Net Zero, Mid Elec./Base DSM, Current Landscape Key Observations Metric 2035 2045  The system builds more wind, solar, and batteries instead GHG Emissions (MM...

AI summary The analysis compares different energy scenarios for Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), showing that increasing wind, solar, and battery capacity leads to lower GHG emissions by 2035 and 2045. The inclusion of emerging technologies like CCS and SMR results in similar costs, but the current analysis excludes them. The NPV and average generation cost are also presented.

Energy Balance (GWh) Installed Capacity (MW) Annual Energy (GWh) 41 3.1.B - Case Summary Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 44 of 245 Accel. Net Zero, Mid Elec./Base DSM, Distributed Resources Key Observations Metric 2035 2...

AI summary The case summary discusses the impact of DERs on capacity and energy needs under high electrification scenarios, noting that DERs reduce capacity and energy needs. It also highlights the GHG emissions and marginal abatement costs, as well as the NPV of the case compared to other scenarios.

ry Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 46 of 245 Accel. Net Zero, High Elec./Max DSM, Current Landscape Key Observations Metric 2035 2045  The system relies on wind, solar, and batteries to meet the GHG Emissions (MMT) 1.4...

AI summary The analysis highlights that the Nova Scotia Power Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) under the 'Accelerated Net Zero, High Electricity/Max DSM' scenario relies heavily on wind, solar, and batteries, leading to overbuilding and renewable curtailment by 2045. GHG emissions decrease significantly, but generation costs rise, and the inclusion of technologies like CCS and SMR does not significantly alter the outcomes shown.

Gas (Conversion) HQ Imports 4,000 Gas (Peaker - New) Hydro 0 Gas Gas (CCGT - New) w/ CCS (Conversion) 2,000 -500 Gas G

AI summary The text appears to be a visual or graphical representation of energy sources and conversions, including gas, hydro, and various types of gas-based power generation such as peaker plants and combined cycle gas turbines with carbon capture and storage.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 49 of 245 Comparator, Low COVID Load, Current Landscape Key Observations Metric 2035 2045  The slight reduction in load has little impact on the GHG Emissions (MMT) 3.7 2.2 capacity addit...

AI summary The text discusses the impact of a slight reduction in load on capacity addition decisions, noting minimal changes in system costs and GHG emissions. It provides metrics such as GHG emissions, marginal abatement cost, NPV, and average generation cost for 2035 and 2045.

Gas (CCGT (Peaker- New) - New) Gas Gas (Existing) (CCGT - New) w/ CCS 0-1,000 Coal Gas (CCGT - New) 2021 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 Nuclear

AI summary The text presents a visual representation of various energy generation sources, including gas (CCGT), coal, nuclear, and others, with timelines extending from 2021 to 2045. It indicates the addition of new generation technologies such as peaker plants and the inclusion of carbon capture and storage (CCS) for gas (CCGT).

Gas (Conversion) HQ Imports 4,000 Gas (Peaker - New) Hydro 0 Gas Gas (CCGT - New) w/ CCS (Conversion) 2,000 -500 Gas G

AI summary The text presents a visual representation of energy generation and import data, including gas conversion, hydro, and new gas generation with carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies.

Annual 4,000 Hydro 6,000 Gas (Conversion) 0 Fuel Oil -500 Gas Gas (CCGT - New) w/ CCS (Conversion) Gas (Conversion) Gas (Peaker 2,000- New) Gas (CCGT

AI summary The text presents a visual representation of energy production and consumption, including figures related to hydro, gas, and fuel oil, as well as references to gas conversion and new generation technologies such as combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) with carbon capture and storage (CCS).

Gas (CCGT Gas(Peaker (Peaker- New) -1,000 4,000 -500 Gas New) New) Gas (CCGT - New) w/ CCS Gas Gas (Existing) (CCGT - New) w/ CCS Gas (CCGT - New) w/ CCS

AI summary The text presents a visual representation of various gas-related infrastructure projects, including Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) plants, peaker plants, and Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) integration, with associated capacity and cost figures.

Gas (CCGT - New) w/ CCS 0-1,000 Gas (CCGT - New) Coal Gas (CCGT - New) -1,500 2,000 Gas (CCGT - New) 2021 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 Nuclear Nuclear Nuclear Gas (Existing) Gas (Peaker) - Retirement -2,000

AI summary The text presents a visual representation of different energy generation sources, including Gas (CCGT - New) with CCS, Coal, Nuclear, and Gas (Existing), with associated costs and timelines from 2021 to 2045. It highlights the retirement of Gas (Peaker) and the inclusion of CCS technology for new CCGT plants.

early build of an NGCC unit, reducing gas peaker capacity, and reducing firm imports. Is there something about the way firm imports are characterized that needs to be reconsidered? Why is the model suggesting that it is economic to build a...

AI summary The text raises concerns about the timing and economic rationale for building new generation units, the characterization of firm imports, and the need for model adjustments to align with 2050 climate targets. It also questions the interconnection timeline and the combination of wind and storage procurement.

Additional Considerations: Importance of Increased Transparency with respect to Analysis NSPI has shared summary information regarding the results on the underlying model runs. This includes the capacity mix of the various resource portfol...

AI summary NSPI has provided limited transparency in its modeling results, making it difficult for stakeholders to understand key drivers. Questions are raised about how ancillary services are modeled, especially regarding battery performance, and whether the analysis adequately considers future carbon constraints and associated costs for fossil-based resources.

d process of the 2020 IRP, and the lack of availability for stakeholder funding and support through the NSUARB, through the NSPI-led process, or through the Nova Scotia Department of Energy and Mines. The EAC feels very strongly that this...

AI summary The text discusses concerns regarding the 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) process, highlighting the lack of stakeholder funding and support, and the need for alignment with greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets. It criticizes the absence of zero-emission scenarios and the bias towards natural gas infrastructure in the study's modeling.

ctions will ensure that this 2020 IRP positions the utility, the regulator and citizens of Nova Scotia to make informed and timely choices in the immediate future. Gaps and Opportunities in IRP 2020. Zero Emission Planning and Planning Ali...

