Topic:"Electricity Generation" in M08929

ystems include Annapolis, Gaspereau 29 Lake on the Black River System, Mersey, and St. Margaret’s Bay. Individual forecasts 30 for these systems are outlined below in Section 3. 10 REDACTED (CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION REMOVED) Hydro Asset St...

AI summary The text references hydro systems including Annapolis, Gaspereau Lake, Mersey, and St. Margaret’s Bay, with individual forecasts outlined in Section 3. The content is partially redacted, limiting detailed discussion.

58 365 597,138 White Rock Main Dam and Spillway 39 274 850,204 White Rock Canal 30 5,000 23,760 3,597,038 2.8 The Dickie Brook Hydroelectric System The Dickie Brook Hydroelectric System was constructed in southeastern Nova Scotia in the 19...

AI summary The text provides details about the White Rock Main Dam and Spillway, White Rock Canal, and the Dickie Brook Hydroelectric System in Nova Scotia, including their capacities and construction history.

0 152 Included Tom Wallace Dam 6 173 Included 2.17 The St. Margaret’s Bay Hydroelectric System The Mersey Hydroelectric System was constructed in south-central Nova Scotia from 1917 continuing into the 1920s. It consists of three generatin...

AI summary The text describes the Mersey Hydroelectric System in Nova Scotia, including its construction history, generating capacity, and infrastructure components such as reservoirs, dams, and powerhouses.

generation. This is the first and only functioning and fully operational tidal power generating station in the Americas. Providing approximately 20 MW of capacity, the Annapolis Tidal Facility generates twice daily on the ebb tide, utilizi...

AI summary The Annapolis Tidal Facility is the first and only fully operational tidal power generating station in the Americas, providing approximately 20 MW of capacity. It uses the ebb tide to generate electricity twice daily, with water flowing through a turbine system and exiting via the main outlet and tailrace.

1 TABLE OF FIGURES 2 3 Figure 1: Net System Requirement with Future DSM Program Effects (actuals are not adjusted for 4 weather) .................................................................................................................

AI summary The document lists figures analyzing demand-side management (DSM) program impacts on system requirements, generating capacity, energy mix forecasts, and infrastructure investments. Key themes include DSM effects on peak demand, firm generating capability, energy mix trends, and transmission/distribution interconnection queues.

2,245 -0.2% 2028 168 2,070 2,239 -0.3% 2029 168 2,060 2,228 -0.5% 8 Forecast value DATE FILED: July 2, 2019 Page 9 of 67 2019 Ten-Year System Outlook NON-CONFIDENTIAL 1 3.0 GENERATION RESOURCES 2 3 3.1 Existing Generation Resources 4 5 Nov...

AI summary Nova Scotia's generation portfolio includes coal, oil, gas, biomass, wind, tidal, and hydro, with NS Power importing power via interties. The Renewable Electricity Standard (RES) has increased variable renewable energy production, but these resources provide less firm capacity than conventional units, which still meet most firm capacity needs.

stations/systems along with their fuel types. It has been updated to include 20 changes and additions to the IPPs and renewables effective up to the filing date of this 21 report. DATE FILED: July 2, 2019 Page 10 of 67 2019 Ten-Year System...

AI summary The document updates information on Independent Power Producers (IPPs) and renewable energy sources up to July 2, 2019, and includes a figure detailing 2019 firm generating capability for NS Power and IPPs.

2019 Ten-Year System Outlook NON-CONFIDENTIAL 1 Figure 3: 2019 Firm Generating Capability for NS Power and IPPs

AI summary The 2019 Ten-Year System Outlook document includes Figure 3, which illustrates the firm generating capability for NS Power and Independent Power Producers (IPPs) in 2019, highlighting their respective electricity generation capacities.

Winter Net Facility Fuel Type Capacity (MW) Avon Hydro 6.8 Black River Hydro 22.5 Lequille System Hydro 24.2 Bear River System Hydro 37.4 Tusket Hydro 2.4 Mersey System Hydro 42.5 St. Margaret’s Bay Hydro 10.8 Sheet Harbour Hydro 10.8 Dick...

AI summary The text lists hydroelectric and thermal power facilities in Nova Scotia with their capacities, highlighting hydro's dominance (377.1 MW total) and the presence of thermal plants like Tufts Cove (318 MW) and Trenton (partial data).

377.1 Tufts Cove Heavy Fuel Oil/Natural Gas 318 Trenton Coal/Pet Coke/Heavy Fuel Oil 304 Point Tupper Coal/Pet Coke/Heavy Fuel Oil 150 Lingan Coal/Pet Coke/Heavy Fuel Oil 607 Coal/Pet Coke & Limestone Sorbent Point Aconi 168 (CFB) Total St...

AI summary The document lists power generation units in Nova Scotia with their fuel types and capacities, including the Annapolis Tidal unit's firm capacity based on average peak performance. It references the 2019 Ten-Year System Outlook and is dated July 2, 2019, as part of a regulatory filing.

Ranges) < 10 25 - 50 25 - 50 10 - 25 10 - 25 10 - 25 10 - 25 10 - 25 10 - 25 10 - 25 Service Hours 7524 6581 6316 7104 6823 7147 6662 6651 6913 7287 Lingan 4 Capacity Factor (%) 62 44 41 43 43 36 36 39 36 35 Unit Cycles (Ranges) < 10 25 -...

AI summary The text presents operational metrics for multiple power generation units, including service hours, capacity factors, and unit cycles, indicating performance data for facilities such as Lingan 4, Point Aconi, Point Tupper, and Trenton 5 over specified ranges.

) 10 - 25 10 - 25 < 10 10 - 25 10 - 25 10 - 25 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 Service Hours 1942 1527 837 1718 1493 1107 721 486 562 634 Trenton 6 Capacity Factor (%) 26 19 23 36 38 30 34 36 34 32 Unit Cycles (Ranges) 10 - 25 10 - 25 10 - 25 10 - 25...

AI summary The text presents operational data for multiple power generation units (Trenton 6, Tufts Cove 1-3), including capacity factors (%), unit cycle ranges, and service hours across different time periods. Metrics indicate varying performance levels, with some units showing low capacity factors and service hours.

agreement are under discussion between the Province and the 26 Government of Canada, and NS Power is providing input to that process as required. The 27 potential outcomes of these discussions include a range of unit retention or retiremen...

AI summary NS Power is involved in negotiations regarding the Equivalency Agreement under the Federal Coal-fired Generation of Electricity Regulations. Lingan Unit 2 is planned for retirement once the Nova Scotia Block of energy from Muskrat Falls becomes available, expected in 2020.

2019 Page 54 of 67 2019 Ten-Year System Outlook NON-CONFIDENTIAL

AI summary The 2019 Ten-Year System Outlook provides a long-term view of the Bulk Electric System (BES) and outlines key considerations for the future of electricity generation, transmission, and distribution in Nova Scotia.

12 of 487 with renewables have limitations due to the long duration requirements the storage would need to provide in order to ensure load would be served during the entire timeframe of the peak. In order to ensure the peak demands of the...

AI summary The text discusses the limitations of renewable energy with storage due to long duration requirements and emphasizes the importance of quantifying the contribution of each resource, particularly through the Effective Load Carrying Capability (ELCC) and Loss of Load Expectation (LOLE) methodologies. These methods help determine the guaranteed capacity of renewable resources to ensure reliable system operation during peak demand periods.

al method for calculating the capacity value or ELCC of renewables. The results of these ELCC calculations are included in the Capacity Study (Attachment 17). 3.3 Supply Options Study (Attachment 18) In the Supply Options Study, E3 has con...

AI summary The document discusses the method for calculating the capacity value or ELCC of renewables, and the Supply Options Study conducted by E3, which includes cost estimates for new bulk grid supply options and projections from NS Power for existing units. It also highlights the need to consider essential grid services in the IRP Modeling phase due to the increasing availability of renewable energy.

of 487 25 Attachment 4 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 26 of 34 NSPI System Overview and Coming Challenges IRP Update Appendix 1 Page 58 of 487 Attachment 4 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 27 of 34 Overview of Nova Scotia System 500,000 customers...

