N-9-(i)Appendices A-N
365 passages
34 Resource Cost Modeling Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix B Page 36 of 112 Fixed vs. Variable Costs for New Resources Fixed costs: expenditures required to install and maintain generating capacity, independent of operations •...
AI summary The document discusses resource cost modeling, distinguishing between fixed and variable costs for new energy resources. Fixed costs include capital and fixed O&M, while variable costs include variable O&M and fuel costs. Capacity factors are used to estimate the spread of fixed costs. Resource options considered include fossil fuels, renewables, energy storage, and emerging technologies.
enewables: biomass, municipal solid waste, solar PV, tidal, wind (onshore and offshore) Energy storage: li-ion batteries, compressed air, pumped hydro Emerging technologies: modular nuclear Conversion from coal is not an overly viable...
AI summary The document outlines renewable energy sources such as biomass, solar PV, tidal, and wind, along with energy storage options like lithium-ion batteries and pumped hydro. It also mentions emerging technologies like modular nuclear. The text notes that converting from coal is not viable, and there is pushback against operating the existing NS Power biomass facility, suggesting a lack of social license for biomass in Nova Scotia.
36 Summary of Assumptions Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix B Page 38 of 112 Capital Costs (1 of 2) – Renewables and Storage Capital Cost (2019 CAD $/kW) Technology Subtechnology 2019 2030 % Change Wind Onshore $2,100 $1,691 -19%...
AI summary The document presents capital cost data for various energy technologies, including renewables and storage, from 2019 to 2030. It highlights significant cost reductions for wind, solar PV, and battery storage technologies, while some technologies like tidal and compressed air storage show no change in costs.
Reciprocating Engine $27 $9 Nuclear Small modular reactor $140 $0 All O&M costs assumed to escalate at 2% per year. 39 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix B Page 41 of 112 NS POWER CAPITAL COST SENSITIVITIES • For certain resource...
AI summary The text discusses NS Power's approach to modeling capital cost sensitivities for various energy resources, including wind, solar, and battery storage, with different base and low-case capital costs. This is done to assess the impact on resource additions in the capacity expansion model, considering potential lower capital costs or alternative financing structures.
around these resources. • Capacity optimization models (as employed in the IRP) may not be granular enough to capture cost/benefits, particularly locational value. 2020 IRP FINAL ASSUMPTIONS SET 42 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Append...
AI summary The text discusses the limitations of capacity optimization models used in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), particularly their inability to capture the locational value of distributed energy resources (DERs). The 2020 IRP includes scenarios with mandatory DERs to ensure their consideration, even if not economically selected. Costs and benefits of DERs are evaluated separately in the resource portfolio.
Financing Lifetime (Years) 25 25 Degradation (%/year) 0.5% 0.5% 2020 IRP FINAL ASSUMPTIONS SET 44 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix B Page 46 of 112 BTM BAT TERY STORAGE : COST ASSUMPTIONS Input 1HR 4HR $/kW2020 $939 $2,330 FO&M...
AI summary The document provides cost assumptions for battery storage systems, including initial costs, financing lifetimes, and annual degradation rates. It also outlines a capital cost decline trajectory for battery storage from 2020 to 2044.
2020 IRP FINAL ASSUMPTIONS SET 52 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix B Page 54 of 112 ELCC OF SOLAR The NS Power system currently has a very small amount of solar capacity at only 1.7 MW which has an average and marginal ELCC of 5...
AI summary The document discusses the Effective Load Carrying Capacity (ELCC) of solar, battery storage, and demand response (DR) in the context of the 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) by Nova Scotia Power. It highlights that solar has a very low ELCC due to poor correlation with peak load hours, battery storage shows varying ELCC values, and DR programs exhibit diminishing ELCC values depending on their characteristics.
ults, DR exhibits diminishing average and marginal ELCC values. The ELCC of a DR program will depend on its specific characteristics. NS Power’s Marginal DR ELCC 2020 IRP FINAL ASSUMPTIONS SET 55 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix...
AI summary The document discusses the Effective Load Carrying Capacity (ELCC) of Demand Response (DR) programs, noting that DR exhibits diminishing average and marginal ELCC values. It also explores how combinations of renewable energy and storage can enhance ELCC through synergies, with specific examples of solar and wind paired with storage. A study from July 2019 is referenced.
2020 IRP FINAL ASSUMPTIONS SET 92 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix B Page 94 of 112 DUAL FUEL CAPABILITY Given the known challenges associated with securing a cost-effective firm natural gas supply source, the economics and perm...
AI summary The document discusses the dual fuel capability of combined-cycle plants and peakers, which can use ULSD, kerosene, or distillate oil. While this provides flexibility and reliability, it also has challenges like increased emissions and a 7% cost adder. The use of oil is considered a backup when natural gas supply is constrained.
o oil or vice versa poses operational challenges and can jeopardize unit availability. • There are increased emissions associated with burning oil in lieu of natural gas for fuel assurance. • Oil refill during the peak heating season has p...
AI summary The text outlines challenges associated with dual fuel capability, including increased emissions, compliance costs, and permitting issues. It also mentions the development of a natural gas storage facility by AltaGas in Nova Scotia and the potential for NS Power to contract for storage capacity if new gas units are included in the IRP recommendation.
criteria against which potential plans and resource portfolios will evaluated under each scenario, as shown in Table 6 below: Metric Description Minimization of the cumulative present value of 25 year NPV Revenue Requirement the annual rev...
AI summary The document outlines criteria for evaluating potential plans and resource portfolios under different scenarios, including minimizing revenue requirements, reliability requirements, grid services, plan robustness, emissions reduction, and flexibility. These metrics are detailed in Table 6.
SE DSM / NET ZERO 2050 / CURRENT LANDSCAPE Scenario Metrics & Evaluation Sensitivity Base (2.0A) 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $12,470 $12,193 General Notes • Without the ability to build the Reliability Tie, wind is built via the local integration op...
AI summary The text presents scenario metrics and evaluation for a DSM plan under the Net Zero 2050 initiative, comparing base and sensitivity scenarios. Key findings include higher costs in the sensitivity scenario due to reliance on local integration options like batteries and synchronous condensers, as well as impacts on grid services and resource adequacy.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 51 51 74 74 74 74 74 124 124 124 124 124 524 524 524 524 525 525 528 528 528 528 530 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...
AI summary The text presents data on various energy generation and demand response resources over time, including wind, solar, CAES, demand response, and battery storage capacities. The data shows fluctuations in capacity across different years and technologies.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 450 450 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...
AI summary The document presents data on various energy resources and their contributions over time, including wind, solar, CAES, demand response, firm imports, and battery storage capacities. The data shows fluctuations and trends in the contribution levels of these resources.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 50 50 50 50 50 50 100 100 300 350 450 450 450 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...
AI summary The document presents data on various energy generation and demand response capacities over time. Wind energy shows a steady increase, while solar, CAES, and battery storage capacities remain low or static. Demand response capacity fluctuates slightly but remains relatively stable.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 49 49 149 149 149 649 649 649 649 649 649 649 649 649 649 649 649 649 684 721 721 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...
AI summary The text presents data on the deployment of various energy resources over time, including wind, solar, compressed air energy storage (CAES), demand response, and battery storage systems (1hr and 4hr). The data shows increasing capacity for wind and demand response, while solar and CAES remain at zero. Battery 1hr capacity decreases to zero after a certain point, and Battery 4hr capacity fluctuates.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 33 33 33 33 33 133 133 133 133 133 283 333 383 433 533 533 533 533 533 533 533 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...
AI summary The text presents a table showing the capacity contributions of various energy sources over time, including wind, solar, CAES, demand response, firm imports, and batteries. Wind and firm imports show increasing capacity, while solar and CAES remain at zero. Demand response capacity peaks and then declines slightly, and battery capacities vary with some entries showing zero.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 12 112 112 112 112 362 412 612 612 612 612 612 612 612 612 612 612 612 612 612 612 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...
AI summary The text presents data on various energy generation and demand response sources over time, including wind, solar, compressed air energy storage (CAES), demand response, firm imports, and battery storage capacities. The data shows varying levels of contribution from each source across different time periods.
10 10 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 Battery 4hr 0 0 0 0 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 0
AI summary The text presents numerical data related to energy storage, specifically a battery with a 4-hour capacity. The data includes values across multiple time periods, with some entries showing zeros and others showing consistent values of 8.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 90 90 190 190 190 490 640 640 640 640 790 790 790 790 790 790 839 871 920 968 1,010 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...
AI summary The text presents a table with data related to various energy generation and storage technologies, showing their contributions over time. Wind, Demand Response, and Battery storage (1hr and 4hr) are highlighted with specific values for each year, while Solar and CAES show no contributions.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 25 25 75 75 75 125 525 575 725 725 725 725 725 725 725 725 725 725 725 725 725 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...
AI summary The table presents data on various energy resources, including wind, solar, CAES, demand response, firm imports, and battery storage capacities over time. The data shows increasing capacity for wind and demand response, while solar and CAES remain at zero. Battery storage capacities vary, with Battery 1hr showing a decline after a certain period and Battery 4hr showing minimal capacity.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 21 21 21 21 421 521 521 521 521 521 521 521 521 521 521 521 521 521 521 521 524 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...
AI summary The text presents data on various energy sources and demand response over time, showing fluctuations in capacity contributions from wind, solar, compressed air energy storage (CAES), demand response, firm imports, and battery storage systems (1hr and 4hr). The data highlights trends in energy generation and demand management strategies.
20 20 20 20 10 10 10 10 10 Battery 4hr 0 0 0 0 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 2
AI summary The table appears to present data related to battery storage capacity over different time intervals, with values increasing significantly after a certain point. The data may be related to energy storage planning or resource allocation.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 186 186 286 286 736 786 786 786 786 786 786 786 786 786 786 786 786 799 819 861 877 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 210 460 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...
AI summary The text presents data on various energy sources and their capacities over time, including wind, solar, compressed air energy storage (CAES), demand response, firm imports, and battery storage (1hr and 4hr). The data shows fluctuations and growth in capacity for each energy source across different time periods.
10 10 10 10 0 0 0 0 10 Battery 4hr 0 0 0 0 124 124 124 124 124 124 124 124 124 124 124 124 124 124 124 124 124 133 146 174 61
AI summary The text presents numerical data related to battery storage capacity over time, indicating a consistent capacity of 124 units from year 10 to year 13, with a gradual increase starting from year 14.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 21 21 271 321 471 521 521 521 521 521 521 521 521 521 521 521 534 588 638 686 728 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...
AI summary The text presents data on various energy generation and demand response sources over time, including wind, solar, compressed air energy storage (CAES), demand response, firm imports, and battery storage capacities. It outlines the capacity levels for each source across different time periods.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 171 171 221 221 521 821 821 871 871 871 871 871 871 871 916 979 1,004 1,021 1,069 1,117 1,157 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 210 400 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...
AI summary The text provides data on energy generation and demand response over time, including contributions from wind, solar, compressed air energy storage (CAES), demand response, firm imports, and battery storage (1hr and 4hr). The data shows varying levels of output and capacity for each source across different periods.
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Battery 4hr 0 0 0 0 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 144 186 203 214 246 278 191 Sensitivities
AI summary The text presents a table with data related to battery storage capacity over time, likely as part of a sensitivity analysis. The values indicate varying levels of battery output, potentially in relation to energy storage or grid planning.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 50 51 54 54 54 54 54 204 254 354 404 504 504 504 504 504 504 504 504 504 504 504 504 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...
AI summary The text presents a table with data on various energy sources and their capacities over time, including Wind, Solar, CAES, Demand Response, Firm Imports, and Battery storage (1hr and 4hr). The data shows fluctuations in capacity for Wind and Demand Response, while Solar and CAES remain at zero. Battery 1hr capacity increases from 10 to 20 and then back to 10, and Battery 4hr capacity shows minimal changes.
20 20 20 20 20 10 10 10 10 10 Battery 4hr 0 0 0 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 0
AI summary The text presents a table with numerical data, likely related to energy storage or battery capacity over different time periods. The values in the table show varying levels of battery capacity (e.g., 4hr) across different years, with some entries showing zero and others showing higher values.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 10 60 110 110 110 560 560 560 560 560 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...
AI summary The table presents data on various energy resources and their capacities over time, with Wind and Firm Imports showing significant increases, while Solar, CAES, and Battery 4hr show limited or no capacity changes. Demand Response capacity initially increases and then gradually decreases.
20 20 20 20 20 10 10 10 0 0 Battery 4hr 0 0 0 0 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0
AI summary The text presents numerical data related to battery storage capacity, with 'Battery 4hr' listed across multiple time intervals, indicating potential energy storage and discharge patterns over time.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 418 468 618 618 618 618 618 618 718 718 730 730 730 730 730 730 730 730 730 730 730 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...
AI summary The text presents numerical data on various energy sources and demand response over time, including wind, solar, compressed air energy storage (CAES), demand response, firm imports, and battery storage capacities. The data shows trends and changes in output and capacity for each source.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 59 59 109 109 109 109 309 409 409 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...
AI summary The document presents data on energy sources and demand response over time, showing fluctuations in wind, solar, CAES, demand response, firm imports, and battery storage capacities. The data highlights changes in energy generation and storage capabilities across different time intervals.
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 Battery 4hr 0 0 0 0 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0
AI summary The text presents a table with numerical data, likely related to energy storage capacity or battery performance, with 'Battery 4hr' indicating a 4-hour battery system and values spanning from 0 to 6 across various time intervals.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 1 1 3 53 53 53 53 353 353 353 353 403 453 503 503 503 503 504 504 504 504 504 504 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...
AI summary The document presents a table outlining the generation and demand response capacities for various energy sources over time. Wind, Demand Response, Firm Imports, and Battery storage capacities are detailed across multiple years, indicating growth and changes in energy infrastructure.
0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 Battery 4hr 0 0 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 1
AI summary The text presents a table with data related to a 'Battery 4hr' entry, indicating values across multiple columns. The context and discussion are unclear, but the table appears to represent some form of energy or resource data, possibly related to battery storage capacity or performance metrics.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 100 250 400 450 450 450 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...
AI summary The document presents data on various energy resources and their capacities over time, including wind, solar, CAES, demand response, firm imports, and battery storage. It shows fluctuating values for these resources across different time periods, with wind and demand response showing notable changes.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 31 139 139 139 139 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 748 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 550 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...