AI summary The 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) is criticized for not adequately addressing net zero emissions scenarios, as it lacks consideration of carbon credit purchase costs and carbon sequestration. The plan's modeled trajectories do not account for the near certainty of reaching zero emissions by 2052 or earlier, and it fails to identify the costs associated with achieving true zero emissions.

ce of dramatically reduced emissions limits, the model first chooses interconnection over generation. It is entirely plausible that a zero emissions limit at 2050, 2045 or 2035 would react the same ecologyaction.ca EAC Memo July 17, 2020 P...

AI summary The text discusses the impact of reduced emissions limits on energy generation and interconnection strategies. It suggests that with access to more regional interconnection, zero emissions could be achieved faster and more cost-effectively. It also highlights the potential for consumer savings from high electrification scenarios.

ead emissions transition The IRP must consider scenarios that align with these goals, if for no other reason, to advise Halifax on the implicit costs (or savings). Import and Natural Gas Trade-offs: Scenarios that modeled regional integrat...

AI summary The Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) must consider scenarios aligned with emissions reduction goals to advise Halifax on costs or savings. Scenarios modeling regional integration suggest that interconnections like the Reliability Tie and Regional Interconnection are prioritized for meeting declining GHG limits. A third interconnection (Salsbury - Quebec HVDC) was mentioned but its role in modeled scenarios is unclear.

ration scenarios. If it were available, it is not clear that, if presented with a zero emissions case in the study window, the model might well choose it over gas generation with carbon sequestration. In addition, there is a risk that plan...

AI summary The text discusses the potential risks associated with natural gas generation in the context of emissions and climate goals. It highlights that natural gas may carry a higher carbon emissions factor due to upstream fugitive methane emissions, and that current emissions factors may not fully account for these risks. There is concern that relying on natural gas could become the most cost-effective response to declining GHG levels, despite its environmental impact.

es that have not had to be significantly considered in previous IRPs. NSPI’s consideration of T&D cost implications appears limited to avoided T&D Costs with respect to DSM7 and regional integration. Given that IRP outcomes can influence l...

AI summary Heritage Gas highlights the importance of considering the total cost implications of the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) for rate payers, emphasizing the role of natural gas distribution systems in meeting peak energy demand cost-effectively while aligning with GHG targets. The discussion also notes the limited consideration of transmission and distribution (T&D) costs in previous IRPs and the need for continued stakeholder collaboration.

Ts shown in the Modeling Results Release. Explain June 26, 2020 • They are not run frequently (<1% CF) CTs, potentially due to the infrequent operation of these facilities. The and justify these carbon costs, and indicate whether they cost...

AI summary The text discusses the replacement of diesel combustion turbines (CTs) with gas peakers in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), noting that higher Effective Load-Carrying Capacity (ELCC) for gas peakers requires more capacity to maintain reliability. It also raises questions about carbon costs and the lowest-cost non-emitting alternatives for replacing diesel CTs.

ral gas (blue bars) and diesel CTs (yellow bars) inclusive of carbon costs

AI summary The text references the inclusion of carbon costs in the analysis of natural gas and diesel combustion turbines, highlighting their impact on overall costs.

diesel CTs (yellow bars) inclusive of carbon costs For this analysis: - assume carbon costs (in $2020 CAD/tCO2e) of $50 in 2022, rising to $200 in 2030 and $500 in 2050, or explain and justify an alternative series of carbon costs; and - i...

AI summary The text discusses the inclusion of carbon costs in the analysis of diesel CTs, assuming carbon costs of $50 in 2022, rising to $200 in 2030 and $500 in 2050. It also requests the identification of assumptions regarding the future costs of analyzed resources.

natural gas CCGTs typically have much higher 3.1 and 3.2, with or without regional integration) undertake Workshop July 9, 2020 capacity factors and produce substantial GHG emissions as a result. comparative analyses by imposing a developm...

AI summary The text discusses the imprudence of developing natural gas CCGTs beyond 2025 or 2020 due to their high GHG emissions and the need to eliminate emissions from electricity by 2050. It references literature suggesting that future development of CCGTs is not economically or environmentally viable.

Combined CA-20 It is surprising to see a combined cycle built so late in the NS Power agrees that the treatment of late period builds Cycle Gas 2.2A and 2.2C cases, as well as being built in the 3.1 and 3.2 is challenging and notes that th...

AI summary The text discusses concerns about the modeling of combined cycle gas plants in the context of 2050 climate targets. It highlights uncertainty about the financial viability of these plants and the need for model modifications. NS Power acknowledges the challenge but believes these late-period builds have limited influence on the near-term resource plan.

lines the underlying requirements for these resources to relatively quickly with installed capacity on the Nova provide this service, reducing costs to customers. Scotia system, in part due to the more variable nature of the wind resource...

AI summary The analysis questions whether the end effects assessment sufficiently considers the additional costs of fossil-based resources compared to renewable ones, especially with growing carbon constraints. It also raises concerns about the assumption of an infinite reinvestment horizon and the low capacity factors of combustion turbine resources added for capacity.

it the opportunities for other 2045) represents NS Power’s view of a path to sectors to rapidly decarbonize. absolute zero in 2050. Model zero-emission cases for 2050, 2045 and 2035. A zero emissions study enables the model to compare the...

AI summary The text discusses NS Power’s modeling of pathways to achieve zero emissions by 2050, including the comparison of costs between carbon sequestration and clean energy imports, and the consideration of accelerated net zero timelines for potential long-term cost savings.

Scenarios EAC-02 The study restricts the model’s ability to add firm imports In the Regional Integration scenarios, the model is and as such biases the result towards gas turbine able to select both limited quantities of firm import Ecolog...

AI summary The study discusses how the model's restriction on adding firm imports biases results toward gas turbine construction and natural gas purchases. It also addresses the potential for non-firm energy imports and the implications of long decarbonization trajectories on emissions and cost-effectiveness.

July 2020 Category Comment # Comment NS Power Response Scenarios – net EAC-06 No carbon credit purchase costs are included to bring the net The trailing end effects costs do not include the zero zero cases to net zero. As such, these cases...