AI summary This section provides an overview of Nova Scotia's energy system, including customer numbers, annual load, peak load, revenue requirement, retail rate, and generation mix. It highlights the growth in wind and gas generation, the decline in coal, and the resulting reduction in GHG emissions.

31 Attachment 5 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 33 of 89 Effective Capacity of All Resources ¬ Dispatchable resources are by convention generally counted at their nameplate capacity in PRM accounting ¬ Due to forced outages, and “ELCC” equival...

AI summary The text discusses the effective capacity of various dispatchable and renewable energy resources, comparing their nameplate capacity with their effective capacity. It highlights that some resources, such as coal and oil, have lower effective capacities due to forced outages, while renewables like wind and solar have significantly lower effective capacities.

2017 Jan Sep ¬ Renewable generation is uncertain, but its output is correlated with many factors • Season – Eliminate all days in historical renewable production data not within +/- 15 calendar days of day trying to predict • Load – High l...

AI summary The text discusses methods for improving the accuracy of renewable energy generation forecasts by considering factors such as season, load, and previous day's generation. It outlines steps for filtering historical data and calculating differences to better predict renewable output.

Large generator recovery Large generator failure Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 IRP Update Appendix 1 Page 114 of 487 47 Attachment 5 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 49 of 89 Wind and Solar ELCC Wind Capacity (MW) ELCC (MW) Average ELCC Marginal...

AI summary The text presents data on the Effective Load Carrying Capability (ELCC) for wind and solar capacity, showing how ELCC increases with additional capacity but at a decreasing rate. This information is part of an appendix in a document related to the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) update.

RP Update Appendix 1 Page 188 of 487 Attachment 14 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 3 of 7  (OHFWULF/RDG&DUU\LQJ&DSDELOLW\ 7KH(VWXG\SUHVHQWV(OHFWULF/RDG&DUU\LQJ&DSDELOLW\ (/&& HVWLPDWHVIRUZLQGVRODUHQHUJ\ VWRUDJHDQGFRPEL...

AI summary The E3 study provides estimates of Electric Load Carrying Capacity (ELCC) for wind, solar, energy storage, and combinations of wind+storage and solar+storage. It is unclear whether these would correspond to five resource addition options in the IRP modeling or three options—wind, solar, and storage. The study also provides ELCC estimates for demand response (DR) resources, and a separate study by Efficiency One estimates volumes of achievable DR and energy efficiency potential. Bates White requests more detailed cost estimates for each new technology presented in the study.

ߪ‫ܮ‬ ߪܴ ߪܴ 28 P a g e IRP Update Appendix 1 Page 238 of 487 Attachment 17 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 41 of 85 Once the similarity has been determined between each day, a daily renewable profile for each class of renewable resources is sto...

AI summary The text discusses a method for generating daily renewable energy profiles using a stochastic selection process based on similarity ratings between days. The approach preserves correlations between load and renewable generation and captures autocorrelation in renewable profiles, such as the persistence of weather patterns during winter storms.

Please refer to response 3.21. 3.23 Synapse It appears that ELCC for storage, or for storage plus wind combinations, only considers 4-hour battery storage. 2-hour storage options should be considered as part of potential portfolio offering...

AI summary Synapse raises concerns about the ELCC methodology for storage and wind resources, suggesting that 2-hour battery storage should be considered alongside 4-hour options. It also highlights the need to rigorously test the impact of new wind locations and the potential role of solar PV in Nova Scotia's clean energy portfolio.

Provides service(s) on a limited basis Mostly not applicable Nova Scotia Power considered a wide range of technologies, including renewable resources, imports via new transmission lines, battery storage, compressed air energy storage, cust...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power is evaluating various technologies, including renewable resources, battery storage, and natural gas power plants, to increase low- and zero-carbon generation while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Hydroelectric resources and incremental firm imports offer reliable on-demand capacity, while wind and solar PV provide limited ancillary services. Fossil fuel plants may continue to serve as backup for reliability purposes.

tricity rates while facilitating carbon reductions in other sectors; this is a consequential finding which supports the electricity sector's role in economic decarbonization of the provincial economy. 2. Decarbonizing Nova Scotia Power's e...

AI summary The analysis emphasizes the need to decarbonize Nova Scotia Power's electricity supply by eliminating coal generation by 2030-2040 and increasing renewable energy to 70% by 2045. This transition must balance affordability, reliability, and sufficient firm capacity while reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

3.1.3.3 Variable Renewable Integration Requirements In addition to detailing the specific synchronous inertia and reserve requirements described above, the Stability Study for Renewable Integration looked at available options to enable win...

AI summary The Stability Study for Renewable Integration examined options to enable wind integration beyond 600 MW, identifying a second 345 KV AC tie and a domestic mitigation option with a synchronous condenser and battery. Nova Scotia Power allows parallel selection of these options in the IRP process, despite not being tested in the stability study.

Figure 22. Electrification Scenario Details Low Electrification Mid Electrification High Electrification Sales of electric 25% sales of air source heat pumps for space heating by 2050 50% sales of heat pump space heaters and water heaters...

AI summary Figure 22 outlines electrification scenarios with varying levels of adoption of electric heat pumps, water heaters, and vehicles. The Mid and High Electrification scenarios show significantly higher growth in peak and annual energy load due to increased electrification. Demand Side Management (DSM) mitigates this growth, with the Low Electrification scenario showing a net decline in load.

some solar generation is seen late in the planning horizon under the Accelerated Net-Zero 2045 GHG trajectory (described on next page) but is generally a higher-cost renewable resource in Nova Scotia. The remaining coal-fired units are pre...

AI summary The document discusses resource additions and retirements in Nova Scotia's electricity system, including the retirement of coal units by the late 2030s, the addition of natural gas and wind capacity by 2040, and the impact of different GHG reduction trajectories on resource planning.

6.2 Energy Mix Similar to the capacity addition and retirement chart, Nova Scotia Power has been using a consistent format to share annual energy mix results throughout this IRP process. Figure 48 below shows how the annual generation mix...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power's energy mix is projected to shift significantly over the planning horizon, with coal generation declining due to GHG emissions curves and the retirement of coal units. Wind generation and low-carbon imports are expected to increase, while new gas combustion turbines provide firm capacity but operate at low capacity factors.

io (provided in the Appendix) includes some electrification of the Transportation Other subsector. That means 60% of all other transportation fuels which are uncategorized or unknown are electrified. Figure 16. Stock Rollover from the Mode...

AI summary The document discusses electrification scenarios in the transportation sector, showing that 60% of uncategorized or unknown transportation fuels are electrified. It also outlines E3's assessment of decarbonization in the electricity sector, including the need for further study on the cost, reliability, and potential of deep decarbonization under load growth scenarios.

om high levels of electrification. Building and transportation electrification, together with building shell improvements, reduce final energy demand by ~60 TBtu, ~40% below the Reference scenario. 41 P a g e © 2020 Energy and Environmenta...

AI summary The text discusses the impact of electrification and energy efficiency on final energy demand in Nova Scotia, showing a reduction of ~60 TBtu (~40%) below the Reference scenario. It also outlines how the PATHWAYS model generates electric load based on electrification levels and energy efficiency measures.

44 P a g e © 2020 Energy and Environmental Economics, Inc. Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix A Page 50 of 64 Table 8. Electricity Sector Demand and Emissions 2005 2016 Reference Building Moderate High (2050) Electrification Elect...

AI summary The table presents electricity sector demand and emissions for Nova Scotia from 2005 to 2050 under different scenarios, showing reductions in both demand and emissions intensity. The data highlights the impact of electrification and other factors on future energy use and greenhouse gas emissions.

a global market. Nova Scotia should therefore monitor the development of these emerging energy sectors and perform more detailed assessments of their potential deployment in Nova Scotia. 4. Long lifetimes require early action. Investments...