AI summary The document presents a table with energy generation and demand response data across various technologies and time periods. Wind, Solar, CAES, Demand Response, Firm Imports, and Battery storage capacities are listed with corresponding values over multiple years.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 100 101 631 631 631 631 631 631 631 631 631 631 631 631 631 631 631 631 631 631 631 631 634 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...
AI summary The text presents data on various energy sources and their capacities over time, including wind, solar, CAES, demand response, firm imports, and battery storage. The data shows fluctuations and growth in capacity for wind and firm imports, while solar and CAES remain unchanged. Demand response capacity decreases slightly over time, and battery storage capacities are minimal.
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Battery 4hr 0 0 0 1 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 20 2
AI summary The text presents a table with data related to battery storage capacity, showing values ranging from 0 to 21 across multiple columns, with the last entry being 20 in the final column. The data appears to be part of a larger analysis or report on energy storage systems.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 300 600 676 676 676 676 676 676 676 676 676 676 676 676 676 676 676 676 676 676 676 676 681 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...
AI summary The text presents data on various energy resources, including wind, solar, CAES, demand response, firm imports, and battery storage capacities over time. Wind and firm imports show significant increases, while solar and CAES remain unchanged. Demand response and battery capacities show fluctuations, with battery 1hr decreasing after a certain point.
10 10 10 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 Battery 4hr 0 0 0 0 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 3
AI summary The text appears to be a table with numerical data, likely related to energy storage or battery performance, with 'Battery 4hr' as a label and values ranging from 0 to 51 across multiple columns.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 50 53 103 103 103 103 103 303 403 453 603 603 603 603 603 603 603 603 603 603 603 603 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...
AI summary The text presents a table with various energy sources and their associated values across different time periods. Wind, Firm Imports, Battery 1hr, and Battery 4hr show varying levels of activity, while Solar and CAES remain at zero. Demand Response shows a gradual decline over time.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 50 150 300 300 550 550 550 550 650 650 700 700 850 850 900 900 1,000 1,050 1,100 1,100 1,250 1,250 1,250 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...
AI summary The document presents a table with energy generation and demand data across various sources, including wind, solar, CAES, demand response, firm imports, and battery storage capacities over time. The data shows varying contributions from each source, with wind and demand response showing significant changes, while solar and CAES remain at zero.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 10 10 10 10 60 60 60 610 610 610 610 610 612 612 612 612 612 612 612 612 612 612 613 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...
AI summary The text presents numerical data related to various energy sources and demand response over multiple time periods. Wind, Demand Response, Firm Imports, and Battery storage capacities are highlighted with varying values across different years or intervals.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 150 150 150 150 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 338 346 353 383 383 383 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...
AI summary The document presents data on various energy resources, including wind, solar, CAES, demand response, firm imports, and battery storage capacities over time. The figures indicate varying levels of capacity for each resource across different time periods.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 56 106 106 106 106 556 606 606 606 606 606 606 606 606 606 606 606 606 606 606 606 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...
AI summary The text presents data on various energy sources and demand response contributions over time. Wind and Firm Imports show significant increases, while Solar and CAES remain at zero. Demand Response fluctuates slightly, and Battery 1hr and Battery 4hr show limited contributions.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 153 253 303 303 303 553 553 553 553 603 603 603 603 603 603 603 603 603 603 603 603 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...
AI summary The text presents a table showing energy generation and demand response data over time, with Wind, Solar, CAES, Demand Response, Firm Imports, and Battery storage capacities listed for different time periods. The data reflects varying levels of energy production and demand response contributions.
10 0 0 0 0 0 Battery 4hr 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0
AI summary The text presents a table with numerical data, likely related to energy storage capacity or battery performance, with 'Battery 4hr' as a key reference. The data shows varying values over time, but no specific context or explanation is provided in the text.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 15 15 15 15 15 115 315 465 565 615 615 615 615 615 615 615 616 616 616 616 616 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...
AI summary The text presents data on energy sources and demand response over time, showing trends for wind, solar, CAES, demand response, firm imports, and battery storage. Wind and firm imports show significant increases, while solar and CAES remain flat. Demand response decreases gradually, and battery storage shows initial deployment followed by a decline.
10 0 0 0 0 10 Battery 4hr 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 Installed Capacity Changes Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix F Page 15 of 25 Final Portfolio Study
AI summary The text presents a table showing installed capacity changes, specifically for Battery 4hr, and references the Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix F, Page 15 of 25, which includes a Final Portfolio Study.
4 Diesel CTs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 4 3 4 1 2 Maritime Link Blocks 1,133 1,133 1,133 1,134 1,133 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 Demand Response 0 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3...
AI summary The text presents data on various energy resources and capacities over time, including Diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, Demand Response, Non Firm Market, CAES, Battery Generation, and Firm Imports, with numerical values indicating their capacities across different time periods.
1.0C GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 3,966 3,713 3,624 3,607 3,546 3,546 3,455 3,517 3,248 1,900 1,864 1,766 1,745 1,759 1...
AI summary The text provides a table showing the generation output from various sources (coal, gas, and hydro) over the years from 2021 to 2045. It outlines the gradual decline in coal generation and the introduction of new gas generation sources, including compressed air energy storage (CAES) and combined cycle (CCs) and combustion turbine (CTs) units.
4 Diesel CTs 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 1 0 3 2 3 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Maritime Link Blocks 1,133 1,133 1,133 1,134 1,133 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 893 894 894 894 894 893 894 894 893 Demand Response 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 2...
AI summary The text presents numerical data related to various energy generation and demand response resources across different time periods, including Diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, Demand Response, Non Firm Market, CAES, Battery Generation, and Firm Imports.
4 Diesel CTs 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 3 4 6 1 2 Maritime Link Blocks 1,133 1,133 1,133 1,134 1,133 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 Demand Response 0 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 3...
AI summary The text presents numerical data across various categories such as Diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, Demand Response, Non Firm Market, CAES, Battery Generation, and Firm Imports. The data appears to be related to energy generation and resource planning.
4 4 4 Diesel CTs 0 0 1 1 0 6 5 6 4 4 3 2 2 2 3 5 1 1 0 1 0 4 5 4 5 Maritime Link Blocks 1,133 1,133 1,133 1,134 1,133 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 893 893 894 894 894 894 894 894 893 893 893 894 894 Demand Response 0 1 1 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 3 3...
AI summary The text presents numerical data related to various energy generation and management components, including Diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, Demand Response, Non Firm Market, CAES, Battery Generation, and Firm Imports. These figures appear to represent capacity or usage metrics across different time periods.
4 4 4 Diesel CTs 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 0 2 2 2 1 0 Maritime Link Blocks 1,133 1,133 1,133 1,134 1,133 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 Demand Response 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 3...
AI summary The text presents numerical data related to various energy generation and demand response metrics over a period of time. It includes data on diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, demand response, non firm market, CAES, and battery generation. The data appears to be part of a regulatory proceeding analysis.
4 4 4 Diesel CTs 1 1 0 1 2 3 8 3 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 2 3 3 0 Maritime Link Blocks 1,133 1,133 1,133 1,134 1,133 894 894 894 893 893 893 894 893 893 894 894 893 894 893 894 893 893 893 894 893 Demand Response 0 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3...
AI summary The text presents numerical data related to various energy resources and capacities, including Diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, Demand Response, Non Firm Market, CAES, Battery Generation, and Firm Imports over a period of time. The data reflects fluctuations in capacity and generation levels.
26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Biomass 335 348 354 354 352 347 353 352 348 361 359 349 355 356 360 352 353 353 361 354 355 354 354 357 360 Wind 1,903 1,898 1,899 1,899 1,941 2,272 2,273 2,272 2,270 3,105 3,253 3,766 3,7...
AI summary The document presents a table with data on various energy sources and their contributions over time, including biomass, wind, solar, diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, Demand Response, and Non Firm Market, with figures varying across different periods.
48 1,705 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Battery Generation 0.52 0.62 0.45 0.63 5.65 8.05 8.25 7.62 8.29 9.07 10.33 12.98 13.37 13.35 12.91 10.79 10.54 10.17 9.45 11.02 6.92 7.04 7.14 7.18 0.00 Firm Imports 0 948 972...
AI summary The text presents numerical data on energy generation and imports, including CAES and Battery Generation figures, as well as Firm Imports over a period of time. The data indicates fluctuations in energy production and import levels.
2,051 2,259 2,315 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Battery Generation 0.56 3.04 2.82 3.20 44.03 40.07 47.13 46.69 48.02 63.98 82.04 79.05 79.53 78.70 93.34 88.78 86.92 87.72 87.14 78.84 111.94 133.53 175.97 213.05 188...
AI summary The text presents numerical data related to energy generation and imports, including figures for CAES and Battery Generation across multiple time periods. The data indicates that CAES has no contributions, while Battery Generation shows increasing values over time.
69 1,875 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Battery Generation 0.35 0.58 0.48 0.53 11.57 12.91 14.37 15.21 16.21 17.54 21.64 21.20 25.60 24.37 23.14 22.53 21.74 20.82 21.04 22.56 18.26 20.10 20.06 18.91 0.00 Firm Import...
AI summary The text presents data on energy generation and imports, including figures for Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) and Battery Generation, as well as Firm Imports over a period of time. This data is part of an Annual Energy Balance report from Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Final Report Appendix F.
1,313 1,361 1,426 1,408 1,401 1,376 1,377 1,386 1,413 1,408 1,434 1,468 1,481 1,483 1,573 1,582 1,750 1,832 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Battery Generation 0.51 0.60 0.49 2.55 11.58 14.19 16.77 15.43 19.69 21.20 2...
AI summary The text presents numerical data related to energy generation and imports over a period of time. It includes figures for total energy, CAES (Compressed Air Energy Storage), Battery Generation, and Firm Imports, indicating trends and variations in energy production and import levels.
0 0 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Biomass 332 350 357 356 348 351 342 345 349 352 356 354 354 355 354 358 363 359 370 363 361 372 401 405 413 Wind 1,903 1,899 1,899 1,897 2,530 2,530 2,846 2,849 4,116...
AI summary The text presents data on various energy generation sources and their capacities over time, including biomass, wind, solar, diesel combined turbines, and the Maritime Link Blocks. It also includes information on demand response and non-firm market capacities.
,317 1,317 1,304 1,412 1,628 1,630 1,649 1,645 1,652 1,677 1,711 1,732 1,743 1,757 1,790 1,818 1,853 1,943 1,906 1,921 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Battery Generation 0.51 0.62 0.60 0.66 66.83 65.00 87.49 90.97 13...
AI summary The text presents numerical data representing various energy generation and import figures over time, including CAES, battery generation, and firm imports. The data shows fluctuations and trends in energy production and imports.
0 0 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Biomass 335 351 345 350 343 349 348 349 344 351 354 350 349 350 350 351 354 351 358 351 353 361 371 411 410 Wind 1,903 1,896 1,898 1,898 1,968 1,972 2,805 2,933 3,319...
AI summary The text presents data on various energy sources and their capacities over time, including biomass, wind, solar, diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, demand response, and non-firm market contributions. It highlights fluctuations and trends in energy generation and capacity.
,802 1,531 1,390 1,325 1,457 1,449 1,487 1,474 1,484 1,535 1,585 1,567 1,609 1,645 1,716 1,769 1,822 1,926 1,968 1,961 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Battery Generation 0.46 0.67 0.59 0.83 11.82 7.05 12.65 14.36 19....
AI summary The text presents numerical data related to energy generation and imports, including figures for CAES, battery generation, and firm imports over a multi-year period. It appears to be part of an annual energy balance report from Nova Scotia Power's IRP Final Report.
0 0 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Biomass 334 346 345 355 351 352 348 346 359 354 360 353 354 355 354 358 364 359 363 364 366 385 410 414 417 Wind 1,903 1,900 1,897 1,899 2,479 2,479 2,638 2,641 3,592...
AI summary The text presents data on various energy generation sources and their capacities over time, including biomass, wind, solar, diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, demand response, and non-firm market contributions. The data indicates fluctuations and trends in capacity from 2000 to 2020.
,320 1,321 1,326 1,496 1,685 1,703 1,703 1,668 1,701 1,742 1,761 1,768 1,800 1,835 1,856 1,904 2,041 2,131 2,090 2,110 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Battery Generation 0.49 0.54 0.48 0.70 71.72 74.19 81.93 91.74 10...
AI summary The document presents numerical data on energy generation and imports over time, including contributions from CAES, battery generation, and firm imports. The data includes figures for different years, showing fluctuations in energy production and import levels.
0 0 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Biomass 333 353 349 344 338 343 338 364 363 357 352 345 343 346 352 350 350 349 359 359 360 362 360 362 359 Wind 1,903 1,903 2,073 2,078 2,088 2,088 2,088 2,089 2,090...
AI summary The document presents data on energy generation sources, including biomass, wind, solar, diesel CTs, and Maritime Link Blocks, along with demand response and non-firm market contributions over a period of time. It outlines the fluctuation in generation capacity for each source.
2,292 2,284 2,295 2,279 2,087 2,067 1,969 2,054 2,081 2,061 2,100 2,295 2,122 2,132 2,097 2,071 2,063 2,040 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Battery Generation 0.51 0.42 1.27 2.23 3.31 2.91 3.19 1.48 1.87 2.85 3.28 4....
AI summary The text presents a series of numerical values over time, with entries for CAES, Battery Generation, and Firm Imports. The values for CAES and Firm Imports are consistently zero, while Battery Generation shows fluctuating values over the time period.
0 0 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Biomass 335 351 351 354 361 346 345 344 343 352 347 343 346 348 346 347 348 351 341 353 356 355 352 354 357 Wind 1,903 1,900 1,899 1,901 1,933 2,099 2,262 2,267 2,259...
AI summary The text presents numerical data related to various energy sources and programs, including biomass, wind, solar, diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, demand response, and non-firm market participation, across multiple time periods.
1,133 1,133 1,134 1,133 894 894 894 893 893 893 894 894 894 894 894 894 893 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 Demand Response 0 0 1 2 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Non Firm Market 2,299 1,347 1,344 1,329 1,347 1,455 1,387 1,384 1,371...
AI summary The text presents numerical data across various categories, including Demand Response, Non Firm Market, CAES, Battery Generation, and Firm Imports. The data appears to represent values over time, likely related to energy production, consumption, or market activities.
1,133 1,133 1,134 1,133 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 893 894 894 894 894 894 893 894 893 Demand Response 0 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 Non Firm Market 2,278 1,343 1,326 1,315 1,315 1,323 1,321 1,320 1,308...