AI summary The Ecology Action Centre (EAC) comments that carbon credit purchase costs are not included in the net zero scenarios, suggesting they should be labeled 'Near-Zero' instead. NS Power responds that achieving an earlier absolute zero target would require significant changes and further study, particularly regarding reliance on imported energy and its impacts on affordability and reliability.

Import and EAC-08 Import and Natural Gas Trade-offs: The Salisbury - Quebec HVDC resource option was Natural Gas offered to the model in all Regional Integration Ecology Action Scenarios that modeled regional integration indicate that the...

AI summary The document discusses the inclusion of the Salisbury - Quebec HVDC resource option in regional integration scenarios and its potential selection over natural gas generation with carbon sequestration. It also notes that NS Power does not account for upstream fugitive emissions in its quantification standards and will monitor regulatory developments.

regulatory developments in this area and update its analysis, via the evergreen IRP process, as In addition, there is a risk that continued natural gas appropriate. purchases will ultimately carry a higher carbon emissions factor due to up...

AI summary The text discusses the risks associated with continued natural gas purchases due to potential increases in carbon emissions, particularly from upstream fugitive methane emissions. It highlights the need for NS Power to assess import options and the potential costs of transitioning to zero emissions, especially for natural gas-fired systems.

Natural Gas Quest-03 The narrative suggests a CCGT solution appears in several As part of NS Power’s draft Action Plan, it has runs. We recommend there be a fuller discussion of the costs proposed to develop a plan for the redevelopment En...

AI summary The text discusses the potential for combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) solutions in Nova Scotia's energy system, emphasizing the need for a full discussion of costs and benefits. It highlights the importance of fuel flexibility, local natural gas storage, and reliability risks associated with reliance on a single pipeline. CCGT investment is suggested as a priority for achieving a net-zero electricity system by 2050.

Current proposed metrics appear to be revenue requirement NS Power uses nominal input values, and thus a minimization over a long horizon since the modeling nominal discount rate when calculating NPVRR. calculated PVRR utilizing a real lev...

AI summary The text discusses proposed metrics for revenue requirement, GHG production, and affordability, highlighting concerns about the use of nominal versus real discount rates and the need for more detailed and consistent accounting treatment. The text also mentions the inclusion of GHG metrics and the need for annual production data.

July 2020 Category Comment # Comment NS Power Response Stranded Assets VC-01 It is counterintuitive that building 764-1170 MW of As part of NS Power’s draft Action Plan for the additional fossil fuel capacity is most appropriate. It should...

AI summary The comment questions the appropriateness of building additional fossil fuel capacity, suggesting these assets may have minimal value in a zero carbon system by 2050. NS Power responds by mentioning their draft Action Plan for redevelopment or replacement of existing gas-powered steam turbines and consideration of low/zero carbon alternatives.

, especially for those units including consideration for low/zero carbon installed in 2040 in 2.x Scenarios? alternative fuels. Resource technologies utilizing natural gas feedstock were not excluded as candidate resources. In scenarios th...

AI summary The text discusses the consideration of low/zero carbon technologies and natural gas resources in energy planning scenarios up to 2040. It notes that Combined Cycle gas units may be utilized later in the planning horizon, contingent on carbon policy developments and alternative fuel sources like hydrogen or CCS. The Plexos model does not account for stranded assets beyond the planning horizon.

orders of magnitude or directional time frames. NS Power looks forward to receiving stakeholder comments on these Draft Findings, which will then be refined for inclusion in the IRP Final Report. I R P D R A F T F I N D I N G S , R O A D M...

AI summary The draft findings emphasize the need for significant efforts across all sectors to reduce carbon emissions in line with Nova Scotia’s Sustainable Development Goals Act, with the electricity sector playing a major role. Key strategies include reliance on non-emitting electricity, demand side management, and electrification of fossil fuel-dependent end uses. Nova Scotia Power projects a substantial reduction in direct carbon emissions by 2045.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 77 of 264 IRP RESOURCE PLAN INSIGHTS Regional Integration Electrification Firm Capacity Resources Coal Retirements Reliability Tie and Regional Increased electricity sales due to New firm...

AI summary The IRP Resource Plan Insights discuss regional integration, electrification, firm capacity resources, and coal retirements. Electrification can reduce electricity rates and support carbon reductions. Firm capacity resources, like efficient combustion turbines, will replace retiring coal units, aligning with GHG emissions caps. Coal units are retiring due to declining capacity factors.

85 of 264 2.1C M I D E L E C . / B A S E D S M / N E T Z E R O 2 0 5 0 / R E G I O N A L I N T E G R AT I O N Scenario Metrics & Evaluation 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $13,141 General Notes • Reliability Tie built in 2031 (earlier than previous runs...

AI summary The document presents scenario metrics and evaluation data for a 25-year and 10-year Net Present Value of Resource Requirement (NPVRR) under various conditions, including the construction of a Reliability Tie in 2031, retirement of a coal unit in the 2020s, and reduced combined cycle units by 2040. It also highlights CO2 emissions and the integration of renewable resources in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP).

al revenue requirements 25 year NPV Revenue Requirement over the planning horizon (with and without end-effects adjustment) Average Annual Partial Rate Impact - 25-yr Magnitude and timing of electricity rate effects 10 year NPV Revenue Req...

AI summary The text outlines key evaluation criteria for assessing electricity plans, including revenue requirements, reliability, grid services, plan robustness, emissions reduction, and flexibility. It emphasizes quantitative and qualitative assessments of various aspects such as supply adequacy, essential grid services, and sensitivity to changes in assumptions.

64 1.0C L O W E L E C . / B A S E D S M / C O M PA R AT O R E M I S S I O N S / R E G I O N A L I N T E G R AT I O N Scenario Metrics & Evaluation 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $12,190 General Notes • Incremental firm imports enable an economic coal u...

AI summary The document presents scenario metrics and evaluation data for a 25-year and 10-year Net Present Value of Resource Requirements (NPVRR) under different conditions, including coal unit retirements, reliability tie construction, and regional interconnection. It also includes CO2 emissions data and mentions non-compliance with Sustainable Development Goals Act.

NGCC capacity in 2040s 2021-2045 (%) 1.0% Total CO2 Emissions 2021-2030 (MT) 44.5 Total CO2 Emissions 2031-2045 (MT) 33.2 Total CO2 Emissions 2021-2045 (MT) 77.7 11 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 120 of 264 2.0C L O W E...