AI summary The document emphasizes the need for Nova Scotia to monitor emerging energy sectors and invest early in long-lasting infrastructure to meet 2050 emissions targets. It highlights the importance of electrification, especially for passenger vehicles, and the need for public charging infrastructure to support adoption.

el costs. E3 will undertake a more detailed review of costs in Phase 2 of this analysis.  Electricity Sector Modeling: This study did not perform detailed dispatch or capacity expansion modeling. Efforts to more completely characterize po...

AI summary The analysis highlights the need for more detailed electricity sector modeling, including dispatch and capacity expansion, to assess impacts on peak load and grid reliability. It also emphasizes the importance of evaluating consumer adoption of low-carbon technologies and the technical feasibility of integrating these technologies into the grid.

ronmental Economics, Inc. Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix A Page 59 of 64 5 Appendix 5.1 Mitigation Scenario Results Table 9. 2050 Results for Reference and Mitigation Scenarios Building Moderate High Category Reference Electri...

AI summary The document presents mitigation scenario results from the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) final report by Nova Scotia Power. It compares emissions and energy demand across different electrification scenarios, highlighting reductions in electric sector and non-electric emissions, as well as changes in energy demand and biofuels usage by 2050.

34 Resource Cost Modeling Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix B Page 36 of 112 Fixed vs. Variable Costs for New Resources  Fixed costs: expenditures required to install and maintain generating capacity, independent of operations •...

AI summary The document discusses resource cost modeling, distinguishing between fixed and variable costs for new energy resources. Fixed costs include capital and fixed O&M, while variable costs include variable O&M and fuel costs. Capacity factors are used to estimate the spread of fixed costs. Resource options considered include fossil fuels, renewables, energy storage, and emerging technologies.

Reciprocating Engine $27 $9 Nuclear Small modular reactor $140 $0 All O&M costs assumed to escalate at 2% per year. 39 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix B Page 41 of 112 NS POWER CAPITAL COST SENSITIVITIES • For certain resource...

AI summary The text discusses NS Power's approach to modeling capital cost sensitivities for various energy resources, including wind, solar, and battery storage, with different base and low-case capital costs. This is done to assess the impact on resource additions in the capacity expansion model, considering potential lower capital costs or alternative financing structures.

2020 IRP FINAL ASSUMPTIONS SET 52 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix B Page 54 of 112 ELCC OF SOLAR The NS Power system currently has a very small amount of solar capacity at only 1.7 MW which has an average and marginal ELCC of 5...

AI summary The document discusses the Effective Load Carrying Capacity (ELCC) of solar, battery storage, and demand response (DR) in the context of the 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) by Nova Scotia Power. It highlights that solar has a very low ELCC due to poor correlation with peak load hours, battery storage shows varying ELCC values, and DR programs exhibit diminishing ELCC values depending on their characteristics.

ults, DR exhibits diminishing average and marginal ELCC values. The ELCC of a DR program will depend on its specific characteristics. NS Power’s Marginal DR ELCC 2020 IRP FINAL ASSUMPTIONS SET 55 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix...

AI summary The document discusses the Effective Load Carrying Capacity (ELCC) of Demand Response (DR) programs, noting that DR exhibits diminishing average and marginal ELCC values. It also explores how combinations of renewable energy and storage can enhance ELCC through synergies, with specific examples of solar and wind paired with storage. A study from July 2019 is referenced.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix C Page 6 of 12 2020 Integrated Resource Plan Scenarios & Modeling Plan March 11, 2020 1.2 Load Changes This driver represents the impact provincial greenhouse gas reduction and/or “net zero” poli...

AI summary The 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) discusses load changes driven by provincial greenhouse gas reduction policies, such as the Sustainable Development Goals Act (SDGA), and evaluates three load scenarios: business as usual, moderate electrification, and high electrification. These scenarios consider the impact of electrification on the electricity sector based on E3's Pathways assessment.

tion of constraints on future Qualitative assessment of timing of decisions arising from the selection of a particular investments path) Table 6 - Resource Plan Evaluation Criteria While the primary metric of plan value will continue to be...

AI summary The 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) outlines policy drivers such as provincial clean energy goals, greenhouse gas emissions reduction, and federal coal unit closure timelines. These drivers form the basis for various scenarios, including Net Zero 2050 and Accelerated Net Zero 2045, with different levels of electrification and coal closure dates.

SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OVERVI EW In addition to the Final Portfolio Study, a series of model sensitivities has been studied to understand how model outputs will vary with adjustments to key input parameters of interest. On the following slid...

AI summary A sensitivity analysis has been conducted to evaluate the impact of varying key input parameters on model outputs, with several scenarios outlined, including different levels of electrification, DSM, wind cost, battery cost, inertia, and capex.

25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $13,361 $12,983 General Notes • High case is modeled as a +50% increase in annual Sustaining Capital estimates for all thermal steam units (gas and coal) • Reliability Tie is built 6 years earlier and Regional Interconnec...

AI summary The document presents financial and environmental impacts of different scenarios for a 25-year and 10-year period, including changes in capital estimates, retirements of gas and coal units, and the impact on CO2 emissions. These scenarios involve adjustments to infrastructure timelines and resource replacements, affecting NPVRR and emissions outcomes.

33 34 33 24 26 26 25 22 20 20 20 20 20 15 15 15 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1C.Import-3 (Limited Reliability Tie In Emission Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 20...

AI summary The document presents emission data for various pollutants (CO2, Hg, NOx, SO2) across multiple years, indicating a gradual decline in emissions from 2021 to 2045. This data is part of the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Final Report by Nova Scotia Power.

2.0A.DSM-1 (Mid DSM) MW/units Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Existing Coal Retirements 0 0 1 Unit 1 Unit 1 Unit 1 Unit 1 Unit 1 Un...

AI summary The text presents a table outlining the planned retirements and additions of various types of generators, including coal, gas, and biomass, from 2021 to 2045. It details the phased retirement of coal and gas units, as well as the addition of new gas combined cycle (CC) and combustion turbine (CT) units over time.

2.1C.DSM-2 (Mid DSM) MW/units Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Existing Coal Retirements 0 0 1 Unit 1 Unit 1 Unit 1 Unit 1 Unit 1 Un...

AI summary The table outlines the projected retirements and additions of various power generation units from 2021 to 2045, focusing on coal, gas, and biomass. It includes retirements of existing coal and gas units, as well as new gas and biomass units added over time.

2.1C.CAPEX-2 (Low Sustaining CaMW/units Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Existing Coal Retirements 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1...

AI summary The text presents a table outlining the planned retirement and new capacity additions for various types of generators from 2021 to 2045, including coal, gas, and biomass. It highlights the retirement of existing coal and gas units and the addition of new gas capacity, particularly in the form of combined cycle (CC) and combustion turbine (CT) units.

2.1C.PRICES-1 (High Import & GaMW/units Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Existing Coal Retirements 0 0 1 Unit 1 Unit 1 Unit 1 Unit 1...

AI summary The table outlines the planned retirements and additions of various electricity generation units from 2021 to 2045, including coal, gas, and renewable sources, highlighting the phase-out of existing coal and gas units and the introduction of new gas units and compressed air energy storage.

1.0A GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 4,104 3,794 3,719 3,669 3,368 3,401 3,461 3,568 3,436 3,161 3,072 3,166 3,077 3,109 1...

AI summary The text presents a table showing the generation output in gigawatt-hours (GWh) from various energy sources (coal, gas, and hydro) across multiple years from 2021 to 2045. The data indicates a decline in coal generation and an increase in gas generation, particularly from new combined cycle (CCs) and combustion turbines (CTs) starting in 2025.

2.0C GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 4,004 3,713 3,597 3,615 3,418 3,563 3,621 3,556 3,493 2,024 2,003 1,871 1,848 1,854 1...

AI summary The document provides a table showing the generation output from different energy sources (coal, gas) across various years from 2021 to 2045, with specific values for each year and energy type. This data outlines the projected decline in coal generation and the increasing role of gas-based generation, including new and converted facilities.