AI summary The text presents numerical data across various categories, including Demand Response, Non Firm Market, CAES, Battery Generation, and Firm Imports, with fluctuating values over time. The data appears to represent energy-related metrics, possibly from a regulatory proceeding.
1,133 1,133 1,134 1,133 894 894 894 894 894 894 59 894 894 894 894 893 894 894 894 894 893 893 894 894 Demand Response 0 0 1 2 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 59 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Non Firm Market 2,300 1,338 1,329 1,318 1,314 1,310 1,312 1,301 1,289...
AI summary The text presents numerical data across various categories, including Demand Response, Non Firm Market, CAES, Battery Generation, and Firm Imports, with values varying over time. The data appears to be related to energy generation and distribution metrics.
1,312 1,293 1,238 1,238 1,104 1,104 1,324 1,310 1,281 1,294 1,302 1,293 1,590 1,588 1,594 1,624 1,627 1,648 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Battery Generation 0.55 0.68 0.50 0.81 3.38 3.15 3.93 3.48 3.48 4.12 4.75 5....
AI summary The text presents a series of numerical values, likely representing energy generation and import data over time. It includes entries for Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES), Battery Generation, and Firm Imports, with values varying across different time periods.
1,317 1,193 1,707 1,616 1,628 1,631 1,636 1,622 1,640 1,662 1,677 1,696 1,740 1,712 1,824 1,920 1,882 1,880 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Battery Generation 0.65 0.62 0.59 12.20 47.16 44.81 48.17 47.84 118.09 119.4...
AI summary The text presents numerical data spanning multiple years, showing figures related to energy storage (CAES), battery generation, and firm imports. These numbers likely represent energy production or import volumes over time, though the context and units are not specified.
0 0 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Biomass 333 350 346 345 344 340 340 345 345 345 346 347 342 348 350 352 351 350 346 353 356 354 353 350 353 Wind 1,902 1,896 2,231 2,242 3,817 3,817 3,822 3,819 3,802...
AI summary The document presents data on various energy sources and their contributions over time, including biomass, wind, solar, diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, Demand Response, and Non Firm Market. The data shows fluctuations and trends in energy generation and demand response across different periods.
1,385 1,356 1,343 1,341 1,339 1,344 1,346 1,353 1,349 1,366 1,377 1,324 1,628 1,619 1,626 1,642 1,621 1,641 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Battery Generation 0.68 0.53 1.69 2.13 28.75 24.19 26.41 26.09 26.35 26.58 2...
AI summary The text presents numerical data related to energy generation and imports, including values for CAES, Battery Generation, and Firm Imports over multiple years. It also references an 'Annual Energy Balance' section from the Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix F, Page 22 of 25.
4 4 4 Diesel CTs 0 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Maritime Link Blocks 1,133 1,133 1,133 1,134 1,133 893 894 894 894 893 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 893 894 893 894 894 Demand Response 0 1 1 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3...
AI summary The text presents numerical data related to various energy resources including Diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, Demand Response, Non Firm Market, and Battery Generation. It appears to be a table or data summary from a regulatory proceeding, showing quantities or capacities over different periods or categories.
4 4 4 4 Diesel CTs 0 1 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 Maritime Link Blocks 1,133 1,133 1,133 1,134 1,133 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 893 894 894 894 893 894 894 894 893 Demand Response 0 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3...
AI summary The text presents data on various energy generation and demand response capacities over time, including diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, demand response, non firm market, and CAES and battery generation. The data indicates fluctuations in capacity levels across different years.
4 4 4 4 Diesel CTs 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 4 4 3 5 4 4 7 5 7 4 3 2 3 4 4 Maritime Link Blocks 1,133 1,133 1,133 1,134 1,133 894 893 894 893 893 893 894 893 893 893 894 893 893 893 893 893 893 893 893 893 Demand Response 0 1 1 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3...
AI summary The document presents data on various energy generation and demand management resources over time, including diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, demand response, non firm market capacity, and CAES and battery generation capacities. These figures show fluctuations and trends in capacity levels across different time periods.
S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Battery Generation 0.53 0.52 4.61 4.29 3.80 5.08 5.50 5.61 6.36 10.00 10.16 9.64 9.97 9.45 10.47 9.55 9.65 9.12 10.46 9.76 6.52 6.55 0.51 0.48 1.14 Firm Imports 0 949 962 970 974 978 975...
AI summary The text presents numerical data related to battery generation and firm imports over a period of time, indicating fluctuations in values. The data may be part of a larger analysis or report on energy generation and import trends.
S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Battery Generation 0.60 0.59 0.50 0.71 2.04 2.07 2.29 2.29 2.52 2.80 2.88 4.05 4.51 4.48 4.70 4.36 4.34 4.01 3.52 3.63 0.98 1.46 1.82 1.77 0.00 Firm Imports 0 948 947 945 945 1,458 1,459...
AI summary The document presents data on battery generation and firm imports over time, showing variations in output and import levels. The figures indicate fluctuations in energy production and import volumes, which may be relevant for analyzing energy supply and demand dynamics.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Battery Generation 0.49 0.51 0.65 0.61 4.58 5.15 5.23 3.31 3.12 7.94 8.52 8.22 8.24 9.25 8.78 8.67 8.33 8.06 8.85 8.08 4.00 3.88 3.90 3.92 0.00 Firm Imports 0 948 968 977 976 975 972 971 1,...
AI summary The document presents data on battery generation and firm imports over time, showing fluctuating values. Battery generation starts at 0.49 and peaks at 9.25, while firm imports begin at 0 and increase up to 2,390.
26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Biomass 331 352 357 369 368 362 360 362 353 351 347 348 350 349 350 349 350 356 358 354 354 351 353 353 356 Wind 1,901 1,898 1,900 1,903 2,422 2,754 2,918 2,920 2,908 3,603 3,605 3,611 3,621 3,7...
AI summary The text presents data on various energy generation sources, including biomass, wind, solar, diesel combined turbines, and compressed air energy storage (CAES), along with demand response and non-firm market contributions over time. The data reflects fluctuations in output levels across different years.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Battery Generation 0.54 0.65 0.42 0.45 2.10 2.90 3.29 3.14 2.58 4.36 4.37 4.15 4.30 6.08 5.79 5.62 5.37 5.61 5.04 5.49 1.81 1.88 1.81 1.81 0.00 Firm Imports 0 950 969 949 953 960 965 973 98...
AI summary The text presents data on battery generation and firm imports over a period of time, showing fluctuating values for each. Battery generation ranges from 0.00 to 6.08, while firm imports range from 0 to 2,395.
26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Biomass 342 353 353 352 347 354 351 360 380 355 355 351 353 352 365 369 365 392 380 376 374 374 373 373 374 Wind 1,904 1,899 1,897 1,899 2,078 2,239 2,239 2,242 2,254 3,225 3,227 3,744 3,754 3,757...
AI summary The text presents numerical data across various energy sources and programs, including biomass, wind, solar, diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, demand response, non-firm market, and CAES. The data appears to represent energy generation or capacity over time, but no specific claims or arguments are made in the text.
mptions Capital Costs (1 of 2) – Renewables and Storage Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 11 of 321 Capital Cost (2019 CAD $/kW) Technology Subtechnology 2019 2030 % Change Wind Onshore $2,100 $1,691 -19% Offshore $4,726 $...
AI summary The document presents capital cost data for various renewable energy and storage technologies in Nova Scotia for 2019 and 2030, showing significant decreases in costs for wind, solar PV, and battery storage technologies, while some technologies like tidal and compressed air storage remain unchanged.
5 Summary of Proposed Assumptions Operating Costs – All Technologies Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 13 of 321 Operating Cost Technology Subtechnology Fixed O&M Variable O&M ($/kW-yr) ($/MWh) Wind Onshore $59 $0 Offshore...
AI summary The document presents operating costs for various energy technologies, including fixed and variable O&M costs for wind, solar, biomass, tidal, storage, coal, natural gas, and nuclear. All O&M costs are assumed to escalate at 2% per year.
32 Resource Options Considered Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 52 of 321 Fossil fuels: coal-to-gas, coal-to-biomass , natural gas (CC, CT, reciprocating engine, CC w/ carbon capture and storage) Renewables: biomass,...
AI summary The document outlines various resource options considered in Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), including fossil fuels, renewables, energy storage, and emerging technologies. It also describes the process for modeling resource costs, including capital, O&M, fuel prices, and financing assumptions, to forecast levelized costs for Nova Scotia Power from 2019 to 2050.
tives = Levelized Cost Forecasts Levelized Costs Costs to NSPI, 2019-2050 (Energy $/MWh, Capacity $/kW-yr) 34 Summary of Proposed Assumptions Capital Costs (1 of 2) – Renewables and Storage Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Pag...
AI summary The document presents levelized cost forecasts for various renewable energy technologies and storage solutions from 2019 to 2050, highlighting significant cost reductions over time, particularly for onshore wind, offshore wind, solar PV, and lithium-ion batteries.
36 Summary of Proposed Assumptions Operating Costs – All Technologies Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 56 of 321 Operating Cost Technology Subtechnology Fixed O&M Variable O&M ($/kW-yr) ($/MWh) Wind Onshore $54 $0 Offshor...
AI summary The document presents operating cost assumptions for various energy technologies, including fixed and variable O&M costs for wind, solar, biomass, tidal, storage, coal, natural gas, and nuclear technologies, with all costs assumed to escalate at 2% per year.
IRP ASSUMPTIONS SET 39 DISTRIBUTED RESOURCES Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 59 of 321 MODELING • Given the challenges with the scale of DERs vs the granularity of IRP modeling, these resources will be examined via scena...
AI summary The document discusses assumptions related to distributed resources (DERs) in the 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), including modeling approaches and cost trajectories for distributed solar. It outlines how DERs will be incorporated into the IRP, considering their scale and modeling constraints.
2020 IRP ASSUMPTIONS SET 50 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 70 of 321 ELCC OF SOLAR The NSPI system currently has a very small amount of solar capacity at only 1.7 MW which has an average and marginal ELCC of 5%. Solar h...
AI summary The document discusses the Effective Load-Carrying Capability (ELCC) of various resources, including solar, battery storage, and demand response, within the context of Nova Scotia Power's 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP). It highlights the limited ELCC of solar due to poor correlation with peak load hours and the diminishing ELCC values for all resources as capacity increases.
atural gas to oil or vice versa poses operational challenges and can jeopardize unit availability • Increased emissions associated with burning oil in lieu of natural gas for fuel assurance • Oil refill during the peak heating season has p...
AI summary The document outlines challenges associated with dual fuel capability, including increased emissions, compliance costs, and logistical issues with oil delivery. It also discusses the development of a natural gas storage facility by AltaGas in Nova Scotia and potential NS Power involvement.
at onshore wind is the least- cost resource today (E3, NSPI Resource Options Study, p. 15). This includes the application of the full possible range of wind and solar integration strategies including: (1) ensuring system operations reflect...
AI summary The text discusses strategies for integrating wind and solar energy into the grid, emphasizing joint system operations between NS Power and NB Power, sub-hourly scheduling, demand response strategies, and improved forecasting. It highlights the importance of expanding market integration, particularly with ISO-NE, and utilizing demand response for energy storage.
Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 126 of 321 Input on Draft Assumptions Set Page 2 of 10 procurement that allows self-build options to compete with private developer offerings. We were somewhat surprised to learn that deco...
AI summary The text discusses the importance of including decommissioning costs in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) model, even though they may be small relative to other costs. It also highlights the need to consider flexible solar and hybrid (renewable + storage) resources as supply-side capacity options, noting their potential to provide inexpensive reserves and their absence from the current Assumptions Set.
rid resources) can be relevant to the capacity need. These resources can provide relatively inexpensive regulating and operating reserves during many hours of the year. Adding these resources to the 1 This may be inconsistent with NS Power...
AI summary The text discusses the relevance of flexible resources, such as solar and storage, to capacity needs and their potential to provide inexpensive reserves. It references studies and responses from NS Power on accounting policies, resource options, and utility-managed curtailment.
O&M $/kw- $/kW $/MWh $/kW $/kw-yr $/MWh Technology Subtech yr Wind Onshore $2,100 $54 $0 $1,485- $38- $0 2,025 49 Offshore $4,726 $108 $0 $3,173- $108- $0 4,793 149 Solar PV Tracking $2,250 $20 $0 $1,485 $16 $0 Storage Battery $814 $8 $0 $...
AI summary The text provides cost data for various energy technologies, including wind, solar PV, storage, natural gas, and nuclear, with specific figures for capital costs and other metrics. It also notes a discrepancy between the capital cost estimate for solar PV and recent estimates from the US NREL Annual Technology Baseline.
inconsistent with all but a few very high recent estimates. 7 As shown below, those forecasts showing similar costs in 2019 were 5 NS Power, Draft Assumptions Set (January 20, 2020), Slides 35-37. 6 Lazard, Lazard’s Levelized Cost of Energ...
AI summary The text discusses discrepancies in cost estimates for solar PV and combined-cycle natural gas, noting that NS Power's assumptions are inconsistent with recent projections from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and Lazard. It highlights the need for alignment with other sources and consideration of variable O&M costs and charging costs for storage technologies.
012 Clerk of the Board Nova Scotia Utility and Review Board Box 1692, Unit “M” Halifax, Nova Scotia. B3J 3S3 Subject; Proposed Annual Capital Expenditure Plan (ACE Plan 2012) (NSPI) Dear Sir/Madam; Nova Scotia Power Inc., is applying for a...
AI summary The letter expresses concern over Nova Scotia Power Inc.'s proposed ACE Plan 2012, highlighting the lack of emphasis on grid upgrades, particularly the 69kv transmission line in the Annapolis Valley. It emphasizes the outdated nature of the grid system and the need for investment in renewable energy and infrastructure, such as a CHP plant through the COMMFIT program.
ies. Not only would this investment allow these facilities to hedge against rising fuel costs in the future, but the overall reduction of GHG would be a significant benefit to the province as a whole. The consultants findings are summarize...
AI summary The submission highlights the benefits of investing in facilities to hedge against rising fuel costs and reduce GHG emissions. However, consultants identified risks related to distribution interconnection and the age of the grid, which may hinder the implementation of renewable energy projects, including a CHP plant.
Digby Submissions February 14, 2020 Page 2 of 62 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 143 of 321 The ability of the utility system to accommodate renewable energy technologies is very much driven by the degree of variability...