AI summary The text presents data on NGCC capacity and CO2 emissions from 2021 to 2045, along with scenario metrics for the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) under the 2.0C scenario, including NPVRR values and grid reliability considerations.

Resource Adequacy & PRM 10-yr NPVRR ($MM) $6,820 • Reliability Tie: 2030 • Regional Integration: 2037 Plan Robustness & Flexibility Average Annual Partial Rate Impact • Regional Integration provides flexible ability to meet emissions const...

AI summary The document discusses resource adequacy and Peak Resource Management (PRM), including 10-year Net Present Value of Resource Requirements (NPVRR) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from 2021 to 2045. It references the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and mentions reliability tie and regional integration timelines.

otia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 123 of 264 2.1A MID ELEC. / BASE DSM / NET ZERO 2050 / CURRENT LANDSCAPE Scenario Metrics & Evaluation 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $13,353 General Notes • Reliability Tie built in 2031 enables wind integra...

AI summary The text discusses the Nova Scotia Power Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Final Report, focusing on scenario metrics and evaluation related to the 25-yr and 10-yr Net Present Value of Resource Requirements (NPVRR), reliability, resource adequacy, CO2 emissions, and grid services. Key factors include the impact of wind integration, gas capacity, and coal unit conversions.

converted to gas in 2037 Essential Grid Services 10-yr NPVRR ($MM) $8,232 • Essential Grid Service requirements are met as modeled Resource Adequacy & PRM • Reliability Tie: 2030 Average Annual Partial Rate Impact • Regional Integration: n...

AI summary The document discusses the Essential Grid Services, Resource Adequacy & PRM, and Plan Robustness & Flexibility, highlighting the 10-year NPVRR, average annual partial rate impact, and CO2 emissions from 2021 to 2045. It outlines the reliance on natural gas and the limited ability to adjust supply sources.

age 131 of 264 2.2C H I G H E L E C . / B A S E D S M / N E T Z E R O 2 0 5 0 / R E G I O N A L I N T E G R AT I O N Scenario Metrics & Evaluation 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $15,380 General Notes • Reliability Tie & Regional Interconnection built i...

AI summary The text presents scenario metrics and evaluation data from Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Final Report, including Net Present Value of Resource Requirements (NPVRR), CO2 emissions, and key project timelines such as the Reliability Tie and Regional Interconnection built in 2031, as well as coal-to-gas conversions in 2037 and 2040.

264 3.1C M I D E L E C . / B A S E D S M / A C C E L . N E T Z E R O 2 0 4 5 / R E G I O N A L I N T E G R AT I O N Scenario Metrics & Evaluation 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $13,734 General Notes • 1 coal to gas conversion in 2030 • Regional Interco...

AI summary The text presents scenario metrics and evaluation data from an Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) by Nova Scotia Power, including Net Present Value of Resource Requirements (NPVRR), CO2 emissions, and details about energy resource deployment, such as coal-to-gas conversions, solar additions, and regional interconnection builds.

25-yr NPVRR w/ End Effects ($MM) $16,888 $16,609 • NPVRR is increased relative to Base DSM case for all three time periods Essential Grid Services 10-yr NPVRR ($MM) $7,199 $6,831 • No significant change relative to 2.0A Resource Adequacy &...

AI summary The text presents financial and environmental metrics related to a demand-side management (DSM) plan, showing changes in net present value of resource requirements (NPVRR) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions over different time periods. It also references the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and mentions a comparison of new installed capacity by 2045.

676 $6,820 end effects are considered relative to 2.0C Base DSM indicating the solutions are very close economically Essential Grid Services Average Annual Partial Rate Impact • No change relative to 2.0C 2021-2030 (%) 0.3% 0.9% 2021-2045...

AI summary The text presents a comparison of CO2 emissions and grid services under different scenarios, including the 2.0C DSM-5 (Mid DSM) plan. It highlights minimal changes in reliability and grid services, with a focus on emissions reductions and the integration of regional resources by 2037.

Adequacy & PRM 2021-2030 (%) 1.8% 0.9% • Reliability Tie: 2034 2021-2045 (%) 1.2% 0.9% • Regional Integration: 2040 Total CO2 Emissions 2021-2030 (MT) 38.4 40.7 Plan Robustness & Flexibility Total CO2 Emissions 2031-2045 (MT) 23.7 24.3 • N...

AI summary The document discusses reliability targets and carbon emissions for Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) from 2021 to 2045, highlighting reliability tie timelines and CO2 emissions projections. It also references the MID DSM and Net Zero 2045 initiatives, along with regional integration efforts.

ree time periods Essential Grid Services 10-yr NPVRR ($MM) $7,524 $7,224 • No change relative to 3.1C Resource Adequacy & PRM • Reliability Tie: 2029 Average Annual Partial Rate Impact • Regional Integration: 2030 2021-2030 (%) 1.9% 1.4% 2...

AI summary The text presents data on essential grid services, resource adequacy, and carbon emissions under different scenarios. It includes NPVRR values, partial rate impacts, and CO2 emissions for the periods 2021-2030 and 2031-2045. The appendix also references a wind cost scenario and compares new installed capacity in 2045.

25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $12,978 $13,141 General Notes • Low wind price advances build of significant wind quantities from 2030 in base case to 2025; Reliability Tie is advanced as well to enable integration • Earlier build of Regional Interconne...

AI summary The document compares 25-year and 10-year Net Present Value of Resource Requirements (NPVRR) under different scenarios, highlighting the impact of earlier wind energy development, Regional Interconnection, and coal unit retirements on emissions and costs. It notes reduced CO2 emissions in the 2020s and minimal changes in 2045 resource plans.

Scenario Metrics & Evaluation Sensitivity Base (2.1C) 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $13,086 $13,141 General Notes • In general, resource plan changes are similar to what is seen in 2.1C.WIND-1 sensitivity but more pronounced • Low wind and battery pri...

AI summary The document presents sensitivity analysis of 25-yr and 10-yr NPVRR under different scenarios, highlighting changes in resource plans, including increased wind energy, coal unit retirements, and reliability tie advancements. These changes influence CO2 emissions and partial rate impacts over time.