2.1A GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 4,026 3,733 3,707 3,772 3,473 3,488 3,470 3,452 3,382 1,939 1,946 1,911 1,920 1,956 1...

AI summary The text presents a table showing the generation output (in GWh) by fuel type from 2021 to 2045. It details the declining output from coal and the increasing contribution from new gas technologies such as compressed air energy storage (CAES) and combined cycle (CCs) and combustion turbine (CTs) generators.

2.1B GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 3,988 3,701 3,718 3,665 3,369 3,522 3,440 3,226 3,140 2,435 2,432 2,448 2,409 2,441 1...

AI summary The table presents the projected electricity generation output from various sources over the years 2021 to 2045. It includes coal, existing gas, new gas combined cycle (CCs), new gas combustion turbines (CTs) and reciprocating engines, and gas conversion. Coal generation is expected to decline significantly over time, while gas generation from various sources shows more stable output.

2.1C GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 4,060 3,758 3,645 3,671 3,518 3,318 3,290 3,341 3,386 2,579 2,431 2,004 2,013 2,052 2...

AI summary The document presents a table outlining the projected electricity generation from various sources in Nova Scotia from 2021 to 2045, including coal, gas (existing and new), hydro, tidal, and biomass. It shows a decline in coal generation and an increase in gas generation from new sources.

2.2A GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 4,005 3,805 3,875 3,888 3,448 3,547 3,391 3,383 3,458 2,466 2,224 2,236 2,261 2,342 2...

AI summary The table presents electricity generation data by source from 2021 to 2045, showing a decline in coal generation and an increase in gas generation, particularly from new combined cycle and conversion plants. Domestic hydro and tidal generation remain relatively stable, while biomass generation is noted for 2021 and 2022.

2.2C GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 4,050 3,794 3,729 3,802 3,609 3,571 3,434 3,480 3,511 2,954 1,797 1,798 1,640 1,474 1...

AI summary The table presents electricity generation data by fuel type from 2021 to 2045, showing a decline in coal generation and an increase in gas generation, including new and converted facilities, alongside stable contributions from domestic hydro and tidal sources.

3.1B GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 3,956 3,706 3,602 3,538 3,291 3,251 3,275 3,179 1,140 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The table presents projected electricity generation output in gigawatt-hours (GWh) from various sources including coal, gas (existing and new), domestic hydro, and tidal energy across multiple years from 2021 to 2045. Coal generation is expected to decline significantly over time, while gas and hydro sources show more stable or increasing trends.

3.1C GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 3,998 3,758 3,711 3,729 3,061 3,207 2,979 3,040 1,108 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The document presents a table showing the generation output in gigawatt-hours (GWh) for various energy sources from 2021 to 2045, with a focus on the decline of coal generation and the increasing contribution from gas and hydroelectric sources, including tidal energy.

3.2B GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 3,975 3,698 3,658 3,582 3,367 2,525 2,023 1,748 1,192 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The text presents a table showing the projected electricity generation output from various sources over the years 2021 to 2045. It includes coal, gas (existing, new CCs, new CTs & Recips, conversion), and domestic hydro, with tidal generation also included, though minimal.

3.2C GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 4,022 3,819 3,720 3,737 3,157 3,360 3,320 3,310 1,271 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The table presents the projected generation output in gigawatt-hours (GWh) from various energy sources in Nova Scotia from 2021 to 2045. Coal generation is expected to decline significantly after 2024, while gas generation from new and existing sources remains relatively stable. Domestic hydroelectric generation is projected to increase slightly over time, and tidal generation is expected to remain constant at 26 GWh annually.

2.1C.DSM-2 (Mid DSM) GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 4,044 3,696 3,618 3,552 3,372 3,341 3,264 3,287 3,334 1,818 1,676 1,6...

AI summary The text presents a table with data on electricity generation by source across multiple years, showing decreasing coal generation and increasing contributions from gas and renewable sources like tidal and domestic hydro.

0 0 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Biomass 335 351 351 354 361 346 345 344 343 352 347 343 346 348 346 347 348 351 341 353 356 355 352 354 357 Wind 1,903 1,900 1,899 1,901 1,933 2,099 2,262 2,267 2,259...

AI summary The text presents numerical data related to various energy sources and programs, including biomass, wind, solar, diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, demand response, and non-firm market participation, across multiple time periods.

stic Hydro 894 893 892 892 915 915 915 915 915 1,011 1,011 59 1,012 1,011 1,011 1,011 1,012 1,011 1,011 1,011 1,011 1,011 1,012 1,011 1,012 Tidal 0 0 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 59 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Biomass 339 354 356...

AI summary The text presents a table with numerical data over multiple years, likely representing energy generation or capacity figures from various sources such as hydro, tidal, biomass, wind, solar, diesel, and the Maritime Link Blocks. The data shows fluctuations and trends in output across different years.

3.1C.DSM-7 (Mid DSM) GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 4,031 3,763 3,613 3,525 3,114 3,233 3,215 3,223 1,605 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The table presents the generation capacity by fuel type from 2021 to 2045, showing a decline in coal generation and a gradual increase in gas generation, with some new and conversion projects. Domestic hydro and tidal generation remain relatively stable.

2.1C.WIND-1 (Low Wind Cost) GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 3,999 3,766 3,324 3,382 1,948 1,690 1,660 1,681 1,678 1,525 1,...

AI summary The table presents electricity generation data by source and year, showing the production of various energy sources including coal, gas (existing, new CCs, CTs & Recips, conversion), domestic hydro, and tidal from 2021 to 2045. It highlights a decline in coal generation and an increase in gas and hydro sources over time.

2.1C.WIND-4 (No Inertia / No Int GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 4,031 3,760 3,495 3,219 2,730 2,850 2,202 2,202 2,204 2,0...

AI summary The table outlines the projected generation output from various sources, including coal, gas (existing, new CCs, new CTs & Recips, and conversion), from 2021 to 2045. It shows a decline in coal generation and an increase in gas generation, particularly in new CTs & Recips.

2.1C.Mersey GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 3,995 3,728 3,721 3,866 3,737 3,753 3,483 3,536 3,602 1,523 1,485 1,489 1,473...

AI summary The table presents electricity generation data from Mersey, including coal, gas, hydro, tidal, and biomass sources from 2021 to 2045. It shows a decline in coal generation and the introduction of new gas generation technologies over time.

S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Battery Generation 0.53 0.52 4.61 4.29 3.80 5.08 5.50 5.61 6.36 10.00 10.16 9.64 9.97 9.45 10.47 9.55 9.65 9.12 10.46 9.76 6.52 6.55 0.51 0.48 1.14 Firm Imports 0 949 962 970 974 978 975...

AI summary The text presents numerical data related to battery generation and firm imports over a period of time, indicating fluctuations in values. The data may be part of a larger analysis or report on energy generation and import trends.

2.1C.Import-1 (Limited Non-Firm GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 4,715 4,465 4,141 4,236 3,331 2,587 2,600 2,539 2,747 1,97...

AI summary The document presents a table showing the projected generation capacity from various sources, including coal, gas, hydro, tidal, and biomass, across multiple years from 2021 to 2045. It outlines the expected contribution of each energy source over time, highlighting a decline in coal and an increase in gas and renewable sources.

2.0A.Import-2 (No Reliability Tie)GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 4,051 3,826 3,664 3,660 3,089 3,177 3,105 3,128 3,060 2,...

AI summary The document outlines the projected electricity generation from various sources in Nova Scotia from 2021 to 2045, showing a decline in coal generation and an increase in renewable energy sources like gas with carbon capture and solar, alongside stable contributions from hydro and tidal power.

2.1C.Import-3 (Limited ReliabilityGWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 4,044 3,777 3,651 3,713 3,528 3,300 3,286 3,410 2,935 1,...