AI summary The text discusses the challenges of integrating renewable energy into the utility system due to variability and the need for reliability and voltage control. It highlights the potential of energy storage and smart grid technologies to address these issues, while noting the regulatory constraints and the need for future voltage regulation changes.
The use of energy storage and dispatchable load to manage vari- modification could be implemented at negligible cost, and would ations in renewable energy output is a problem of nearly universal increase WEC field power capability to 33 MW...
AI summary The text discusses the use of energy storage and dispatchable load to manage variability in renewable energy output, highlighting the potential benefits of controlled EV charging for Nova Scotia’s grid. It emphasizes the importance of understanding EV usage patterns and their impact on the electrical system.
n plug in and charge. The significance of the driving patterns is tions and vehicle use. Specifically, to understand the energy made doubly important when one considers three possible effects requirements of vehicles, it is necessary to kn...
AI summary The text discusses the impact of electric vehicles (EVs) on the energy system, focusing on three charging strategies: convenience charging, time-of-day (TOD) charging, and smart charging. It highlights the importance of understanding vehicle usage patterns to estimate grid impacts and the potential for EVs to provide grid services when managed effectively.
and renewable electricity generation. trolling the export transmission loads could correspondingly per- mit increased local generation capacity. General Electric (GE), the 2.1. Vehicle populations manufacturer of the WECs in use at the win...
AI summary The document discusses the potential for increased local generation capacity in Digby through the use of WindBOOST software, which enhances the output of wind energy converters. It also references vehicle population data from Digby, Conway Area, and Digby County for analysis purposes.
ents 302, 303 loads Substation Conway (77 V) Transformer Primary voltage 1 min Fig. 2. Logic diagram for ‘‘Simple Charging” algorithm. The output is a load profile of each vehicle, which are then aggregated to become fleet charging loads.
AI summary The text describes a logic diagram for a 'Simple Charging' algorithm used to generate load profiles for electric vehicles, which are then aggregated to form fleet charging loads. It includes a substation and transformer detail, though the main focus is on the algorithm and its output.
Nova Scotia Power TOD Rates in electricity markets. In Digby, the constraint of interest is power Workdays Dec 1 - Feb 28 export on transmission line L-5533 (see Fig. 1). When the WEC field is at maximum generating capacity (30 MW), and th...
AI summary The text discusses Nova Scotia Power's Time of Day (TOD) rates and how real-time monitoring and signaling on a transmission line could be used to manage EV charging, particularly during low load periods to avoid export limitations.
ed and commercial vehicles, respectively. Commercial and private charging load profiles were then multiplied by the presumed adop- tion fraction for each class (10% for both), and summed together to produce a regional vehicle fleet chargin...
AI summary The text outlines a method for estimating EV charging load profiles by considering adoption rates and adjusting export power peaks to match energy demand. It describes a smart charging algorithm that balances vehicle energy needs with grid export capacity, as illustrated in a flow diagram.
ppendix H Page 150 of 321 N.S. Pearre, L.G. Swan / Energy Conversion and Management 109 (2016) 130–139 135 can only occur when both wind production is high and when local during the day, and WEC output, which peaks at night, mean that load...
AI summary The text discusses the relationship between wind energy production and electricity exports, noting that exports are more likely at night when wind production peaks and local loads are low. It also mentions the impact of EV charging on the electricity grid, highlighting potential challenges during peak demand periods.
or might be at its maximum output of 30+ MW. 4. Results 4.2. Impact of EV charging on the electricity grid
AI summary The document discusses the impact of electric vehicle (EV) charging on the electricity grid, particularly in the context of potential maximum output from renewable energy sources such as wind energy converters (WEC) reaching 30+ MW.
results, because such conditions, when local loads are not at their evening. This is characteristic of areas with electric heat that is minimum, do not negatively impact the export transmission often turned down at night when businesses ar...
AI summary The text discusses variations in electricity generation and load profiles, focusing on the impact of electric vehicles on the grid. It highlights how wind generation is higher at night and lower during the day, and how different EV charging algorithms affect local load profiles and export probabilities.
MW (peak to ity is more fully described in Fig. 8. Both heating loads and wind trough) to 5 or 6 MW. TOD charging (cyan) adds load when they production increase during the winter, but the frequency of are low overnight, and it can be clear...
AI summary The text discusses the relationship between heating loads, wind energy production, and electricity exports during colder months. It highlights how TOD charging adds load during low overnight hours and how smart charging exhibits inconsistent timing but corresponds to charging at times of low load.
-5533 (left axis) 28 8 Aggregate EV Charging Power 10% of fleet, Convenience Charging (right axis) 21 10% of fleet, TOD Charging (right axis) 6 Export Power (MW) 10% of fleet, Smart Charging (right axis) 14 4 7 2 (MW) 0 0 -7 -14 -21
AI summary The text presents a graph showing aggregate EV charging power and export power in MW, with different charging scenarios (convenience, TOD, and smart charging) for 10% of the fleet, highlighting variations in power demand and export.
exceedance probability curves, which are presented in Fig. 13 in worst exports by about 0.6 MW, while Ideal Smart Charging linear (left) and logarithmic (right) plots. (magenta) reduces the worst exports by 3 MW. The plot on the left of Fi...
AI summary The analysis compares different EV charging algorithms in Digby, showing that all reduce the frequency of electricity exports compared to the existing system. However, convenience charging has minimal impact on the most challenging exports, while Ideal Smart Charging and TOD strategies significantly reduce them. The discussion highlights that EV charging in Digby often uses locally generated renewable energy, with TOD improving the fraction of local renewable energy used.
0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 Midnight on 4th Noon on 4th Midnight on 5th Noon on 5th Midnight on 6th June, 2014 (date) Fig. 12. Time-series plot of electricity exports out of the Digby Neck area in the first week of June, 2014. The unmodified line...
AI summary The figure illustrates a time-series plot of electricity exports from the Digby Neck area in early June 2014, comparing unmodified line power with line power under three EV charging algorithms. It highlights the impact of different EV charging strategies on electricity exports.
l energy to power such a fleet, it would need to have an annual capacity factor of about 62%. Thus the answer to the question of whether these additional cars can be powered Determining exactly how such an idealized algorithm would trans-...
AI summary The text discusses the challenges of powering an electric vehicle fleet with local renewable energy, noting that current resources are insufficient unless significantly better ones are found. It contrasts this with a smart charging strategy that could free up export capacity and potentially power the fleet with a lower capacity factor renewable resource.
56 of 321 Digby Submissions February 14, 2020 Page 16 of 62 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 157 of 321 EcoStruxure Microgrid Advisor Connect, monitor, and control your facility’s Distributed Energy Resources (DER) to opt...
AI summary The document references EcoStruxure Microgrid Advisor, a tool used to connect, monitor, and control Distributed Energy Resources (DER) to optimize performance.
Features • Provides visibility and control to all of your DER in a single platform »» Solar power »» HVAC systems »» EV charging stations »» Lighting systems »» Batteries »» Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) »» Wind energy »» Combined Hea...
AI summary The text describes a platform that provides visibility and control over distributed energy resources (DER), including solar, EV charging, batteries, and wind energy. It highlights features such as demand control, storm hardening, and tariff management, emphasizing benefits like system reliability, optimization, and participation in utility programs for revenue generation.
• Self-consumption: charge batteries with excess solar energy during peak periods • Cyber secure platform: protect site and related data from external hacks www.schneider-electric.us/microgrid Digby Submissions February 14, 2020 Page 17 of...
AI summary The text discusses self-consumption strategies involving battery charging with excess solar energy during peak times and highlights a cyber-secure platform for protecting data. It also mentions a cloud-based software platform for monitoring and analyzing DER system operations, including data export and custom configurations.
or the Municipality of the District of Digby Sigma Energy Storage Inc. November 2018 - CONFIDENTIAL page 1 1 Introduction Sigma Energy Storage proposes a prefeasibility study to evaluate Digby’s energy profile and identify solutions to max...
AI summary Sigma Energy Storage Inc. proposes a prefeasibility study to evaluate energy storage solutions for the Municipality of the District of Digby, focusing on renewable energy integration and thermal storage for heating. The study aims to assess the impact of energy storage systems on grid balancing and the potential for low-cost heating in community buildings.
esources, and assessing the impact of a thermal energy storage unit to provide low-cost heat to community buildings. The product will be a report detailing the potential of energy storage for Digby. 2 Municipality of the District of Digby...
AI summary The document discusses the Municipality of the District of Digby, located in Nova Scotia, and its population demographics. It also references a report on energy storage systems for the area, prepared by Sigma Energy Storage Inc. in November 2018.
for the Municipality of the District of Digby Sigma Energy Storage Inc. November 2018 - CONFIDENTIAL page 4 institutional uses [5]. At this time, the area is approximately 60% occupied. Creating an EIP can encourage other industries to mov...
AI summary The document discusses the potential for an Eco Industrial Park (EIP) in the Municipality of the District of Digby, highlighting its alignment with the strategic plan and opportunities for economic growth, job creation, and population stabilization. It also outlines the availability of renewable energy resources in the area, such as wind, tidal, hydropower, biomass, and solar energy.
electrical and heat demands for these facilities, based on Lockheed Martin study [12], are presented in Figure 6. Most of these facilities use Fuel oil for heating purposes but Arena uses Electric Digby Submissions February 14, 2020 Page 2...
AI summary The document outlines electrical and heat demands for high-demand facilities in the Municipality of the District of Digby, referencing a Lockheed Martin study. It highlights that most facilities use fuel oil for heating, with the Arena using electricity. Figures 6, 7, and 8 provide data on average yearly demand, oil consumption, and GHG emissions, noting that hospitals and two schools emit over 750 tonnes CO2e annually.
CONFIDENTIAL page 8 Figure 9. Average daily electricity consumption by the hospital over the last ten years Digby Regional High School (DRHS) which is home to roughly under 500 students and staff, is located at 53 Mount St. DRHS is part of...
AI summary The text discusses energy consumption patterns of the Digby Regional High School and a local hospital over the past ten years, highlighting differences in electricity and heat usage throughout the year. It notes that the hospital has consistent heat demand due to sterilization and ventilation, while the high school has lower electricity usage in May due to no school days. These data are used to inform energy storage system design for the municipality.
These combined heat and power (CHP) systems greatly increase overall energy efficiency to approximately 80%, from the standard biomass electricity-only systems with efficiencies of approximately 20%. 3.3 Energy Storage Systems Energy stora...
AI summary The text discusses the benefits of combined heat and power (CHP) systems, which increase energy efficiency to 80%, compared to standard biomass electricity-only systems at 20%. It also highlights the importance of energy storage systems in renewable energy plants, their ability to improve system flexibility and reliability, and the various classifications of storage technologies.
. November 2018 - CONFIDENTIAL page 11 Figure 12. Classification of storage technologies [23].
AI summary The document includes a figure from November 2018 that classifies storage technologies, though the content is marked as confidential and no further details are provided.
Figure 12 shows the classification of electrical storage technologies. Below is a short description of the most developed systems: • Compressed Air Energy Storage: utilizing compressed air to create a potent energy reserve • Solid State Ba...
AI summary The text discusses various electrical and thermal energy storage technologies, including compressed air, solid state batteries, flow batteries, flywheels, and pumped hydro-power, along with their characteristics and benefits. It also describes thermal energy storage (TES), its advantages, and its application with photovoltaic panels.
s the ratio of the energy provided to the user to the energy needed to charge the storage system. It accounts for the energy loss during the storage period and the charging/discharging cycle; • Storage period defines how long the energy is...
AI summary The text discusses key parameters of energy storage systems, including round-trip efficiency, storage period, charge and discharge time, and cost. These factors are essential for evaluating the performance and economic viability of storage systems.
nc. November 2018 - CONFIDENTIAL page 12 Figure 13. Types of solar thermal energy storage [24]. 3.4 Grants and Financial Supports Several Governmental foundations and programs support deployment of green energy production system across Can...
AI summary The text discusses governmental grants and financial supports for green energy production in Canada, including programs by Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) and Sustainable Development Technology Canada (SDTC). It also outlines the Low Carbon Communities grant in Nova Scotia aimed at reducing GHG emissions. Recommended solutions focus on renewable energy and energy storage systems to reduce fossil fuel use and GHG emissions.
energy storage systems. The main goal is to reduce fossil fuels consumption and to reduce GHG emissions. The recommended solutions can not only make good sense environmentally, but also economically. 3.5.1 PV-Thermal Energy Storage for Loc...
AI summary The text discusses the use of PV-thermal energy storage systems, particularly buffer water storage tanks, for residential and small industrial space heating applications. These systems help reduce fossil fuel consumption and GHG emissions by managing variable energy supply and demand.
page 13 configurations are immersed tubes or immersed coils in the tank, backup external heater and a narrow annular jacket around the storage tank [24].
AI summary The text describes configurations for thermal energy storage systems, including immersed tubes or coils in a tank, a backup external heater, and a narrow annular jacket around the storage tank, citing reference [24].
Figure 14. Typical schematic of a solar-thermal energy storage. The proposed system uses water as the storage medium. At low–medium temperature, water is one of the best storage media: it has relatively high specific heat capacity, is chem...
AI summary The text discusses a solar-thermal energy storage system using water as the storage medium, suitable for building applications such as space heating and domestic hot water production. It outlines assumptions for a technical and financial analysis of installing thermal energy storage (TES) systems in eight large facilities and mentions a grant provided by the Nova Scotia Department of Energy and Mines to support low-carbon energy projects.
[26]. Table 1 shows yearly cost and GHG emissions for the current installed heating system in eight high- demand facilities. Table 1. Current heating systems Digby Submissions February 14, 2020 Page 32 of 62 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Rep...
AI summary The text presents a table outlining the current heating systems in eight high-demand facilities in the Municipality of the District of Digby, including fuel oil consumption, energy cost, heat load, and annual costs. The data is part of a submission by Sigma Energy Storage Inc. to Nova Scotia Power as part of the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) final report.
ar thermal energy storage for the high-demand facilities are presented in Table 2 and Figure 15. Table 2. Financial and environmental benefits of solar thermal energy storage systems S-TES Heat Fuel oil GHG Fuel cost Net Benefit Payback Fa...
AI summary The text presents a table outlining the financial and environmental benefits of solar thermal energy storage (S-TES) systems at various facilities in Nova Scotia, including fuel oil savings, GHG reduction, and payback periods, with subsidies considered.