(%) 0.5% 0.6% • NPVRR is reduced relative to 3.1C in two of three metrics, slightly higher in 10-yr NPV due 2021-2045 (%) 0.6% 0.7% to advancement of investment Essential Grid Services Total CO2 Emissions 2021-2030 (MT) 26.8 41.8 • No chan...

AI summary The document discusses the impact of the 2.1C.WIND-3 scenario on CO2 emissions and resource adequacy, noting a reduction in NPVRR in some metrics and the need for further consideration of flexibility in import energy to balance increased wind capacity. It also highlights the importance of regional integration and reliability ties by 2023 and 2036.

ment and replacement energy costs, NPVs incorporating MT/ST Production 10-yr NPVRR ($MM) $7,049 $7,067 Costs are not significantly lower than the base scenario 2.1C Essential Grid Services • This run is intended as a test case to understan...

AI summary The text discusses the financial and environmental impacts of different energy planning scenarios, highlighting that energy costs and CO2 emissions are higher in certain cases. It also explores the performance of the model under extreme conditions, such as no inertia and no wind integration, and emphasizes the importance of flexibility in resource planning.

• No change relative to 2.1C 2021-2030 (%) 0.9% 0.6% 2021-2045 (%) 0.7% 0.7% Resource Adequacy & PRM • Reliability Tie: 2024 Total CO2 Emissions 2021-2030 (MT) 43.5 41.8 • Regional Integration: 2026 Total CO2 Emissions 2031-2045 (MT) 35.1...

AI summary The text presents emission reduction targets and resource adequacy plans for Nova Scotia Power, including CO2 emissions reductions from 2021-2030 and 2031-2045, as well as key milestones such as the Reliability Tie in 2024 and Regional Integration in 2026. It also references a scenario evaluation under the Base (2.0A) sensitivity.

Power should present more evidence and findings on this topic in its final report, or its action plan should set out a plan for investigating these issues further before investing in planning for the reliability intertie. Additional Findin...

AI summary The document highlights the need for NS Power to provide more evidence on solar generation in its IRP findings and to address questions regarding the impact of the COVID-19 recession on load. It also raises concerns about the assumptions made regarding the carbon emissions of imported power and the role of firm and non-firm imports in meeting carbon limits.

1. Nova Scotia’s Sustainable Development Goals Act is a significant milestone in the province’s climate plans, and actions adhering to these emission goals is a welcome scenario. The EAC supports the notion of a steep reduction in reducing...

AI summary The text discusses Nova Scotia's Sustainable Development Goals Act and the importance of studying zero-emission scenarios. It highlights the benefits of firm capacity imports and grid reliability improvements, while expressing concerns about the risks of relying on gas turbine infrastructure and natural gas purchases due to potential carbon emissions.

ions associated with upstream fugitive methane emissions. While not currently accounted for under this IRP process, there is a clear risk that at some point in time they will be included as regulators seek to achieve real emission reductio...

AI summary The text discusses the potential inclusion of upstream fugitive methane emissions in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) process, highlighting the environmental impact of natural gas compared to coal. It also emphasizes the benefits of an accelerated coal phase-out, including job creation and health benefits, while noting the initial higher costs associated with this approach.

tel. 902.429.2202 2705 Fern Lane, fax. 902.405.3716 Halifax, NS, B3K 4L3 analysis indicates that an accelerated phase-out would avoid 89 premature deaths, 8,000 asthma episodes and 58,000 days of breathing difficulty for Nova Scotians, amo...

AI summary The text discusses the benefits of an accelerated phase-out of coal by 2030, including reduced health impacts and environmental benefits. It also comments on the Draft Action Plan, supporting the development of a Regional Integration Strategy and the electrification of the grid to reduce carbon emissions and stabilize the power system.

tel. 902.429.2202 2705 Fern Lane, fax. 902.405.3716 Halifax, NS, B3K 4L3 According to the Rate impact Comparison (Select Scenarios), it is shown that High Electrification scenarios 2.2 C and 2.2 C S1 achieve lower rates as compared to sele...

AI summary The text discusses the benefits of electrification on rates, the decommissioning of thermal units, the need for a comprehensive coal unit retirement plan, and the importance of wind and battery storage for carbon neutrality. It also mentions the need for an evergreen IRP process to refine findings and action plans.

in this area: “Monitor the development of low/zero carbon fuels that could replace natural gas in powering generating units to provide firm, in-province capacity beyond 2050.”9 Recently the Offshore Energy Research Association (“OERA”), Li...

AI summary The text discusses the need to monitor low/zero carbon fuels to replace natural gas in generating units beyond 2050. It highlights the engagement of OERA, Liberty Utilities, Heritage Gas, and the provincial Department of Energy & Mines with Zen Energy Solutions to assess hydrogen's potential in Nova Scotia. The Action Plan should consider replacing liquid-fueled CTs with gas-fired CTs, include timelines for coal-to-gas conversions, and identify hydrogen as a means to meet GHG reduction targets.

ility-study-evaluate-hydrogen-production-storage-distribution-and-use September 18, 2020 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 213 of 264 Page 6 incremental to those available through the Maritime Link. To meet the lower carbo...

AI summary The document discusses the need for Nova Scotia's electrical grid to rely on firm dispatchable energy and investment in the NS-NB tie-line to meet lower carbon intensity goals. NSPI has not provided key assumptions about imports, such as costs or carbon intensity, and no commercial agreements are in place. Heritage Gas appreciates the opportunity to comment and supports continued collaboration.

2020) • IRP Modeling Results Table (2020-09-02). Key observations are summarised in the Executive Summary below. Issues are discussed in more detail in sections 1 through 5. Executive Summary • A major transformation of the existing genera...

AI summary A major transformation of Nova Scotia’s generation resource base is required to meet carbon reduction goals, including integrating more intermittent renewable energy. Higher electrification scenarios are seen as beneficial for reducing electricity rates and supporting broader emissions policy objectives.

. Even before consideration of the “low wind cost” sensitivities, several scenarios, including those identified as resulting in lower electricity rates, have substantially higher wind volumes. • CO2 levels vary widely between scenarios. Th...