AI summary The text presents a table showing the projected generation capacity from various energy sources in Nova Scotia from 2021 to 2045, including coal, gas, hydro, tidal, and biomass. It outlines the gradual decline of coal and the introduction of new gas and renewable energy sources over time.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Battery Generation 0.49 0.51 0.65 0.61 4.58 5.15 5.23 3.31 3.12 7.94 8.52 8.22 8.24 9.25 8.78 8.67 8.33 8.06 8.85 8.08 4.00 3.88 3.90 3.92 0.00 Firm Imports 0 948 968 977 976 975 972 971 1,...

AI summary The document presents data on battery generation and firm imports over time, showing fluctuating values. Battery generation starts at 0.49 and peaks at 9.25, while firm imports begin at 0 and increase up to 2,390.

2.1C.CAPEX-2 (Low Sustaining Ca GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 3,967 3,742 3,746 3,768 3,593 3,704 3,754 3,677 3,516 3,05...

AI summary The text presents a table showing capital expenditures (CAPEX) for various electricity generation sources in Nova Scotia from 2021 to 2045, including coal, gas (existing and new), hydro, tidal, and biomass. The data outlines the projected capacity for each source over time.

5 Summary of Proposed Assumptions Operating Costs – All Technologies Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 13 of 321 Operating Cost Technology Subtechnology Fixed O&M Variable O&M ($/kW-yr) ($/MWh) Wind Onshore $59 $0 Offshore...

AI summary The document presents operating costs for various energy technologies, including fixed and variable O&M costs for wind, solar, biomass, tidal, storage, coal, natural gas, and nuclear. All O&M costs are assumed to escalate at 2% per year.

anada • EV penetration based on conservative estimate of Electric Mobility Canada’s growth model • EV includes estimate for peak mitigation • 10-year average used for normal weather 2020 IRP ASSUMPTIONS SET 10 DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT IN Nov...

AI summary The document discusses demand-side management (DSM) scenarios in the context of the 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) by Nova Scotia Power. It outlines assumptions for EV penetration, load scenarios, and environmental considerations based on existing policies and legislation, including regulations on carbon dioxide emissions from coal-fired generation.

36 Summary of Proposed Assumptions Operating Costs – All Technologies Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 56 of 321 Operating Cost Technology Subtechnology Fixed O&M Variable O&M ($/kW-yr) ($/MWh) Wind Onshore $54 $0 Offshor...

AI summary The document presents operating cost assumptions for various energy technologies, including fixed and variable O&M costs for wind, solar, biomass, tidal, storage, coal, natural gas, and nuclear technologies, with all costs assumed to escalate at 2% per year.

2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 2031 2033 2035 2037 2039 2041 2043 2045 2020 IRP ASSUMPTIONS SET 42 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 62 of 321 ELECTRIC VEHICLES (EV S ) • Currently, electric vehicle market share is low—across Ca...

AI summary The text discusses the low market share of electric vehicles (EVs) in Nova Scotia, noting that while Canada's EV penetration was 2.2% in 2018, Nova Scotia's was significantly lower at 0.18%.

O&M $/kw- $/kW $/MWh $/kW $/kw-yr $/MWh Technology Subtech yr Wind Onshore $2,100 $54 $0 $1,485- $38- $0 2,025 49 Offshore $4,726 $108 $0 $3,173- $108- $0 4,793 149 Solar PV Tracking $2,250 $20 $0 $1,485 $16 $0 Storage Battery $814 $8 $0 $...

AI summary The text provides cost data for various energy technologies, including wind, solar PV, storage, natural gas, and nuclear, with specific figures for capital costs and other metrics. It also notes a discrepancy between the capital cost estimate for solar PV and recent estimates from the US NREL Annual Technology Baseline.

and other customer values), or • if NS Power cannot estimate the non-energy benefits, just the costs paid by NS Power, reduced by T&D benefits (reduced line losses, avoided investments). 4. Planning Reserve Margin and Capacity Value Study...

AI summary The document discusses the Planning Reserve Margin and Capacity Value Study, focusing on the DAFOR (Demand Availability Factor) for various generation units. It highlights discrepancies between historical DAFOR averages and assumptions used in the E3 study, suggesting the need for a longer averaging period. It also addresses the effective load-carrying capacity (ELCC) of thermal and wind generation units and the derating of thermal plants for capacity planning.

• Large, mid-DAFOR (Lingan 3&4, Trenton 5&6) • Smaller, very-high-DAFOR (TC 1 &2) • Very small, high-DAFOR (CTs) • The odd mix of TC 4-6 ELCC should vary among these units. Replacing a MW of TC 1 or 2 should require less capacity than a MW...

AI summary The text discusses varying DAFOR and ELCC values for different power generation units, suggesting that ELCC should differ based on unit type. It critiques the E3 study's assumption that hydro resources are equivalent to firm dispatchable resources, citing concerns about storage capacity, drought impacts, and capacity factors during winter peak hours. The document recommends that NS Power review its hydro capacity value assumptions.

ilable at ScienceDirect Energy Conversion and Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/enconman Electric vehicle charging to support renewable energy integration in a capacity constrained electricity grid Nathaniel S. Pearre ⇑,...

AI summary This study explores how electric vehicle (EV) charging can support the integration of renewable energy in a grid with limited capacity. It examines the potential of EVs to act as a resource for balancing renewable energy supply and demand.

n plug in and charge. The significance of the driving patterns is tions and vehicle use. Specifically, to understand the energy made doubly important when one considers three possible effects requirements of vehicles, it is necessary to kn...

AI summary The text discusses the impact of electric vehicles (EVs) on the energy system, focusing on three charging strategies: convenience charging, time-of-day (TOD) charging, and smart charging. It highlights the importance of understanding vehicle usage patterns to estimate grid impacts and the potential for EVs to provide grid services when managed effectively.

ents 302, 303 loads Substation Conway (77 V) Transformer Primary voltage 1 min Fig. 2. Logic diagram for ‘‘Simple Charging” algorithm. The output is a load profile of each vehicle, which are then aggregated to become fleet charging loads.

AI summary The text describes a logic diagram for a 'Simple Charging' algorithm used to generate load profiles for electric vehicles, which are then aggregated to form fleet charging loads. It includes a substation and transformer detail, though the main focus is on the algorithm and its output.

ed and commercial vehicles, respectively. Commercial and private charging load profiles were then multiplied by the presumed adop- tion fraction for each class (10% for both), and summed together to produce a regional vehicle fleet chargin...

AI summary The text outlines a method for estimating EV charging load profiles by considering adoption rates and adjusting export power peaks to match energy demand. It describes a smart charging algorithm that balances vehicle energy needs with grid export capacity, as illustrated in a flow diagram.

ppendix H Page 150 of 321 N.S. Pearre, L.G. Swan / Energy Conversion and Management 109 (2016) 130–139 135 can only occur when both wind production is high and when local during the day, and WEC output, which peaks at night, mean that load...

AI summary The text discusses the relationship between wind energy production and electricity exports, noting that exports are more likely at night when wind production peaks and local loads are low. It also mentions the impact of EV charging on the electricity grid, highlighting potential challenges during peak demand periods.

or might be at its maximum output of 30+ MW. 4. Results 4.2. Impact of EV charging on the electricity grid

AI summary The document discusses the impact of electric vehicle (EV) charging on the electricity grid, particularly in the context of potential maximum output from renewable energy sources such as wind energy converters (WEC) reaching 30+ MW.

In this section, the interactions and influence of EVs on the elec- To illustrate the impacts of the three charging scenarios on the tric grid are discussed, with a focus on how they would relate to electricity grid we examine the first we...

AI summary This section discusses the impact of electric vehicles (EVs) on the electricity grid in Digby, focusing on renewable electricity generation and transmission line L-5533. It examines load and generation data from 2012 to 2014, highlighting concerns about transmission constraints during periods of high export.

Nov-Dec 15 10 5 0 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 Hour of the day Fig. 7. Average electricity power as a function of month pairs (colored) for Digby load (top), and 30 MW WEC field generation (bottom). (For interpretation of the references to color...