3.9 Provincial Building 56400 7050 16 $7.32 $6.13 3.9 Considering NS Low Carbon Communities Grant Digby Submissions February 14, 2020 Page 33 of 62 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 174 of 321 Storage Systems for the Munic...
AI summary The text discusses the implementation of solar thermal energy storage (TES) systems at Digby General Hospital and Digby Regional High School. It highlights the reduction in oil consumption and GHG emissions, as well as the payback period for these systems. The analysis considers a 15-year payback period and presents recommended designs for both facilities.
485 1500 52 100 15 High 350 2000 22 71 15 School Figure 16 compares the heat generated by PV panels and heat demand for both the hospital and the high school. It can be seen that during the summer time, the heat generation is much more tha...
AI summary The text discusses the energy generation and demand at Digby General Hospital and Digby Regional High School, highlighting the potential of PV-TES systems to generate excess electricity during summer, which can be used for cooling purposes.
r example, during the summer time (mid-July to mid-August), PV-TES system can deliver around 114 MWh electricity for the hospital which is enough to run an 8000 BTU air conditioner in 42 rooms [30]. 3.5.2 Biomass Direct Combustion System U...
AI summary The text discusses the use of a PV-TES system for providing electricity to a hospital during the summer, and describes a biomass direct combustion system that generates both heat and electricity using a Rankine cycle, with potential cost savings from using cold water from the ocean or Bay of Fundy for condensation.
e Municipality of the District of Digby Sigma Energy Storage Inc. November 2018 - CONFIDENTIAL page 17 (i) Wood chip storage and handling equipment (ii) Combustor / furnace (iii) Boiler (iv) Pumps (v) Fans (vi) Steam turbine (vii) Generato...
AI summary The document outlines a technical and financial analysis of a biomass energy generation system for local facilities in the Municipality of the District of Digby. It includes assumptions about fuel costs, financing, and system design, with a focus on electrical and heat delivery to large facilities and residential buildings.
unicipality of the District of Digby Sigma Energy Storage Inc. November 2018 - CONFIDENTIAL page 18 The environmental benefits of the biomass direct combustion system are listed in Table 7. 2628 MWh heat energy can save 325 m3 fuel oil eac...
AI summary The document discusses the environmental and economic benefits of a 500-kW biomass direct combustion system, including fuel oil, coal, and natural gas savings, as well as greenhouse gas emission reductions. It also estimates revenue for the Municipality of the District of Digby and Nova Scotia based on fuel costs and carbon tax assumptions.
s for the Municipality of the District of Digby Sigma Energy Storage Inc. November 2018 - CONFIDENTIAL page 19
AI summary The document references a submission by Sigma Energy Storage Inc. for the Municipality of the District of Digby, dated November 2018, marked as confidential.
icipality of the District of Digby Sigma Energy Storage Inc. November 2018 - CONFIDENTIAL page 20 Figure 20. Placed turbine in the Bay of Fundy in 2009 [42] Currently Fundy Tidal and Clean Current Power Systems Inc. have an agreement to te...
AI summary The document discusses tidal energy projects in the Bay of Fundy, including a 65kW tidal turbine and a 1.95-megawatt project in Digby Gut, which is not yet operational. It also describes a Hybrid thermal-compressed air energy storage (HT-CAES) system that uses thermal energy storage (TES) to improve reliability and efficiency, and notes that SNC-Lavalin previously investigated this technology for Nova Scotia Power.
rgy storage technology for Nova Scotia Power has been investigated before by SNC-Lavalin [44]. Figure 21. Hybrid thermal-compressed air energy storage (HT-CAES) [Adopted from Ref. [43]] Digby Submissions February 14, 2020 Page 39 of 62 Nov...
AI summary The document discusses the investigation of energy storage technologies for Nova Scotia Power, focusing on hybrid thermal-compressed air energy storage (HT-CAES) systems. It outlines assumptions and recommendations for HT-CAES systems in different locations, highlighting their impact on tidal energy production.
Nominal Power kW 500 1950 Optimum Tidal Power kW 644 2450 Turbo-Expander Power kW 500 1950 Compressor Power kW 550 2040 Storage Capacity kWh 550 2040 Power Generation Improvement by HT-CAES % 18.4 17.4 Additional Power Generation by HT-CAE...
AI summary The text presents data on the performance and benefits of an HT-CAES system integrated with tidal power. It highlights the system's ability to reduce GHG emissions and fuel oil consumption, while generating economic benefits for the Municipality of the District of Digby and Nova Scotia.
the District of Digby and Nova Scotia. For Digby Gut reduction in GHG emissions is 692- 1079 tonne/year. Table 10. Environmental and economical benefits of Tidal – HT-CAES system Digby Submissions February 14, 2020 Page 40 of 62 Nova Scoti...
AI summary The document discusses the environmental and economic benefits of implementing a Tidal – HT-CAES system in the Municipality of the District of Digby, including GHG emission reductions and revenue generation for the municipality and Nova Scotia. It also highlights socio-economic benefits such as job creation from integrating renewables with energy storage into a microgrid.
lent to the resources required to employ 1 person for 12 months [45]. Construction, operation and the energy saving generated by the investment can create opportunities for workers (see Figure 22). Figure 22. Jobs per million dollars of re...
AI summary The text discusses the job creation potential from energy storage systems, including direct jobs from manufacturing, engineering, and construction, and indirect jobs from energy savings. It references a table estimating jobs per million dollars of revenue and mentions a report by Sigma Energy Storage Inc.
s for the Municipality of the District of Digby Sigma Energy Storage Inc. November 2018 - CONFIDENTIAL page 23 PV-TES for 10 5 2 17 9 Hospital & High School Biomass Direct 14 8 6 28 23 Combustion System Energy Storage for 24 10 5 39 43 Tid...
AI summary The document outlines an energy demand analysis for a 22-acre industrial park in the Municipality of the District of Digby, highlighting the need for clean, cheap energy from renewable sources to reduce costs. The area is partially occupied, with 10 acres of available land surrounded by municipal services.
elopment of biomass energies. The main goal is to reduce fossil fuels consumption and to reduce GHG emissions. The recommended solution can not only have environmental benefits, but also economically. 4.2.1 Clean Microgrid with Biomass CHP...
AI summary The text discusses the development of a clean microgrid with a biomass CHP system using wood waste to generate electricity and heat. It highlights the environmental and economic benefits, emphasizing carbon neutrality through tree replanting and the reduction of fossil fuel use and GHG emissions.
icipality of the District of Digby (up to $145k/year) and Nova Scotia Power (up to $4.2M/year) (Table 15). Table 14. Environmental benefits of the 2.2 MW biomass direct combustion system Coal Saving (tonne/year) 1121-1622 Natural Gas Savin...
AI summary The text discusses the environmental and economic benefits of a 2.2 MW biomass direct combustion system, including fuel savings and GHG reductions. It also highlights the energy cost trends of a clean microgrid system over 20 years and the potential job creation from its deployment in an industrial park.
. Figure 24. Microgrid energy cost versus energy price in NS Table 16. Total direct and indirect Jobs created for each recommended solution (person per year). Digby Submissions February 14, 2020 Page 45 of 62 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Re...
AI summary The document includes a figure illustrating microgrid energy cost versus energy price in Nova Scotia and a table showing the total direct and indirect jobs created for each recommended solution. It also references a submission by Digby and an appendix from Nova Scotia Power's IRP Final Report discussing storage systems.
is located in 60 km distance. Figure 20b shows how temperature decreases with increasing the ocean depth. The thermocline are layers of water where the temperature changes rapidly with depth [60]. Digby Submissions February 14, 2020 Page 4...
AI summary The text discusses ocean temperature profiles and their impact on thermoelectric power generation in the Bay of Fundy. It includes a reference to the mean depth of the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine, and presents data on surface water temperature variations. The document also mentions the use of thermoelectric modules and the potential for increasing efficiency with waste heat sources. It briefly touches on battery energy storage systems, including sodium-sulfur and vanadium redox flow batteries.
est battery energy storage systems use sodium–sulfur batteries, whereas the flow batteries and especially the vanadium redox flow batteries are used for smaller battery energy storage systems [62]. Digby Submissions February 14, 2020 Page...
AI summary The text discusses various battery energy storage systems, including sodium–sulfur batteries, flow batteries, and vanadium redox flow batteries, with a focus on their applications. It also explains the charging and discharging process in Li-ion batteries, highlighting their use in residential and grid-scale energy storage applications.
ve back across the electrolyte to the positive electrode, producing the energy that powers the battery [64]. Figure 29.. Charging and discharging process in Li-ion batteries [65] 5.4.1 Life Cycle Analysis of CP-TES Compared to Batteries To...
AI summary This section discusses a life cycle analysis comparing HT-CAES systems with Li-ion batteries and conventional CAES systems. The analysis shows that HT-CAES systems have a significantly lower environmental impact across multiple categories, including ecosystem quality, human health, natural resources, and climate change.
cosystem quality (Terrestrial Ecotoxicity), 60% for human health (Ionizing Radiation & Respiratory Effects), 44% for natural resources (Non-Renewable & Mineral Extraction), and 44% for climate change. 5.4.2 Life Cycle Analysis of CP-TES Co...
AI summary The document compares the environmental impacts of three energy storage technologies—LiFePO4 Battery (Li-ion), Vanadium Redox Battery (VRB), and CP-TES—using a life cycle analysis. The analysis evaluates impacts across four categories: Ecosystem Quality, Human Health, Resources, and Climate Change, showing that CP-TES has lower environmental impacts in all categories.
Sigma Energy Storage Inc. November 2018 - CONFIDENTIAL page 32 Overall, the Li-ion Battery presents the highest relative impacts, followed by VRB. This can mostly be attributed to the fact that many chemical components are required for the...
AI summary The Li-ion Battery has the highest relative environmental and health impacts compared to VRB and CP-TES, primarily due to the intensive mineral extraction and short lifespan of batteries, which lead to higher resource consumption and end-of-life waste.
1MWh Li-ion (LFP) 1MWh CP-TES 1MWh VRB Figure 31 - Relative potential impacts for Li-ion battery, VRB, and the CP-TES. required to accomplish the same task as one CP-TES system, so more extraction and landfilling of chemical materials is n...
AI summary The text compares the environmental impacts of Li-ion batteries, VRB, and CP-TES systems. It highlights that Li-ion batteries cause significantly higher damage in categories such as Ecosystem Quality, Human Health, Resources, and Climate Change compared to CP-TES. CP-TES requires less external electricity, reducing emissions during usage.
r the Municipality of the District of Digby Sigma Energy Storage Inc. November 2018 - CONFIDENTIAL page 33 6 Conclusions Energy storage is a valuable tool for reducing electric bills, making facilities resilient, and earning revenue, espec...
AI summary The document discusses the benefits of energy storage and renewable resources in the Municipality of the District of Digby, Nova Scotia, including economic and environmental advantages. It outlines four systems under consideration, such as PV-Thermal Energy Storage and biomass systems, and references a table summarizing their technical and financial analyses.
Biomass CHP System The summary of technical and financial analyses for mentioned systems are presented in Table 18. Table 18- Summary of the technical and financial analyses
AI summary The document presents a summary of technical and financial analyses for biomass CHP systems in Table 18, though the table content is not included in the provided text.
Recommended Goal Environmental Economical Socio-economic System Benefits Benefits benefits PV-Thermal Ecotourism For the hospital: Up to $52,500 for 17 person per Energy Storage for the hospital and year direct jobs 52% fuel oil saving Loc...
AI summary The document outlines recommended energy systems and their benefits. PV-Thermal Energy Storage for local facilities offers environmental benefits like fuel oil savings and economic benefits such as cost savings and job creation. A biomass combustion system also provides environmental and economic benefits, including reduced fossil fuel use and revenue for the municipality.
Up to $534,000 tonne/year) per year Digby Submissions February 14, 2020 Page 52 of 62 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 193 of 321 Storage Systems for the Municipality of the District of Digby Sigma Energy Storage Inc. Nov...
AI summary The text references a submission by Digby regarding storage systems, specifically from Sigma Energy Storage Inc., dated November 2018, and includes financial figures and a page reference from a Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report.
ems for the Municipality of the District of Digby Sigma Energy Storage Inc. November 2018 - CONFIDENTIAL page 34
AI summary The text mentions Sigma Energy Storage Inc. and the Municipality of the District of Digby in the context of an energy storage project, dated November 2018 and marked as confidential.
- Natural Gas (up to 43,000 Revenue for Nova m3/year) Scotia: Up to $57,000 per year - Reduce the GHG emissions (up to 1211 tonne/year) Energy Storage for Ecotourism For Grand/Petit For Grand/Petit For Grand/Petit Tidal Energy Passage: Pas...
AI summary The document outlines revenue and environmental benefits associated with energy storage for tidal energy projects in Nova Scotia. It highlights reductions in fossil fuel consumption, GHG emissions, and job creation in specific regions, along with revenue generated for Nova Scotia and local municipalities.
to 97,000 m3/year) - Reduce the GHG emissions Digby Submissions February 14, 2020 Page 53 of 62 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 194 of 321 Storage Systems for the Municipality of the District of Digby Sigma Energy Storag...
AI summary The document outlines a submission by Digby regarding GHG emission reduction goals and references a confidential report by Nova Scotia Power on energy storage systems for the Municipality of the District of Digby.
for the Municipality of the District of Digby Sigma Energy Storage Inc. November 2018 - CONFIDENTIAL page 35 (up to 1079 tonne/year) Clean Microgrid Eco Industrial Reduction Fossil LCOE: 7.2 ¢/kWh 38 person per with Biomass CHP Park fuel c...
AI summary The document outlines a clean microgrid project with a biomass combined heat and power (CHP) system for the Municipality of the District of Digby, proposing reductions in fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, along with potential economic benefits for the municipality and Nova Scotia.
ww.nshealth.ca/locations-details/Digby General Hospital. [14] Provided Data by Nova Scotia Power, 2018. [15] Digby Regional High School Website, (n.d.). https://sites.google.com/gnspes.ca/drhs. Digby Submissions February 14, 2020 Page 54 o...
AI summary The text includes a reference to Digby General Hospital, data provided by Nova Scotia Power in 2018, and a link to Digby Regional High School's website. It also references a confidential appendix from Nova Scotia Power's IRP Final Report discussing storage systems for the Municipality of the District of Digby, prepared by Sigma Energy Storage Inc. in November 2018.