AI summary The analysis highlights that scenarios with lower electricity rates involve higher wind volumes and varying CO2 levels. Lower CO2 emissions are valued for risk mitigation and promoting electrification in other sectors. The document recommends further consideration of risk assessment to identify resilient scenarios, particularly those with higher renewables and lower emissions.

y, its reasons for not adopting what is best practice (and indeed increasingly standard practice) in other jurisdictions integrating higher levels of intermittent, non-synchronous renewables. 2 Page Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appen...

AI summary The text discusses the need for significant efforts to achieve carbon emissions reductions in line with Nova Scotia's Sustainable Development Goals Act, including the integration of higher volumes of intermittent, non-synchronous renewable energy resources. It highlights that similar transitions have been achieved in other jurisdictions and outlines the build-out rate of new wind capacity.

isassociating the battery requirements. There are also benefits (not currently monetised) from reduced CO2 submissions in the cases with higher wind build-out. This is discussed further in section 4. In summary, the findings from the “low...

AI summary The text discusses variations in CO2 emissions across different scenarios, with 'low wind cost' scenarios showing significantly lower emissions compared to the base case. It also highlights the importance of further analysis on the transition price point for wind capacity and recommends dissociating battery and synch comp costs from wind capacity to encourage more wind build-out.

Ltd. CO2 emissions 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 2025 2021 2022 2023 2024 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 2.1C 2.1C.WIND-1 (Low Wind Cost) 2.1C.WIND-2 (Low Wind & Batter...

AI summary The text discusses CO2 emissions projections for different scenarios, noting that the benefits of lower emissions are not currently monetized in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) modelling approach. It references a European approach where such benefits are directly monetized.

ue of lower CO2 levels, including in relation to overall emissions policy goals. Also even if not directly monetizable, there is a definite value in lower CO2 scenarios as a risk mitigation strategy: • In a scenario where CO2 is “only just...

AI summary The text discusses the value of lower CO2 levels in electricity generation as a risk mitigation strategy, highlighting how lower carbon intensity can support emissions reduction goals and promote electrification, which may lead to lower electricity rates. It also outlines NSP's approach to identifying common actions across scenarios in its draft action plan.

on varying assumptions about the completion date for a reliability intertie. quickly as possible and inform future resource procurement and development activities. NS Power has committed to further develop its Regional Integration Strategy...

AI summary The text discusses NS Power's Regional Integration Strategy and the role of firm and non-firm imports in meeting carbon emission limits. It questions whether the IRP model's preference for wind over solar is solely due to this factor and raises concerns about the emissions profile of imports from non-Canadian markets.

NPV E1 In the Roadmap, NS Power has committed to tracking the ongoing development of the Nova Scotia Cap (2) The IRP results should modify the NPV revenue requirement calculation on the basis of and-Trade Program, including auction results...

AI summary NS Power is considering the impact of carbon revenues on the NPV revenue requirement calculation in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP). The document highlights the importance of tracking the Nova Scotia Cap-and-Trade Program and monitoring GHG market size. It also notes the potential impact of carbon pricing on resource planning decisions, including non-emitting generation procurement and coal retirement.

emissions to align with net-zero carbon scenario. Therefore, it would be prudent to have a future-proof plan ready for deployment. Transmission EAC Access to firm capacity imports from the Maritime provinces and Quebec would be highly NS P...

AI summary The text discusses the importance of aligning emissions with a net-zero carbon scenario and the need for a future-proof plan. It also highlights the role of wind energy and the potential benefits of firm capacity imports from the Maritime provinces and Quebec. NS Power acknowledges the value of the Reliability Tie and the integration of renewable energy sources.

s, among other benefits. An accelerated phase-out of coal by 2030 would be a favorable long-term strategy for the province and its peoples. Regional Integration EAC NS Power agrees. The optimization model does consider both the economic op...

AI summary The EAC supports Nova Scotia Power's Regional Integration Strategy and accelerated coal phase-out by 2030. NS Power agrees but emphasizes that the IRP did not quantify benefits beyond the electricity sector. Electrification is acknowledged as a key enabler of decarbonization.

carbon intensive fuels. economy-wide decarbonization in support of provincial goals and targets. Draft Action Plan statement 2 and Finding 1 b) are significant and would stand to benefit from stronger advocacy: “Increased electricity sales...

AI summary The text discusses the potential benefits of increased electricity sales due to electrification, including reducing upward pressure on electricity rates and supporting carbon reductions in other sectors. It also references a Draft Action Plan and Finding related to economy-wide decarbonization efforts.

red fast assets. NS Power welcomes more specific examples of successful wind and battery integration at non- acting peakers would reveal that battery storage would be the right direction to proceed significant cost. in terms of reaching ca...

AI summary NS Power discusses the need for battery storage in achieving carbon neutrality and mentions the regulatory framework's consideration of upstream methane emissions. It also notes the limited capacity of organizations like the EAC to participate due to funding and process limitations in the 2020 IRP.

ion. emissions in the province in order to meet the SDGA net-zero 2050 target. NS Power will continue to monitor new technologies that can contribute to firm capacity and energy // production for the Nova Scotia system, and has included co...

AI summary NS Power is exploring hydrogen's potential in meeting Nova Scotia's net-zero 2050 target, as outlined in the SDGA. The Action Plan should consider replacing liquid-fueled CTs with gas-fired CTs for cost-effective firm capacity. The Offshore Energy Research Association and other stakeholders are involved in hydrogen research.

• The Action Plan and Roadmap should specifically identify hydrogen as a means to assist NS Power will continue to monitor new technologies that can contribute to firm capacity and energy the province in meeting the GHG reduction targets e...

AI summary The document discusses the importance of hydrogen in meeting GHG reduction targets under the SDGA and mentions NS Power's consideration of low/zero carbon fuels in the redevelopment of natural gas-powered steam turbines. It also highlights changes in the IRP, including the separation of capacity from energy and a potential focus on electricity growth.

This does lead us to believe that more wind now is the answer, and that the way to unlock these saving for the rate payers and the utility is to look to other jurisdictions that have large wind resources in use and adopt some of their oper...