AI summary The text includes a figure showing average electricity power for Digby load and 30 MW WEC field generation, and discusses how electric vehicles (EVs) might help provide load. The figure is referenced in the context of analyzing power trends over time.

-5533 (left axis) 28 8 Aggregate EV Charging Power 10% of fleet, Convenience Charging (right axis) 21 10% of fleet, TOD Charging (right axis) 6 Export Power (MW) 10% of fleet, Smart Charging (right axis) 14 4 7 2 (MW) 0 0 -7 -14 -21

AI summary The text presents a graph showing aggregate EV charging power and export power in MW, with different charging scenarios (convenience, TOD, and smart charging) for 10% of the fleet, highlighting variations in power demand and export.

11 Load with 10% of fleet Convenience Charging Digby Load (MW) 10 Load with 10% of fleet TOD Charging Load with 10% of fleet Smart Charging 9 8 7 6 5 4 Midnight on 4th Noon on 4th Midnight on 5th Noon on 5th Midnight on 6th June, 2014 (dat...

AI summary This figure shows a time-series plot of electricity demand on distribution lines out of Conway substation in June 2014, comparing three EV charging scenarios—convenience charging, TOD charging, and smart charging—implemented by 10% of the vehicle fleet.

lectricity demand on the distribution lines out of Conway substation (77 V) in the first week of June, 2014, given three possible EV charging scenarios being implemented by 10% of the vehicle fleet.

AI summary The text discusses electricity demand on the distribution lines out of Conway substation (77 V) in the first week of June 2014, under three possible EV charging scenarios implemented by 10% of the vehicle fleet.

0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 Midnight on 4th Noon on 4th Midnight on 5th Noon on 5th Midnight on 6th June, 2014 (date) Fig. 12. Time-series plot of electricity exports out of the Digby Neck area in the first week of June, 2014. The unmodified line...

AI summary The figure illustrates a time-series plot of electricity exports from the Digby Neck area in early June 2014, comparing unmodified line power with line power under three EV charging algorithms. It highlights the impact of different EV charging strategies on electricity exports.

(MW) any charging strategies can facilitate adding increased renewables 50 2 to the grid, and whether such additional capacity can make up for the additional energy demand to power the EV fleet. This question 25 1 can be answered from the...

AI summary The text discusses the impact of Time of Day (TOD) charging strategies on the grid, noting that implementing TOD for 10% of Digby’s vehicle fleet reduces export peaks by 0.6 MW. However, the fleet consumes 9 MW h of electricity daily, requiring an annual capacity factor of 62% for additional capacity to meet demand.

e Municipality of the District of Digby Sigma Energy Storage Inc. November 2018 - CONFIDENTIAL page 17 (i) Wood chip storage and handling equipment (ii) Combustor / furnace (iii) Boiler (iv) Pumps (v) Fans (vi) Steam turbine (vii) Generato...

AI summary The document outlines a technical and financial analysis of a biomass energy generation system for local facilities in the Municipality of the District of Digby. It includes assumptions about fuel costs, financing, and system design, with a focus on electrical and heat delivery to large facilities and residential buildings.

High electrification logical w/ coal phase-out of scenarios in the IRP modeling in order to capture the uncertainty of potential futures. Pathways excluded industrial & marine sectors from electrification or other load growth drivers but T...

AI summary The document discusses the integration of high electrification scenarios in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) modeling, including the exclusion of industrial and marine sectors from electrification in some pathways. It also addresses the potential for retiring coal units when economically viable and the testing of early coal closure strategies.

D E L I N G U P D AT E 9 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix I Page 12 of 44 MODEL STATUS UPDATES WORK COMPLETED TO DATE • Final Assumptions have been entered into both RESOLVE and PLEXOS models • Significant volume of test runs un...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power is updating the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) by finalizing assumptions in both RESOLVE and PLEXOS models, conducting test runs, and comparing results. The Resource Screening phase is being used to test key model assumptions and support the Initial Portfolio Study, with three specific screenings underway: Diesel CT, Hydro, and Carbon Price.

units, especially coal units and the Mersey hydro system. In either case, with unrealistic load forecasts, the portfolios may have uneconomic, excessive generation which will lead to inaccurate, low avoided costs. For that reason, the mode...

AI summary The document expresses concerns about unrealistic load forecasts impacting the accuracy of avoided costs in DSM investment decisions. It also highlights concerns about load shapes associated with electrification, particularly for transportation, based on data shared by NS Power.

would likely be very little on-peak generation during a winter peak event, especially if rate design is updated to utilize the smart meters NS Power is installing. Based on an email exchange with Chris Milligan following up on the April 8...

AI summary The text discusses NS Power's use of a 2015 NYSERDA report for EV load assumptions, questioning the accuracy of applying the study to NS Power's load forecast. Concerns are raised about the mismatch between NYSERDA data and NS Power's assumptions, particularly regarding on-peak and off-peak load figures, and the lack of clear explanation for how EV charging profiles are mapped to the baseline forecast.

removal of the anomalously high DAFOR for TUC1 in 2016. These updated DAFOR forecasts were used in the reliability/operability study using E3s RECAP tool, which evaluate the required Planning Reserve Margin to meet the reliability standard...

AI summary The text discusses the removal of an anomalously high DAFOR for TUC1 in 2016 and the use of updated DAFOR forecasts in a reliability/operability study using the E3s RECAP tool. It also addresses modeling assumptions for inertia constraints, including how different resources contribute to meeting these constraints and any operational restrictions.

esource strategies to these various loads. 10500 10000 5 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 8 of 245 ADJUSTED LOAD FORECAST - COMPARISONS Firm Peak Firm Peak Firm Peak Mid Elec / Base DSM High Elec / Max DSM Low Elec / Base...

AI summary The document presents adjusted load forecasts under different scenarios, including Mid Elec / Base DSM, High Elec / Max DSM, and Low Elec / Base DSM with a COVID-19 low forecast, showing variations in firm peak demand.

031 2033 2035 2037 2039 2041 2043 2045 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 2031 2033 2035 2037 2039 2041 2043 2045 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 2031 2033 2035 2037 2039 2041 2043 2045 Adjusted NSR Original NSR Adjusted NSR Original NSR I R P S P O N S O...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power has adopted the ELCC methodology for calculating unit contributions to Planning Reserve Margins, using the most recent 3-year average DAFOR rates for existing resources.

lacement builds required to provide required system capacity Cost to Replace Diesel CT vs Sustaining Capex Sustaining Capex vs Replacement Cost by Years Replacement energy and capacity costs reflect net system savings adjusted for avoided...

AI summary The document discusses the cost implications of replacing diesel combined cycle (CT) units with new gas CTs under different planning scenarios, including the impact on system costs and net present value (NPV). It also references resource screening results for hydro resources.

Annual Fuel Oil Hydro6,000 Gas (Conversion) 0 Gas (Conversion) 4,000 Gas (Peaker - New) Gas (Peaker - New) Gas (CCGT - New) w/ CCS -1,000 Gas (CCGT - New) 2,000- New) w/ CCS Gas (CCGT Gas (Existing) Gas (CCGT - New) -2,000 0 Coal 2021

AI summary The text presents a visual representation of energy generation sources, including fuel oil, hydro, gas (conversion, peaker, and combined cycle gas turbines with and without carbon capture and storage), and coal, with data points for the year 2021 and projected changes.

Annual Hydro6,000 Fuel Oil 0 Gas (Conversion) Gas (Conversion) 4,000 Gas (Peaker - New) Gas (Peaker - New) Gas (CCGT - New) w/ CCS -1,000 2,000- New) w/ CCS Gas (CCGT Gas (CCGT - New) Gas (Existing) Gas (CCGT - New) -2,000 Coal 0 2021 2025...

AI summary The text presents a graphical representation of energy generation sources over time, highlighting the transition from fossil fuels to renewable and cleaner energy sources such as hydro, gas, and coal, with projections from 2021 to 2045, and the inclusion of nuclear energy.