[16] D. Griffin, How Hospitals Use Energy, Facilitiesnet. (n.d.). https://www.facilitiesnet.com/energyefficiency/article/How-Hospitals-Use-Energy-Facilities- Management-Energy-Efficiency-Feature 16905. [17] Garbage, Recycling and Compost -...
AI summary The text provides a list of references related to energy use in hospitals, biomass energy, energy storage technologies, and renewable energy initiatives in Digby, Nova Scotia, as well as academic publications on energy storage and thermal energy systems.
Resour. Canada. (n.d.). https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/funding/icg/18876. [28] About Us, Sustain. Dev. Technol. Canada. (n.d.). https://www.sdtc.ca/en/about/about-us/. [29] The Low Carbon Communities Program, Prov. Nov. Scotia. (n.d.). htt...
AI summary The text includes a list of references and citations to various documents, programs, and energy-related resources, including information on energy storage systems and submissions related to the Municipality of the District of Digby. It also includes a reference to a final report and appendices from Nova Scotia Power.
http://www.alternative-energy-tutorials.com/tidal-energy/tidal-energy.html. [36] Tidal Energy, Munic. Dist. Digby. (n.d.). https://www.digbydistrict.ca/tidal.html. [37] Bay of Fundy, Ocean Networks Canada. (n.d.). http://www.oceannetworks....
AI summary The text provides a list of references and links related to energy topics, including tidal energy, solar energy, and energy storage technologies. It includes information about the Bay of Fundy, legislation related to tidal power, and various energy efficiency and renewable energy resources.
stems for the Municipality of the District of Digby Sigma Energy Storage Inc. November 2018 - CONFIDENTIAL page 38 [59] The mean depth of the Gulf of Maine, Gulf Maine Area. (n.d.). http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/of98- 801/bathy/index.htm. [...
AI summary The text includes references to energy storage technologies, such as lithium-ion batteries and thermal energy storage, along with citations from various sources. It also mentions the development of a microgrid energy management system by Schneider Electric to balance short-term loads.
Control And • User and local Interfaces Data Acquisition Engineering expertise Microgrid control • Energy Management Microgrid • Power Management controllers • Control algorithms Distributed Energy Resources Field communication • Multi-flu...
AI summary The text discusses microgrid control systems, including user interfaces, energy and power management, control algorithms, and distributed energy resources. It also mentions field communication involving multi-fluid energies, heat, gas, and electricity.
onse: participate in utility programs to generate new revenue streams • Tariff management: manage price through seasonal, day- and hour-ahead pricing • Self-consumption: charge batteries with excess solar energy during peak periods • Cyber...
AI summary The text discusses strategies for participating in utility programs to generate revenue, tariff management through dynamic pricing, self-consumption of solar energy via battery storage, and the importance of a cyber-secure platform for data protection.
• Self-consumption: charge batteries with excess solar energy during peak periods • Cyber secure platform: protect site and related data from external hacks www.schneider-electric.us/microgrid Digby Submissions February 14, 2020 Page 60 of...
AI summary The text discusses the use of a cyber-secure platform for monitoring and managing distributed energy resources (DER) in real-time, including the ability to export data for analysis and develop custom configurations. It also mentions self-consumption strategies involving battery storage of excess solar energy during peak periods.
Control And • User and local Interfaces Data Acquisition Engineering expertise Microgrid control • Energy Management Microgrid • Power Management controllers • Control algorithms Distributed Energy Resources Field communication • Multi-flu...
AI summary The text outlines key components of microgrid control systems, including user interfaces, energy and power management, control algorithms, and communication with field devices. It also references distributed energy resources and multi-fluid energy systems such as heat and gas.
ccelerating the Coal Phase Out: Nova Scotia and the Climate Emergency A technical report and modelling analysis of a low-carbon transition for Nova Scotia’s electricity and energy systems by 2030’ The report offers a low-carbon scenario ba...
AI summary This report outlines a low-carbon transition for Nova Scotia's electricity and energy systems by 2030, focusing on a complete phase-out of coal. It includes a 7% drop in electricity demand, increased energy efficiency, the addition of renewable energy sources, and the integration of energy storage and transmission upgrades.
ant could provide explicit assurance the modelling will capture the value of such a high capacity factor. 9 https://www.ge.com/renewableenergy/wind-energy/offshore-wind/haliade-x-offshore-turbine Envigour Memo Februray 18, 2020 Page 5 of 1...
AI summary The document discusses the rapid innovation in energy technologies driven by the need to reduce carbon emissions and develop cost-effective solutions. It highlights the role of distributed energy resources such as energy efficiency, renewable energy, energy storage, and microgrids in transforming energy systems.
defined in the report as technologies for energy efficiency, renewable and other local supplies of energy, energy storage and management, and microgrids (including electric vehicle charging stations). We submit the report and its extensive...
AI summary The report highlights the dynamic nature of technology prices and innovation in energy efficiency, renewables, and DER, noting that variables are in constant motion. It emphasizes the rapid pace of adoption driven by innovation and business strategies, similar to the evolution of consumer electronics.
of adoption. The possible pace of change can be seen in the evolution of the iPod into the iPhone into the more general smartphone and the explosion of applications over the course of just one decade. The needs of the market may change as...
AI summary The text discusses the rapid evolution of technology and its impact on energy markets, highlighting how changing consumer behavior and increasing grid stress due to variable weather conditions are shifting the focus toward resiliency, reliability, and distributed storage solutions. Traditional top-down planning approaches are being challenged by bottom-up consumer-driven energy choices.
and wastewater, waste management, personal mobility, goods movement, and building design decisions 2. Optimize exergy – avoid using high-quality 2. Match energy options to local context – local energy in low-quality applications climate, b...
AI summary The text outlines strategies for energy efficiency and sustainability, emphasizing exergy optimization, heat management, waste reduction, renewable energy use, strategic energy delivery systems, and policy stability. It highlights the importance of using local resources, managing risks, and ensuring cost-effective and flexible approaches to energy systems.
re, balance • Ensuring right source - right place - right time • Energy reliability, security, planning • Existing robust systems • Who managing distributed sources - management models Distribution Consumer Challenges (Muni’s, institutions...
AI summary The text discusses challenges faced by distribution consumers, including understanding technologies, energy project development, business models, and policy restrictions. It also highlights challenges for developers and solution providers, such as understanding municipal processes, identifying solutions, and timing of funding programs. A memo and appendix from Nova Scotia Power's IRP Final Report are referenced, along with a communication from Hydrostor regarding advanced compressed air energy storage.
• Siting Flexibility: A-CAES assets can be sited flexibly, meaning they can be constructed at the site of decommissioned / decommissioning coal plants to take advantage of the existing robust interconnection capacity and provide dispatchab...
AI summary The text highlights the advantages of A-CAES (Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage) technology, including its flexibility in siting, superior economics for long-duration reliability services, provision of grid security services similar to coal-fired plants, and its ability to balance grid supply and demand effectively with flexible capacity.
and demand, effectively integrating abundant amounts of low-cost, intermittent renewable generation (e.g. on- or off-shore wind), while maintaining reliability and security of supply. Additionally, we believe that a portfolio based on A-CA...
AI summary The text discusses the integration of renewable generation with A-CAES, highlighting its potential to reduce operating costs and increase the rate base for Nova Scotia Power, offering economic benefits to rate payers through lower costs and a more competitive supply model.
............................................................................. 8 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 256 of 321 Executive Summary Hydrostor has undertaken extensive research, development, and prototyping, lead...
AI summary Hydrostor has developed Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage (A-CAES), a bulk-scale energy storage solution. The technology stores energy by compressing air into underground caverns and later generating electricity by releasing the air to drive a turbine.
to compress air into underground caverns, storing the energy for later use. Later, when energy is required, the air is released back to the surface, where it drives a turbine, generating electricity.
AI summary The text describes a process where air is compressed into underground caverns to store energy, and later released to generate electricity when needed.
Innovative A-CAES Technology Traditional CAES technology has been around for over forty years: the first CAES plant was developed in Huntorf, Germany in 1978 and is still in operation. The implementation of CAES, however, has been hindered...
AI summary The document discusses the limitations of traditional CAES technology, such as energy waste during compression and reliance on natural gas combustion, and highlights Hydrostor's innovations in A-CAES, which improve efficiency and allow air storage in various geologies by capturing and reusing heat of compression.
or later re-use during discharging. Traditional CAES systems store air in fixed-volume salt caverns. The pressure within the cavern increases as more air is pumped into the same volume and decreases as air is released. Both the cavern and...
AI summary The text compares traditional CAES and A-CAES systems. Traditional CAES uses salt caverns with pressure limitations, reducing energy density and requiring rare geological formations. A-CAES uses hydrostatic compensation with water reservoirs to maintain constant pressure, allowing higher energy density and use of hard-rock caverns in various geologies.
o use caverns with a higher capital cost per unit of volume excavated. Taking advantage of this, Hydrostor A-CAES can be developed cost effectively in most geologies, using mined hard-rock caverns. ii Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report App...
AI summary The text discusses the use of mined hard-rock caverns for Hydrostor A-CAES development, highlighting that this approach can be cost-effective in most geologies despite higher capital costs per unit of volume excavated.
ently pursuing, and continues to add to this list. These efforts will result in steady improvements in capital and operating costs, technical performance, delivery schedule, and siting flexibility. iii Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Ap...
AI summary The text discusses Hydrostor’s A-CAES technology, highlighting its advantages as a flexible, long-duration, emissions-free energy storage solution. It emphasizes A-CAES's ability to provide grid stability services and replace fossil fuel plants, while being suitable for locations where other storage technologies may not be viable.
ces where other forms of large-scale synchronous storage cannot (like pumped hydro and traditional CAES) and provides grid benefits that other forms of non-synchronous storage cannot (like batteries). A-CAES utilizes standard, off-the-shel...
AI summary The text discusses Hydrostor’s A-CAES technology, which is an advanced form of compressed air energy storage. It highlights the advantages of A-CAES over traditional CAES and other storage technologies, including lower capital costs, scalability, and the use of standard industrial equipment. A-CAES also eliminates the need for fossil fuels by using a patented thermal storage system and hard rock air storage caverns.
bly-sited: 1) the development of a patented thermal storage system that eliminates the need for a fuel source, and 2) the construction of hydrostatically compensated, hard rock air storage caverns. iv Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report App...
AI summary The text discusses Hydrostor's development of a patented thermal storage system and the construction of hydrostatically compensated, hard rock air storage caverns. It highlights the use of standard electrical equipment and Tier 1 manufacturers, emphasizing reliability, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. The system is fossil fuel-free and uses an adiabatic process with thermal management to enhance efficiency.
relies on well-proven, industry-standard heat processing equipment Unique to Hydrostor available from Tier 1 original equipment manufacturers (Alfa Laval, Therco -Serck, Exchanger Industries) ▪ A-CAES stores air in purpose-built mined cave...
AI summary The text describes how A-CAES (Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage) works, highlighting its use of off-peak electricity to compress air, store it in underground caverns, and capture heat for later use. It also emphasizes the technology's flexibility in siting and the use of mature storage solutions.
ater use. The air stream is compressed to match the pressure needed to inject it into a constructed underground storage cavern. Once in the cavern, the air can be stored until electricity is required. Hydrostatic compensation (using water...
AI summary This text describes Hydrostor’s Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage (A-CAES) technology, which uses hydrostatic compensation to maintain constant air pressure in underground storage caverns. This allows for full air recovery and reduces storage volume requirements compared to traditional CAES, enabling fossil fuel and emissions-free electricity generation.
either cavern protection or turbine operation. This drastically reduces storage volume requirements. Therefore, hydrostatic compensation enables Hydrostor’s A-CAES to utilize economically-constructed v Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Ap...
AI summary The text explains how Hydrostor’s Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage (A-CAES) system works, focusing on the use of hydrostatic compensation to reduce storage volume requirements and enable construction in various geologies.
apture Heat in Thermal Store Compressed Convert Compressed Air Electricity System Air to Electricity Off-peak or surplus Heat is extracted from the Air is stored in purpose- Hydrostatic pressure electricity from the grid or air stream and...
AI summary This figure explains how Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage (A-CAES) works. Off-peak electricity is used to compress air, which is stored in underground caverns. Heat from the compression process is stored separately and later recombined with the compressed air to generate electricity on demand, improving efficiency and reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
190 analogous storage caverns management systems. & gas sectors. globally. Figure 2: How A-CAES Works vi Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 261 of 321
AI summary The text references Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Planning (IRP) Final Report and mentions advanced compressed air energy storage (A-CAES) technology, including a figure illustrating how A-CAES works. The document also notes the existence of 190 analogous storage caverns and management systems related to gas sectors globally.
Benefits of Hydrostor A-CAES Technology The characteristics of Hydrostor’s A-CAES technology provide it with a competitive advantage over other technologies in several applications. The key benefits of Hydrostor’s technology are summarized...
AI summary The text outlines the advantages of Hydrostor’s A-CAES technology, emphasizing its long asset life, flexibility in project siting, low cost, proven equipment, scalability, zero emissions, and ability to provide ancillary grid services.
uses no hazardous chemicals, and enables fossil-fuel-free CAES, resulting in a zero-emission system with greatly reduced overall operating costs. • Ancillary Grid Services: A-CAES provides ancillary services by leveraging synchronous gener...
AI summary The document outlines the benefits of Hydrostor A-CAES technology, including its use of non-hazardous chemicals, zero-emission operation, and ability to provide ancillary grid services, synchronous generation, flexible dispatchable capacity, and system design flexibility to support grid reliability and renewable integration.
dition, modularity in design (i.e., using several smaller units versus one larger unit) and equipment selection allows for built- in redundancy and the ability to operate over a wider range, depending on the system’s intended use. 1. Synch...
AI summary The document discusses the technical and performance specifications of Hydrostor’s A-CAES (Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage) system, including response times for charge and discharge, and its similarity to natural gas–fired facilities. It also touches on the concept of synchronous inertia and its role in grid frequency stability.
3-5 min Response Time Time from signal to initial discharge (electrical power generation) 5 min (2) Response Time with A short duration battery system can provide rapid power consumption 100 ms Hybrid Battery or delivery during charge and...
AI summary The text provides technical specifications of a hybrid battery system, including response times, auxiliary power draw, parasitic losses, ramp rates, and reactive power delivery. The system is capable of rapid power consumption and delivery, with detailed performance metrics for different operational modes.
hronous condenser 1.75 MVAr/MW mode (3) Steady-state round-trip efficiency (AC-to-AC), including all auxiliary Efficiency >60% loads, assuming daily cycle Cycle life 20,000 cycles (4) Lifetime Equipment useful life (with appropriate mainte...