AI summary The text discusses the need for a major transformation of Nova Scotia's generation resource base to integrate higher volumes of intermittent renewable energy, particularly wind. NS Power agrees with the need for significant carbon emissions reductions aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals Act and references successful transitions in other jurisdictions.

n Plan (Action Plan Item 2). as it supports decarbonisation of other sectors (transport, heat). It is recommended that this point is emphasised strongly in the findings and is considered in NSP’s action plan. Wind (additional Natural Sensi...

AI summary The document highlights the impact of lower wind costs on the resource plan, suggesting that significantly more wind capacity (around 600 MW) may be added by 2023–2025. This would lead to lower CO2 emissions and requires further analysis to understand the transition price points. The findings should emphasize the role of wind in decarbonizing other sectors.

It can also be observed from experience in other jurisdictions, that the lower the carbon intensity (CO2/MWh) of the electricity sector, the more it becomes a “strategy of choice” for other sectors (transport, heat) to achieve their emissi...

AI summary The text discusses the importance of lowering the carbon intensity of Nova Scotia's electricity sector to support emissions reduction in other sectors and promote electrification, which can lead to lower electricity rates. It also highlights the need for risk assessment in developing an Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) based on low-cost scenarios that consider various future sensitivities.

such as high fossil fuel costs, high emission costs (or tightening of emissions limits), or higher demand growth/electrification (potentially resulting in breaches of emissions limits). It is recommended that this type of analysis is consi...

AI summary The text discusses the importance of considering scenarios with high renewable energy and low CO2 emissions as 'low regret' strategies, which perform well across various future conditions such as high fossil fuel costs, emission costs, and demand growth. These scenarios are seen as more resilient to potential variables.

, high emission costs (or tightening of emissions limits), or higher demand growth/electrification (potentially causing breaches of emissions limits).

AI summary The text discusses potential challenges related to high emission costs, tightening emissions limits, and increased demand growth or electrification, which could lead to breaches of emissions limits.

d. NS Power’s action plan should include a specific commitment to develop and propose transportation and building electrification pilot projects. (Page 10) e. NS Power should include in the Final IRP Report an order of magnitude estimate o...

AI summary The text outlines several requirements for NS Power, including the development of electrification pilot projects, updating the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) with cost estimates and benefits, and incorporating environmental considerations like CO2 shadow prices into future modeling. It also highlights the need for improved documentation and alignment with regulatory guidelines.

ue. 32 We recommend that NS Power go further, incorporating a CO2 price into its future IRP modeling. Such a CO2 value may well be material to the evaluation of bids in an all-source RFP, for example. Evergreen IRP process This IRP is bein...

AI summary The text recommends incorporating a CO2 price into NS Power's future Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) modeling. It also critiques the long interval between IRP updates and suggests an 'evergreen' planning process with frequent annual updates and stakeholder engagement to refine the approach.

effects, as well as mixed effects on other metrics, when compared to Base DSM; Low DSM levels are shown to reduce relative rate impact, while Mid DSM levels are shown to reduce new capacity requirements and GHG emissions, both at a higher...

AI summary The text discusses the impact of different Demand-Side Management (DSM) levels on rate impact, capacity requirements, and GHG emissions within the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP). It highlights the economic benefits of the Base DSM profile and recommends incorporating sensitivity analyses into future DSM program development. The text also requests modeling the impact of carbon prices and avoided transmission and distribution (T&D) costs on NPVRR.

ng horizon (adjusted for end-effects). NS Power will continue to use this primary metric to guide resource planning, and will also assess others of increasing importance, including: - Magnitude and timing of electricity rate effects; - Rel...

AI summary NS Power will use a primary metric for resource planning and evaluate secondary metrics such as electricity rate effects, reliability, grid services, plan robustness, GHG emissions, and flexibility. These evaluation criteria have evolved since the Terms of Reference were presented.

2. The inability to assess the weighting relationship between the primary objective of developing a plan that seeks to minimize the cumulative present value of the annual revenue requirements over the 25-year planning horizon (adjusted for...

AI summary The text discusses challenges in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) process, particularly the lack of clarity in evaluating secondary metrics such as GHG emissions and rates. It highlights concerns about the methodology used for rate analysis and suggests minimizing objective decision-making based on secondary metrics to ensure a focus on the lowest-cost path for the electricity system.

negative (avoided) cost against the original NPVRR w/EE of the 2.0C sensitivity cases originally studied. The right-most column shows the adjusted total NPVRR w/EE after considering the avoided costs. The aggregate effects of carbon pricin...

AI summary The analysis highlights risks associated with the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) due to heavy reliance on market-based imports and untested natural gas import methods. A sensitivity analysis shows that higher natural gas and import prices could increase revenue requirements by 8.5%, making the regional integration plan less economical compared to local resource development.

3 POTENTIAL CAUSES OF OVERFORECASTING To be clear, the pattern of overcasting is not unique to BC Hydro. Our research reveals that other utilities and system operators also persistently and substantially overestimate long-term requirements...

AI summary The text discusses the issue of overforecasting in long-term energy planning, noting that it is not unique to BC Hydro. It highlights risk asymmetry bias, where reliability has historically taken precedence over cost-effectiveness and environmental concerns. With changing market conditions, overforecasting now leads to unnecessary investments and rate increases, impacting the low-carbon electrification transition.

ons) to ensure system reliability during “stressed” system states, as an alternative to imposing additional capital costs. Such approaches are widely deployed on other power systems.  Capital costs of Wind: Tracking of the installed costs...

AI summary The text discusses alternative approaches to ensuring system reliability without additional capital costs and highlights the importance of tracking capital costs of wind, solar, and energy storage. It also emphasizes the need to consider the monetary value of emissions reduction through the Nova Scotia Cap-and-Trade Program.

economy can electrify more easily and readily than other necessary in supporting renewable integration in the sectors. In sectors that cannot efficiently electrify given province… the state of technology or other prohibitive factors, other...

AI summary The text discusses the importance of electrification and other clean energy options in meeting Nova Scotia's decarbonization goals. It highlights the role of hydrogen and renewable natural gas in achieving SDGA emissions targets, referencing the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and stakeholder engagement in assessing hydrogen's potential.

are challenging to cost-effectively electrify. These include heavy vehicle transportation, industrial and institutional processes. Therefore, in addition to the role of natural gas in supporting the transition of the electrical grid, the i...