Gas (CCGT (Peaker- New) - New) Gas Gas (Existing) (CCGT - New) w/ CCS 0-1,000 Coal Gas (CCGT - New) 2021 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 Nuclear

AI summary The text presents a visual representation of various energy generation sources, including gas (CCGT), coal, nuclear, and other technologies, with timeframes from 2021 to 2045. It outlines potential new and existing generation capacities, such as peaker plants, gas with CCS, and highlights the evolution of energy infrastructure over time.

Gas (CCGT (Peaker- New) - New) Gas Gas (Existing) (CCGT - New) w/ CCS 0-1,000 Coal Gas (CCGT - New) 2021 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 Nuclear

AI summary The text presents a visual representation of various energy generation sources, including gas (CCGT), coal, nuclear, and others, with timelines extending from 2021 to 2045. It indicates the addition of new generation technologies such as peaker plants and the inclusion of carbon capture and storage (CCS) for gas (CCGT).

Gas (CCGT - New) w/ CCS 0-1,000 Gas (CCGT - New) Coal Gas (CCGT - New) -1,500 2,000 Gas (CCGT - New) 2021 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 Nuclear Nuclear Nuclear Gas (Existing) Gas (Peaker) - Retirement -2,000

AI summary The text presents a visual representation of different energy generation sources, including Gas (CCGT - New) with CCS, Coal, Nuclear, and Gas (Existing), with associated costs and timelines from 2021 to 2045. It highlights the retirement of Gas (Peaker) and the inclusion of CCS technology for new CCGT plants.

60 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 63 of 245 2.1A MID ELEC. / BASE DSM / NET ZERO 2050 / CURRENT LANDSCAPE $MM Scenario Notes 25-yr NPVRR $13,306 • Reliability Tie built in 2031 enables wind integration but does not prov...

AI summary The text presents financial figures related to Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) under different scenarios, including the 25-year and 10-year Net Present Value of Revenue Requirement (NPVRR) with and without energy efficiency (EE) considerations. It also references the construction of a reliability tie in 2031 and the use of gas combined cycle (CT) and combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) units.

19 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 96 of 245 RENEWABLE GENERATION • Onshore wind energy selected in all scenarios as the most economic type of domestic renewable generation • Construction of a Reliability Tie (new 345kV...

AI summary The document highlights the selection of onshore wind energy as the most economic renewable generation option in all scenarios. A new 345kV reliability tie line from Onslow, NS to Salisbury, NB is preferred for wind integration, with domestic integration (batteries and synchronous condensers) used when the reliability tie's capacity is reached. The combination of both methods was not studied in prior work but was selected in several scenarios after 2030.

incorporate some BTM costs into its reported cost metric, we suggest using a modest placeholder value. If Plexos produces marginal hourly energy costs, those could be used for the assumed DER load shape. Otherwise, NS Power might use some...

AI summary The text discusses the challenges of incorporating bottom-of-the-meter (BTM) costs, the limitations of using NPVRR and partial generation cost metrics for comparing energy plans, and the need for a more meaningful bill metric. It also highlights the importance of considering T&D cost sensitivities and the need for more detailed computation methods for capital investments in the long-term Plexos model.

tion is the hourly dispatch for the single highest hour that the group of units is dispatched, i.e. a coincident maximum. It is presented as a reference to compare with the operating capacity values. John D. Wilson and Paul Chernick • Reso...

AI summary The text discusses discrepancies between Nova Scotia Power's generation data and the E3 Capacity Value Study, noting that wind resources have a lower ELCC (19%) compared to the average capacity factor of over 50% reported by NS Power during high load factor hours.

Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 118 of 245 Comments on modeling of wind and hydro in the IRP Page 5 of 7 Figure 1: Wind Resources Capacity Factor Histogram The IRP relies on the ELCC for two related purposes, valuing the capacity pr...

AI summary The document discusses the modeling of wind and hydro resources in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), focusing on the Effective Load-Carrying Capability (ELCC) of wind resources. It highlights discrepancies between the E3 Capacity Value study and the current IRP assumptions, arguing that existing wind resources should have a higher ELCC than incremental resources.

ower. • Our calculations, following the LBNL method (see footnote), suggest existing resources should have an ELCC of about 25%, as described below. • E3’s calculation of a 19% ELCC at current wind levels may be a marginal value (reflectin...

AI summary The text discusses calculations of Effective Load-Carrying Capacity (ELCC) using the LBNL method, suggesting that existing resources have an ELCC of about 25%, while E3's calculation of 19% may reflect marginal rather than average values.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 204 of 245 IRP Participant Comments and NS Power Response July 2020 Category Comment # Comment NS Power Response ELCC CA-14 ELCC of incremental wind See response to CA-12 above. NS Power h...

AI summary The Consumer Advocate comments on the ELCC of incremental wind, noting that after accounting for capacity credit, the capacity factor for wind in peak hours significantly drops. NS Power responds by explaining that ELCC analysis considers wind's contribution to firm capacity on an 8760 basis, not just peak hours, and references prior discussions on this topic.

move forward with planning on this project, since it would require cooperation with New Brunswick and possibly Quebec. Page 14 of 53 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 207 of 245 IRP Participant Comments and NS Power Respon...

AI summary The comment suggests that wind procurement over 100 MW should be combined with battery storage. NS Power responds that batteries can aid wind integration but have limited capacity substitution due to short duration, with up to 120 MW of storage planned by 2045.

Transition plan NF-05 Transition plans are needed to replace generation, which NS Power agrees that the system transformations and wind adds doesn’t happen instantaneously - a new build and a indicated in the IRP scenarios will require cau...

AI summary The text discusses the need for a transition plan to replace generation capacity, emphasizing that NS Power agrees that system transformations occur over long periods. It highlights the importance of adding wind capacity gradually up to 2030 and the need for infrastructure such as the 2nd AC intertie or BES/synch comps to accompany wind installations. The text also notes that premature capital expenditure could increase costs to consumers.

eport Appendix K Page 50 of 264 DRAFT FINDINGS 2. CONTINUED Decarbonizing Nova Scotia Power ’s electricity supply will require investment in a diverse portfolio of non- and low-emitting resources. c) Coal units are generally sustained econ...

AI summary The draft findings discuss the need for investment in non- and low-emitting resources to decarbonize Nova Scotia Power's electricity supply. Coal units are being retired, requiring new generating capacity. Hydro resources are economically viable, and energy efficiency programs are deemed cost-effective. Firm capacity resources, such as combustion turbines, will be essential for the near and long term.

also notes that an increase of this size in natural gas consumption in the region requires long-term natural gas transportation commitment planning, which should also be reflected in the Action Plan. Electrification and Associated Transmis...

AI summary The text discusses the need for long-term natural gas transportation planning due to increased consumption, significant investments in transmission and distribution infrastructure driven by electrification and environmental targets, and the role of natural gas in supporting the transition to low carbon fuels. It also references ongoing DSM Matter No. M09471 regarding avoided T&D costs.

2020) • IRP Modeling Results Table (2020-09-02). Key observations are summarised in the Executive Summary below. Issues are discussed in more detail in sections 1 through 5. Executive Summary • A major transformation of the existing genera...

AI summary A major transformation of Nova Scotia’s generation resource base is required to meet carbon reduction goals, including integrating more intermittent renewable energy. Higher electrification scenarios are seen as beneficial for reducing electricity rates and supporting broader emissions policy objectives.

Ltd. CO2 emissions 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 2025 2021 2022 2023 2024 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 2.1C 2.1C.WIND-1 (Low Wind Cost) 2.1C.WIND-2 (Low Wind & Batter...

AI summary The text discusses CO2 emissions projections for different scenarios, noting that the benefits of lower emissions are not currently monetized in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) modelling approach. It references a European approach where such benefits are directly monetized.

ily replaced or may have been replaced with a different resource type. The PLEXOS LT formulation includes an attribute that accounts for end effects. The model assumes that last year of the horizon is repeated an infinite number of times....

AI summary The PLEXOS LT formulation includes an attribute for end effects, assuming the last year of the horizon (2045) is repeated infinitely. The objective function is expanded to include the cost of years beyond 2045.