AI summary The document provides technical specifications for an asynchronous condenser, including metrics such as reactive power delivery, efficiency, cycle life, and system strength. It also mentions siting criteria for A-CAES (Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage) and refers to the Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H.
Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 263 of 321 Siting Criteria The A-CAES surface footprint can be divided into four categories: 1. Base system: the electrical conversion equipment, thermal management system (excluding fluid...
AI summary The document outlines the siting criteria for A-CAES (Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage) installations, detailing the four categories of surface footprint and providing approximate sizes for different system capacities. It also discusses the use of water for hydrostatic pressure in both open-loop and closed-loop systems.
l conditions. Preference is given to sites with hard-rock geology, given the structural stability and integrity of open excavations in these rock types under unsupported or minimal-support conditions. Locations with soft-rock (lower streng...
AI summary The document discusses the geotechnical requirements for siting A-CAES systems, emphasizing a preference for hard-rock geology due to structural stability and the need to avoid areas with high seismic activity, aquifers, and high in-situ stresses to minimize costs and regulatory issues.
5 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 266 of 321 Figure 4: Salt-Based A-CAES All-in Capital Cost Estimates (US$/kWh) Hard Rock Geology Figure 5: Hard-Rock-Based A-CAES All-in Capital Cost Estimates (US$/kW) 6 Nova Scotia Pow...
AI summary The text presents figures related to the all-in capital cost estimates for Salt-Based and Hard Rock-Based Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage (A-CAES) systems, measured in US$/kWh and US$/kW, as part of Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Final Report.
Operating Costs Due to the similarities between the configuration of an A-CAES process plant and that of a simple-cycle gas-turbine plant (“SCGT”), the annual operations and maintenance (“O&M”) costs of the two are comparable. While non-fu...
AI summary The document compares the operating and maintenance costs of A-CAES and SCGT plants, noting that A-CAES has lower O&M costs due to the absence of combustion and lower maintenance needs. The subsurface infrastructure of A-CAES has negligible maintenance costs, leading to overall lower O&M costs compared to SCGT plants.
of providing these services would not include many of the costs that would be incurred for self-developed opportunities, such as operators, land leases, insurance, and capital projects. Thus, it is reasonable to estimate the costs of provi...
AI summary The text discusses the costs associated with providing energy storage services, estimating them at 0.5% of full-system capital costs annually. It also explores hybrid A-CAES/lithium-ion battery systems, which can improve performance, enable faster dispatch, and provide enhanced grid services.
) was revised on February 3, 2020. The revised assumptions included significant changes to the sustaining capital forecast for coal, CT, and small hydro units. ,._ NSPI should provide the original and revised data in tabular f01m so stakeh...
AI summary The Small Business Advocate (SBA) requested Nova Scotia Power Inc. (NSPI) to provide original and revised data on sustaining capital forecasts for coal, CT, and small hydro units in tabular form, along with explanations and supporting studies. This request was made in response to the revised assumptions included in the IRP assumptions on February 3, 2020.
d Resources Plan engagement session. In response to the Assumptions provided on January 21, 2020 and February 3, 2020, we offer the following comments, questions and suggestions: 1. Energy Storage The Verschuren Centre engaged industry par...
AI summary The Verschuren Centre provided feedback on the Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report, focusing on energy storage and electrification. They emphasized the need to consider all value streams of energy storage systems in the Plexos model and requested more detail on how these will be accounted for.
heating, and that electric space heating demands are likely to grow significantly over the next 20-30 years, it makes it clear that there is significant value in having flexibility in that demand. Verschuren Centre Memo February 16, 2020 P...
AI summary The text discusses the potential of thermal storage technologies, highlighting their cost competitiveness and suitability for balancing wind energy with heating demands. It argues that thermal storage should be considered separately in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) model due to its unique characteristics and higher Effective Load-Carrying Capability (ELCC).
4. Supply Side CA Supply side capacity options should include flexible solar The model will be free to select combinations of Options (Chernick & (for dispatch control for ancillary services) and hybrid renewable generators and energy stor...
AI summary The text discusses supply-side capacity options, emphasizing flexible solar and hybrid renewable-storage resources. It requests more information on NSP's cost assumptions, citing a 2019 study and updates based on 2019 data. Solar PV costs have decreased, and gas costs are expected to be 20% lower.
Explicitly identify LCOE values from E3 Resource Options Study 4. Supply Side Dalhousie Scenarios w/ more grid sharing from provinces w/ hydro NS Power has added a Regional Integration resource Options and micro-grid structures strategy to...
AI summary The document discusses supply-side options for energy generation in Nova Scotia, including regional integration strategies, coal-to-gas conversions, natural gas-fired combined cycle turbines, and compressed air energy storage. NS Power is evaluating these options within the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and considering reliability and capital costs.
Side JFS Consider compressed air energy storage (stored in The IRP will consider sensitivities on both Low and High Options Hydrostor underground caverns and released to surface turbine to Capital Cost of Storage which will encompass the r...
AI summary The document discusses considerations for compressed air energy storage and in-stream tidal energy as part of the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP). Hydrostor's cost range for compressed air storage is noted, and concerns are raised about the high assumptions for in-stream tidal energy due to limited industry experience and site-specific costs.
4. Supply Side Natural The cost of wind $2100 is 15% higher than Natural Forces The low wind sensitivity included in the final assumption Options Forces experience on slide 35. set is $1500/kW which is in line with the 2019 Lazard low cost...
AI summary The document discusses supply-side options in Nova Scotia, including the cost of wind energy, energy storage, smart grid technologies, EVs, tidal energy, and solar gardens. It highlights challenges in transmission, the need for microgrids, and the lack of modeling for distribution systems in the Integrated Resource Plan.
NS Power has included costs for solar generation in our Installation of solar garden suggested. supply options based on the E3 Supply Options Study. 8 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 290 of 321 IRP Assumptions – Particip...
AI summary NS Power has included solar generation costs in supply options based on the E3 Supply Options Study. The IRP assumptions include updated capital and operating costs for lithium ion battery systems, reflecting 2019 data.
is in ability to respond quickly w/ no data supplied by the Verschuren Centre in their written ramp rates and provide flexibility as load and generator comments. Model should consider all potential value streams for NS Power will work with...
AI summary The text discusses the need for energy storage systems to provide flexibility and account for all potential value streams, including how they can be stacked. NS Power plans to collaborate with stakeholders during the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) process to develop a methodology for calculating Avoided T&D Costs associated with storage resources.
Storage in PLEXOS allows these resources to provide capacity, energy, and operating reserves. Charging cost is calculated in the production model dynamically. Battery Storage contributions to essential grid services will be considered both...
AI summary The text discusses battery storage contributions to grid services within the PLEXOS model and mentions the E1 Potential Study related to supply-side options under the Regional Integration resource strategy, including assumptions about access to firm capacity via new transmission up to 800 MW and associated costs.
istributed Resources scenario will provide (Distributed because won’t be selected by model due to cost is a information as to the potential impacts of these Energy shortcoming. Needs to be recognition of existence of technologies will have...
AI summary The text discusses the integration of distributed energy resources (DER) in Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), including the need to evaluate BTM thermal energy storage, the economic signals influencing customer adoption of DER, and the impact of DER on peak energy requirements. It also highlights the cost competitiveness of energy thermal storage (ETS) and the importance of testing solar ratemaking and net metering policies.
Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 294 of 321 IRP Assumptions – Participant Comments March 11, 2020 Category Participant Assumption Comment NS Power Response 7. ELCC (Wind, Verschuren ETS should be considered separately fro...
AI summary Participants in the IRP process have commented on the Effective Load-Carrying Capability (ELCC) of energy storage technologies, suggesting that Energy Thermal Storage (ETS) has higher ELCC potential compared to other technologies and could be a better solution for balancing wind energy. NS Power responded by noting that ETS participation is considered in the 2019 Load Forecast and that DR assumptions may serve as a proxy for other DR programs.
mproves execution time and solution quality for those runs As part of the IRP, NS Power is undertaking 3 screening analyses: • Diesel CT Screening • Hydro Screening • Carbon Price Screening 2 0 2 0 I R P I N T E R I M M O D E L I N G U P D...
AI summary Nova Scotia Power is conducting three screening analyses as part of the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP): Diesel CT Screening, Hydro Screening, and Carbon Price Screening. The RESOLVE model is used to co-optimize investments and operations to minimize the net present value of the electric system cost, considering factors such as renewable energy, energy storage, transmission, and carbon pricing.
Non Firm Market Firm Peak - MW 12,000 2500 10000 Battery Capacity Credit 11,000 2000 8000 DR Proxy 1500 6000 10,000 Synchronous Condensers 1000 4000
AI summary The text presents a visual representation of non-firm market data, including firm peak capacity in MW, battery capacity credit, DR proxy, and synchronous condensers, with corresponding numerical values.
note that in its response to comments on IRP assumptions, NS Power did not respond to our suggestion to consider electrification in the industrial and marine sectors. As NSP continues to refine the electrification assumptions, it should al...
AI summary The text highlights that NSP did not consider electrification in the industrial and marine sectors in its IRP assumptions and declined to add flexible solar and hybrid resources to the model, which may reduce the reliability and operational flexibility of renewable resources and increase reliance on gas-fueled resources.
avoid potentially over-stating the peak load effects of increased EV penetration. CA-3 Technology Flexible solar and hybrid resource technology options NS Power has continued to work closely with our options should be added to the model. U...
AI summary The text discusses the inclusion of flexible solar and hybrid resource technology options in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) model, noting that NS Power has worked with consultant E3. It highlights concerns about wind and solar pairing effectiveness and mentions considerations of diversity benefits on Planning Reserve Margin calculations.
1 Run the “In” Case: Run RESOLVE with all The diesel CT screening analysis evaluates existing units in the model to identify optimal the system value of NSP’s diesel CT assets future resource portfolio that meets reliability and GHG goal...
AI summary The text describes a process to evaluate the system value of NSP’s diesel CT assets by running two scenarios in RESOLVE: one including all existing diesel CTs ('in' case) and one excluding them ('out' case). The difference in costs between these scenarios reflects the net system value or cost of the diesel CTs.
ve to alternative resource options; as such replacement energy does not factor into these calculations Diesel Peakers Marginal Value - 1.0.A Diesel Peakers Marginal Value – 2.1.C Levelized Levelized Fixed O&M + Fixed O&M + Sustaining Susta...
AI summary The document discusses the marginal value of diesel peakers and the cost-benefit analysis of replacing them with gas peakers in Nova Scotia. It highlights that while diesel peakers are rarely used, their removal would require new gas peakers to maintain reliability. The economic choice favors gas peakers over alternatives like battery storage. The net present value of maintaining diesel peakers is estimated at ~$186 MM without end effects and ~$240 MM with end effects.
Nova Scotia when Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 24 of 245 Wreck Cove removed from the model Replacement Capacity and Energy when Wreck Cove Removed – 1.0.A. When Wreck Cove is removed from the system, the model 400 350 Battery bu...
AI summary The removal of Wreck Cove from the model leads to the creation of gas peaker plants to compensate for the lost capacity and energy. The model also includes battery and wind resources in the replacement capacity scenario.
Case Summary Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 37 of 245 Net Zero, Mid Elec./Base DSM, Current Landscape Key Observations Metric 2035 2045 Higher loads than 2.0.A leads to about ~260 MW more GHG Emissions (MMT) 3.2 1.4 g...
AI summary The text discusses the impact of higher loads on the Net Zero, Mid Elec./Base DSM, and Current Landscape scenarios, leading to increased gas peaker, CCGT, wind, and battery build. It also highlights rising generation costs and the increasing share of wind and imported energy by 2045.
ase Summary Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 39 of 245 Net Zero, Mid. Elec./Base DSM, Current Landscape Key Observations Metric 2035 2045 With access to firm import options, the model chooses GHG Emissions (MMT) 3.2 1.2...
AI summary The analysis in the document highlights that increased access to firm imports reduces the need for gas, wind, and battery capacity, lowers GHG emissions, and decreases the net present value of system costs. It also notes that regional integration lowers generation costs and the NPV of system costs compared to a previous scenario.
roughly equal parts from new gas CCGTs, CTs, wind, and batteries NPV ($2021) – with 20-year end effects $20,068 The average generation cost increases significantly (~12%) Average Generation Cost (c/kWh) 8.7 relative to 2.1.A Capacity Add...
AI summary The text presents a comparison of generation sources, including new gas CCGTs, CTs, wind, and batteries, with an NPV of $20,068 and an increase in average generation cost by approximately 12% to 8.7 c/kWh. It also outlines capacity additions and retirements, as well as energy balance figures for various technologies.
n; cost of DER resources not included in NPV calculations ($1.6B-$2.5B) Average Generation Cost (c/kWh) 8.9 Capacity Addition and Retirement (MW) Energy Balance (GWh) 4,000 DR 16,000 DR Pumped Storage Pumped Storage 14,000 Battery 3,000 Ba...
AI summary The text presents data on the cost of DER resources, which are not included in NPV calculations, ranging from $1.6B to $2.5B. It also includes visual representations of capacity addition and retirement in MW, as well as energy balance in GWh, highlighting various energy sources such as demand response, pumped storage, battery, wind, solar, and tidal.
DR Capacity Addition and Retirement (MW) Energy Balance (GWh) Pumped Storage 14,000 Battery 2,500 DR Wind 12,000 Pumped Storage Tidal 2,000 Battery Solar
AI summary The text presents a visual representation of capacity addition and retirement in megawatts (MW) and energy balance in gigawatt-hours (GWh), including details on various energy sources such as pumped storage, battery, wind, tidal, and solar.
16,000 DR Capacity Addition and Retirement (MW) Energy Balance (GWh) Pumped Storage 14,000 Battery 2,500 DR Wind 12,000 Pumped Storage Tidal 2,000 Battery Solar
AI summary The text presents a visual representation of capacity addition and retirement in megawatts (MW) and energy balance in gigawatt-hours (GWh), including various energy sources such as demand response (DR), pumped storage, battery storage, wind, tidal, and solar energy.
16,000 DR Capacity Addition and Retirement (MW) Energy Balance (GWh) Pumped Storage 14,000 Battery 2,500 DR Wind 12,000 Pumped Storage Tidal 2,000 Battery Solar
AI summary The text presents data on capacity addition and retirement in megawatts and energy balance in gigawatt-hours, including contributions from various sources like wind, tidal, solar, pumped storage, and battery, along with demand response (DR).