AI summary The text discusses the role of natural gas infrastructure in supporting the transition of the electrical grid and reducing GHG emissions, with a focus on integrating the electrical grid with the natural gas pipeline network to increase reliability and lower energy costs. It also mentions the potential of hydrogen and renewable natural gas (RNG) in supporting the net-zero emissions target.

Category Participant Comment NS Power Response decarbonization”. Notwithstanding the Pathways analysis, all of NS Power’s scenarios are considered to be SDGA compliant (with the exception of the Comparator Scenario). The IRP modeling perio...

AI summary NS Power discusses its compliance with the SDGA and the implications of implementing DERs as outlined in HalifACT. The IRP modeling period spans 2021-2045, with projected emissions reductions to 0.5 to 0MT of CO2 by 2050. NS Power acknowledges HRM's concerns regarding DERs and their alignment with HalifACT.

to apply conceptual values to incremental emissions in Program, and in particular, monitoring the GHG market the IRP scenarios. As NS Power has provided the cost and size for indications that value from incremental emissions profiles for a...

AI summary The text discusses the importance of applying conceptual values to incremental GHG emissions in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) scenarios, emphasizing how this can influence resource planning decisions and the optimal procurement of non-emitting generation. NS Power has provided cost and emissions profiles for all scenarios, enabling interested parties to conduct independent analyses.

sing a proposed retirement? What will be the decision metrics that will be used to determine retirement timing? Future steps / SBA Gas conversions: The draft IRP notes that coal-to-gas NS Power has committed to advancing the engineering Co...

AI summary The text discusses the proposed coal-to-gas conversions in Nova Scotia's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and the need for a framework to evaluate their economic viability. It raises concerns about potential stranded costs if non-emitting alternatives become more economical and asks about a breakeven point for switching to non-emitting options.

of affordability and timing of electricity rates, which was included in the IRP Terms of Reference. Efficiency One Market price of carbon. Show results with GHG price Item 10 ($24 & $50) in report NS Power has not modeled the monetization...

AI summary The document discusses the inclusion of the market price of carbon and avoided transmission and distribution (T&D) costs in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP). NS Power has not modeled GHG credits in the current IRP but plans to evaluate them in the future. The inclusion of avoided T&D costs did not change the relative rankings of scenarios or DSM sensitivities.

FINDING STAKEHOLDER STAKEHOLDER COMMENT REFERENCE achieve lower emissions and reduce costs to the benefit of all ratepayers.’ JFS Hydrostor No comment n/a Natural Supportive: 2020-11-13; p. XX Forces -‘While this is almost certainly correc...

AI summary The stakeholder comments highlight the potential of the electricity sector to facilitate decarbonization of other sectors through electrification without increasing electricity rates. Natural Forces supports this view and emphasizes the need for significant transformation of the generation resource base to meet Nova Scotia’s emission reduction goals.

bon reductions in other sectors.”)’ Town of See comment on overall Finding 1. n/a Wolfville 1c. Nova Scotia Power’s direct carbon emissions are AREA No comment n/a reduced to between 0.5 Mt and 1.4 Mt per year by CA No comment n/a 2045 in...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power's direct carbon emissions are projected to decrease significantly by 2045, with reductions ranging between 0.5 Mt and 1.4 Mt per year, representing an 87-95 percent reduction from 2005 levels. The Electricity Advisory Council suggests that fully decarbonizing the utility and achieving net-zero emissions should be examined in terms of cost requirements.

FINDING STAKEHOLDER STAKEHOLDER COMMENT REFERENCE a) as a risk mitigation strategy against upward pressure on emissions levels from additional demand growth, or further downward revisions in emission targets; and, b) as can be observed fro...

AI summary The text discusses the importance of lowering the carbon intensity of the electricity sector to promote electrification in other sectors, reduce electricity rates, and support emissions policy objectives. It also suggests that differences in CO2 levels should be clearly highlighted for stakeholder consideration.

the Short-Term Action Plan, including the treatment of plant retirements, economic retirement of one coal unit in the near demand response, and DSM avoided cost calculation term, as early as 2023, and some plans see economic methods.’ reti...

AI summary The text discusses the economic retirement of coal units in Nova Scotia, with one unit potentially retiring as early as 2023 and a second by 2030. It highlights the need for new capacity to offset retiring coal units, lower carbon emissions, and meet growing electricity demand. The text also mentions exploring alternatives to transmission connections, such as acquiring more wind resources and retiring steam plants sooner to reduce costs.

ROADMAP ITEM STAKEHOLDE STAKEHOLDER COMMENT REFERENCE R 5. Continue to track the installed costs of wind, solar, CA Need to explain lack of solar in resource plans 2020-09-18; p 4/13 and energy storage to look for variations from the CanRE...

AI summary The text discusses tracking the installed costs of wind, solar, and energy storage, and the development of Nova Scotia's Cap-and-Trade Program. Stakeholders suggest incorporating demand-side management as a signpost and incorporating shadow prices for emissions. There is a focus on monitoring divergence from IRP pricing scenarios and the economic implications of DER adoption.

c Suggests availability (sale) of carbon allowances may affect 2020-11-13; p. 12/16 emissions reductions shown in the IRP results) can be selection of a lowest cost plan; supports monitoring incorporated into long-term resource planning de...

AI summary The text discusses the importance of considering carbon allowance availability in long-term resource planning, the need to monetize benefits of lower emissions, and the monitoring of electrification growth in Nova Scotia. It also highlights the need for refining the Action Plan and Roadmap through an ongoing Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) process.

General Cost Drivers NSUARB Role The extensive planning effort by Nova Scotia Power created a credible plan with multiple pathways to substantially reduce carbon emissions over the next two decades. Consideration of the impact of electrifi...

AI summary The text discusses the role of Nova Scotia Power in creating a credible plan to reduce carbon emissions through electrification, emphasizing the impact of electrification on utility costs. It also highlights the need for collaboration between the Board, NS Power, and government officials on electrification programs and policies.