The Capacity Study, completed as part of the pre-IRP deliverables, provides detail on the modeling of hydro in that study. Other than Wreck Cove, which was modeled as an energy-limited resource with daily In our memo of August 4, RII quest...

AI summary The Capacity Study discusses the modeling of hydro resources, particularly run-of-river hydro units, and questions the 95% ELCC assigned to them. It highlights discrepancies between estimated ELCC and actual capacity factors during peak hours, suggesting that operational limitations and water flow may impact these figures.

would change with reduced needs for synchronous inertia. These sensitivities indicated that the wind provision by wind turbines on requirements for system inertia in Nova Scotia, but as the expansion profile was not particularly sensitive...

AI summary The text discusses the impact of wind generation on system inertia and ancillary services in Nova Scotia. It highlights that wind turbines can provide ramp down reserve service and that the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) identifies wind as a key renewable resource for replacing coal. The PLEXOS model is used to optimize resource plans with ancillary service constraints.

s, among other benefits. An accelerated phase-out of coal by 2030 would be a favorable long-term strategy for the province and its peoples. Regional Integration EAC NS Power agrees. The optimization model does consider both the economic op...

AI summary The EAC supports Nova Scotia Power's Regional Integration Strategy and accelerated coal phase-out by 2030. NS Power agrees but emphasizes that the IRP did not quantify benefits beyond the electricity sector. Electrification is acknowledged as a key enabler of decarbonization.

NS Power’s capacity expansion optimization software co-optimizes wind and storage. It appears that Wind addition to the system is essential, but it would be necessary to consider a higher battery storage’s ability to substitute for firm ca...

AI summary NS Power uses software to co-optimize wind and battery storage for capacity expansion. However, battery storage in Nova Scotia is limited by short duration and wind variability. NS Power plans to monitor new storage technologies to support coal generation retirement and seeks examples of successful implementations elsewhere.

However, A-CAES’s cost advantage is most apparent in the long-duration market where it can act as a non-wires alternative to traditional transmission for improving reliability or as a solution for integrating and time-shifting Nova Scotia’...

AI summary The document discusses the cost advantages of A-CAES technology in long-duration energy storage compared to lithium-ion systems, particularly in improving grid reliability and integrating wind resources. It also mentions NS Power's modeling of wind project costs and capacity factors based on public data.

The continued insistence on the part of NSP to adhere to this position is rather baffling. The precise extent to which wind capacity is being “held back” due to this approach is difficult to quantify (though of course it could be assessed...

AI summary NSP's approach to wind capacity may lead to higher electricity costs for consumers compared to standard practices in other power systems. Electrification scenarios are seen as beneficial for lowering rates and supporting emissions goals, with NSP including an Electrification Strategy in its IRP Action Plan.

it to development of T&D cost forecasts for several of the different scenarios involving electrification and DSM at varying levels. This will be necessary to inform those program investment decisions. Status of Board Requirements Optimal p...

AI summary The document discusses the development of T&D cost forecasts for various electrification and DSM scenarios, and NS Power's position on the optimal planning reserve margin, referencing an audit recommendation and the E3 study from 2019.

on, given the urgency of climate action. Moreover, since electricity sector-specific targets are not yet fully developed in the SDGA, it weakens the confidence that these scenarios are SDGA compliant. While retiring coal earlier would prov...

AI summary The text emphasizes the urgency of climate action and the need for the electricity sector to align with provincial climate goals. It highlights the importance of retiring coal and transitioning to clean energy, while noting the risks of relying on natural gas beyond 2050. Regional interconnection and enhanced transmission upgrades are seen as critical for a low-cost, rapid clean energy transition.

i) NS Power’s existing Planning Reserve Margin deficit would increase by the change in ELCC of small hydro (if applicable). This would require additional resource procurement early in the planning horizon, however the impact is thought to...

AI summary The document discusses the impact of changes in ELCC of small hydro on NS Power’s Planning Reserve Margin deficit and the potential reduction in replacement capacity required for decommissioned hydro assets. It highlights that a decrease in ELCC could increase the PRM deficit and lower replacement costs.

Heritage Supportive: 2020-11-13; p. 1/5 -‘The IRP highlights the need for additional firm generating capacity to ensure that the system is reliable with sufficient supply available to meet expected demand, especially during periods of low...

AI summary The Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) emphasizes the need for additional firm generating capacity, particularly natural gas-based generation, to ensure system reliability and support renewable energy integration. Combustion turbines are highlighted as the lowest-cost domestic source of new firm capacity.

tal costs of the variable fuel cost. The base-loaded supply option investment in commitment and dispatch costs, but instead has a capacity cost, which is incorporated into NPV add the fixed costs to the cost of generation subsequent to cos...

AI summary The text discusses NS Power's approach to evaluating investment in generation fleet upgrades, including the use of PLEXOS modeling to optimize gas supply sources and the inclusion of combined-cycle technology. It also references sections of the IRP Report for further details.

ommendation. 5. Conduct Proper Assessment of Natural Gas Infrastructure Investments Our recommendation then focused on available natural gas-related investment alternatives: Regarding natural gas infrastructure investments (e.g., natural g...

AI summary The text recommends assessing natural gas infrastructure investments using variable gas costs in the PLEXOS model and evaluating updated generation technology. NSPI responded by considering new options and developing a redevelopment plan. The second recommendation addresses modeling the effect of PHP load, though details are limited.

ommendation XIV-6: Combustion Turbine Analysis The third and final additional recommendation related to the IRP addressed the economics of NSPI’s seven existing diesel-fired combustion turbines: Recommendation XIV-6: In the Power Plant Per...

AI summary Recommendation XIV-6 evaluates the economics of NSPI’s diesel combustion turbines versus replacement options. E3’s RESOLVE model analysis showed maintaining the existing fleet is cheaper than replacing with gas peakers, even with adjusted planning reserve margins. This involved detailed discussions between NSPI and E3 on scenario modeling.

and security of supply, emissions intensity, and dispatch flexibility.”83 Given (a) the demonstrated benefits of these regional solutions and (b) their unique risks, NSPI should follow through on its 81 Resource Insight, Comments on Draft...

AI summary The text discusses the need for NSPI to take immediate action on coal-to-gas conversions at Trenton and Point Tupper Generating Stations, as suggested by Heritage Gas, and to conduct detailed engineering and economic studies. It emphasizes the importance of considering coal-to-gas conversions as part of future capacity planning and preparing proposals for competitive procurement.

o test what form of alternative resource requirements (e.g., synchronous condensing) might be necessary to limit operational restrictions on new wind resources. iii. Roadmap items #3 and #4 include monitoring unit reliability, and potentia...

AI summary The text discusses the need to evaluate alternative resource requirements such as synchronous condensing to support new wind resources. It highlights the importance of expanding roadmap items to include ELCC calculations for future resource portfolios combining wind, battery storage, demand response, and solar PV. It also notes that current models favor gas combustion turbines due to poor ELCC performance of battery and wind resources.

Sensitivity Modeling Reliability Tie Finding (2a) Action Plan (1b) Roadmap (5) Sensitivity results demonstrate the importance of new resource cost assumptions. The results of these sensitivity runs are illuminating. Scenarios 2.1C.WIND-1,...

AI summary Sensitivity modeling shows that lower wind and battery costs significantly alter the optimal resource plan, accelerating wind installations and coal retirements. NS Power acknowledges these findings and has adjusted its Action Plan accordingly.

munity Solar PV Gardens. It would be useful to discuss whether this concept is the same as DERs from the model's perspective and, if not, how it may be considered as well. - 2. The model did not select several potential technologies such a...

AI summary Bruce Cameron raises questions about the IRP model's treatment of community solar PV gardens, unselected technologies like offshore wind, tidal, and hydrogen, reliance on natural gas (CCGT), and the economic impact on NS GDP. He seeks clarification on model assumptions, reliability risks, and sourcing of goods/services.