16,000 DR Capacity Addition and Retirement (MW) Energy Balance (GWh) Pumped Storage 2,500 14,000 Battery DR 16,000 DR 2,500 DR Wind Pumped Storage Pumped Storage 2,000 12,000 Pumped Storage Tid
AI summary The text presents data on capacity addition and retirement (in MW) and energy balance (in GWh), including details on pumped storage, battery, and wind energy sources. It appears to be a visual or tabular representation of energy generation and storage capacities.
Annual 4,000 Hydro 6,000 Gas (Conversion) 0 Fuel Oil -500 Gas Gas (CCGT - New) w/ CCS (Conversion) Gas (Conversion) Gas (Peaker 2,000- New) Gas (CCGT
AI summary The text presents a visual representation of energy production and consumption, including figures related to hydro, gas, and fuel oil, as well as references to gas conversion and new generation technologies such as combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) with carbon capture and storage (CCS).
Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 98 of 245 GAS UNITS 2.1C • New gas units selected are predominately combustion turbines • At least one combined cycle unit was selected economically in each scenario (late 2020s-early 2030...
AI summary The document discusses Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) final report, focusing on the selection of gas units and distributed energy resources (DERs). Gas units selected include combustion turbines and combined cycle units, with some coal-to-gas conversions. DERs, modeled as rooftop solar installations, reduce annual energy volumes but do not affect the need for firm peak capacity.
early build of an NGCC unit, reducing gas peaker capacity, and reducing firm imports. Is there something about the way firm imports are characterized that needs to be reconsidered? Why is the model suggesting that it is economic to build a...
AI summary The text raises concerns about the timing and economic rationale for building new generation units, the characterization of firm imports, and the need for model adjustments to align with 2050 climate targets. It also questions the interconnection timeline and the combination of wind and storage procurement.
Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 118 of 245 Comments on modeling of wind and hydro in the IRP Page 5 of 7 Figure 1: Wind Resources Capacity Factor Histogram The IRP relies on the ELCC for two related purposes, valuing the capacity pr...
AI summary The document discusses the modeling of wind and hydro resources in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), focusing on the Effective Load-Carrying Capability (ELCC) of wind resources. It highlights discrepancies between the E3 Capacity Value study and the current IRP assumptions, arguing that existing wind resources should have a higher ELCC than incremental resources.
4 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 125 of 245 Nova Scotia IRP Review System with Synchronous Condenser and BESS (Section 5.3) This section was not given a high level of scrutiny at this time because the base cases (covere...
AI summary The proposed mitigations of a 200 MVA synchronous condenser and a 200 MW BESS were not sufficiently justified due to lack of performance criteria and analysis. The analysis also overlooked the potential of Wreck Cove Hydro, a large and flexible hydro asset, to address load shedding and grid-strength concerns.
y used to mitigate load shedding and grid-strength concerns simultaneously as it is function similar, but larger than the combined proposed mitigation of 200 MVA synchronous condenser and 200 MW BESS.
AI summary The text discusses a proposed mitigation strategy involving a synchronous condenser and a battery energy storage system (BESS) to address load shedding and grid-strength concerns, with the combined capacity being larger than the proposed 200 MVA synchronous condenser and 200 MW BESS.
Alternative Mitigations Not Considered: Many alternative mitigations were not considered beyond the use of a synchronous condenser and BESS: ● Utilization of the Maritime HVDC Link for short-term contingency support HVDC systems are except...
AI summary The text discusses alternative mitigations not considered beyond the use of a synchronous condenser and BESS, including the use of the Maritime HVDC Link, synthetic inertia from wind power plants, curtailment from wind power plants for FFR, and under-frequency FFR from curtailed wind power plants.
ncil of Texas (ERCOT) has been requiring this functionality for many nears from its wind turbine fleet. ● Utilization of under-frequency FFR from wind power plants that are curtailed. This functionality enables wind turbines which have alr...
AI summary The text discusses various methods for providing frequency response in power systems, including under-frequency FFR from wind power plants, demand-side resources, and the potential impact of the Wreck Cove Hydro Plant on system stability. These approaches are informed by practices in ERCOT and highlight the importance of integrating diverse resources for grid reliability.
400-240 rue Bank Street 613.234.8716 www.renewablesassociation.ca www.associationrenouvelable.ca Ottawa, ON K2P 1X4 Canada 1.800.922.6932 CanREA Memo July 17, 2020 Page 1 of 5 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 131 of 245 i...
AI summary CanREA highlights that wind energy can provide grid benefits that reduce the need for additional infrastructure investment when integrated with technologies like storage. It recommends further analysis to explore these benefits and enable more cost-effective wind integration.
f FFR by inverter-based generating resources and energy storage can play a significant role in helping to meet Nova Scotia’s system reliability needs in the context of diminishing synchronous inertia. In a recent report from the US Nationa...
AI summary The text discusses the role of inverter-based generating resources and energy storage in providing frequency response and system reliability, referencing studies from NREL and examples from ERCOT and FERC. It also notes that CanREA members are considering whether obligations for FFR and primary frequency response should be placed on non-synchronous resources in Nova Scotia.
Additional Considerations: Importance of Increased Transparency with respect to Analysis NSPI has shared summary information regarding the results on the underlying model runs. This includes the capacity mix of the various resource portfol...
AI summary NSPI has provided limited transparency in its modeling results, making it difficult for stakeholders to understand key drivers. Questions are raised about how ancillary services are modeled, especially regarding battery performance, and whether the analysis adequately considers future carbon constraints and associated costs for fossil-based resources.
tel. 902.429.2202 2705 Fern Lane, fax. 902.405.3716 Halifax, NS, B3K 4L3 Action 2) Report the detailed operational profiles of natural gas and diesel generation assets (number of operations per year, their durations and power and energy as...
AI summary The text outlines four actions for improving the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) 2020, including reporting operational profiles of generation assets, ensuring transmission line flexibility, and funding a Sustainability Advocate. These actions aim to support informed decision-making regarding energy solutions and cost control for consumers.
can add multiple interconnections and run scenarios that study zero GHG conditions. It is critical that this IRP fully assess the import options available to Nova Scotia. Generation Operational Data The combined cycle and regular gas turbi...
AI summary The Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) must assess import options for Nova Scotia. Current gas turbine systems are favored for their low cost and emissions, but alternatives like solar, battery storage, and tidal energy may become viable. Characterizing gas systems will help evaluate emerging technologies for Nova Scotia's energy needs.
on and discussion to be useful and insightful. To maintain the value of this extensive planning process, we suggest the following matters be explored before closing the IRP and developing the Roadmap. 1. DERs are considered a reduction in...
AI summary The text discusses the consideration of distributed energy resources (DERs) as a reduction in system demand and the need to evaluate their value, especially when combined with storage. It also mentions Nova Scotia Power's exploration of these potential benefits through the NS Smart Grid project and raises questions about the inclusion of community solar PV gardens in the model.
Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 159 of 245 Page 2 within various scenarios increase the demand for natural gas given the intermittent nature of more renewables. At least one Combined Cycle (“CC”) gas unit has been select...
AI summary The document discusses the increased demand for natural gas due to the intermittent nature of renewables, the continued use of aging liquid-fueled combustion turbines, and reliability concerns related to fuel supply for these units. Heritage Gas has provided infrastructure to support NSPI, and the model scenarios include the use of these units until 2045.
y storage, increasing carbon of other potential replacement options (e.g. battery storage or NGCC costs, or other reasons) prior to the date when significant sustaining units) capital expenditures are anticipated for the diesel CTs.
AI summary The text discusses the consideration of alternative energy storage solutions, such as battery storage or NGCC, in relation to the replacement of diesel combustion turbines, emphasizing the need to evaluate these options before significant capital expenditures are anticipated.
CTs (e.g. if they occur on a cycle 5 years earlier than anticipated)? - discount rates - cost declines in battery storage 4 a Supply Hydro NS Power 2020 IRP 19-27 During screening the model was free to re optimize the resource For Wreck Co...
AI summary The document discusses the 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) by NS Power, focusing on modeling results and the value of energy and capacity from various resources, including new gas CTs/CCGTs, batteries, and pumped storage. It also mentions the need to clarify the analysis undertaken during or prior to the IRP.
efler P.Eng, Senior Project Manager - Regulatory Affairs, Nova Scotia Power From: Jon Sorenson, Executive Consultant, Hydrostor Inc. Date: 17th of July 2020 Re: A-CAES as a Solution for Nova Scotia Memorandum As we have communicated to the...
AI summary Hydrostor Inc. challenges Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) for not including long-duration energy storage, specifically A-CAES, and highlights discrepancies in the cost assumptions used for A-CAES compared to lithium-ion systems.
igure 1 below). 1 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 165 of 245 Figure 1 Our concern is that this was not an apples-to-apples comparison as it accounts for the additional cost of a longer duration facility but ignores the a...
AI summary Nova Scotia Power argues that A-CAES offers cost advantages over lithium-ion batteries, especially in long-duration energy storage. They highlight economies of scale and reliability, citing cost comparisons for 6-hour and 12-hour facilities in California. A-CAES is presented as a viable solution for integrating wind energy and improving grid reliability.
to deliver a bankable and market-ready solution that can be delivered at scale. The technology benefits from large economies of scale which allow it to offer the lowest per kwh cost the energy storage 1 1 We also note there was a conversio...
AI summary The text discusses the advantages of a specific energy storage technology, highlighting its scalability, low per kWh cost, and long service life. It also mentions a conversion error in cost representation and the use of Tier 1 manufacturers, which ensures reliability and performance guarantees.
options, and a service life of 50+ years that give it unique advantages over batteries and makes it the ideal storage solution for integrating Nova Scotia’s considerable wind resources into the grid. It is also important to note that since...
AI summary The text promotes A-CAES (Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage) as a viable alternative to fossil fuels and transmission infrastructure, highlighting its environmental and economic benefits, flexibility in siting, and potential cost savings for Nova Scotia Power. It suggests that A-CAES can support the Integrated Resource Plan by aiding in the retirement of coal assets.
adian designed A-CAES facility built to a scale of 300 to 500MW with a long duration of 6, 8,10, 12 hours or beyond can assist Nova Scotia Power in its Integrated Resource Plan in the following areas: • Be a cost-effective non-wire alterna...
AI summary Hydrostor Inc. proposes an A-CAES facility (300-500MW, 6-12 hours duration) as a cost-effective non-wire alternative for transmission, a clean synchronous generation option for coal retirements, and a balancing resource for intermittent renewables. They invite Nova Scotia Power to visit their Goderich facility and engage in discussions.
t Appendix J Page 168 of 245 Hydrostor Introduction April 2020 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 169 of 245 About Hydrostor Hydrostor is the global leader in Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage (A-CAES) Founded 2010 A-C...
AI summary This section introduces Hydrostor, a global leader in Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage (A-CAES), highlighting its technology, locations, and project pipeline. The company operates facilities in Canada and has projects under construction in Australia, with a focus on large-scale, emissions-free energy storage solutions.
Confidential Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 170 of 245 Compressed Air Energy Storage Compressed Air Energy Storage is a utility-scale electrical energy storage solution with a history of over 40 years of successful oper...
AI summary The document discusses Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES), highlighting its long history of successful operation with examples such as the Huntorf and McIntosh plants. It also describes Hydrostor's advancements in CAES, including thermal management systems and hard-rock air-storage caverns, enabling emission-free and flexible storage solutions.
Page 171 of 245 How Advanced-CAES Works A-CAES integrates proven technologies and construction approaches in innovative ways to produce a superior long-duration grid-scale energy storage solution. Step 1 Unique to Hydrostor Compress air us...
AI summary This section explains how Advanced-CAES (A-CAES) works by integrating proven technologies with innovative approaches to create a long-duration grid-scale energy storage solution. It outlines two key steps: compressing air using electricity and capturing heat in a thermal store.
heated compressed air air stream and stored in a proprietary thermal store Unique to Hydrostor Step 4 Step 3 Convert the air to Store compressed air in electricity purpose-built cavern Water forces air to the Air is stored in a purpose sur...
AI summary The text describes a process involving the compression and storage of heated air in a proprietary thermal store, followed by its conversion back to electricity. The process utilizes off-the-shelf generating equipment and underground cavern construction techniques similar to those used in the hydrocarbon storage industry.
rn construction using industry standard and well- proven mining techniques with large precedent in hydrocarbon storage industry (i.e., 100s of rock caverns, dozens with hydrostatic compensation). 4 Confidential Nova Scotia Power IRP Final...
AI summary The text discusses the construction of a proven and bankable A-CAES (Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage) facility, highlighting significant precedent with over 200 MW of conventional CAES plants and 100+ rock caverns used for hydrocarbon storage. It emphasizes the reliability of equipment, independent engineering, and the presence of supply chain partners.
s Williams Energy TransCanada Greg Allen Managing Director, Australia Project Bonding & Warranty Partners Carnegie Clean Energy Wesfarmers Energy 6 Confidential Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 174 of 245 A-CAES Compellin...
AI summary The text compares A-CAES (Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage) with other energy storage solutions, highlighting its advantages in terms of size, duration, efficiency, emissions, lifecycle, and CAPEX. A-CAES is noted for its flexibility in siting and low emissions.
5,000 10,000 CAPEX (US$/kW) $1,000–$3,000 $1,000 $1,500–$2,500+ >$2,500 $3,000+ $5,000 CAPEX (US$/kWh) $150–$300 N/A $150–$250+ >$250 $300+ $500 High High OperatingCosts Low -Medium Low -Medium Medium Low -Medium (fuel costs) (fuel costs)...
AI summary The text provides a comparative analysis of CAPEX and operating costs for different energy storage technologies, highlighting Hydrostor's advantages in specific conditions such as high-cost gas markets, long-duration energy needs, and large-scale projects exceeding 200 MW.
urban centers) or high-cost gas markets (e.g. Australia), b) Requirement for long-duration >4 hours (e.g. transmission deferral, capacity/reliability, high renewable), c) Scale in excess of 200 MW 7 Confidential Nova Scotia Power IRP Final...
AI summary The text compares the capital costs of A-CAES (Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage) and Li-ion batteries, showing that A-CAES is significantly cheaper, especially for long-duration applications due to its longer cycle life and potential for extended asset life.
t of Li-ion for long duration applications due greater life of A-CAES (i.e. A-CAES more than 4x cycle life of Li- ion, which can be cost-effectively extended even longer to allow a 30-50+ asset life). 8 Note: Costs shown are overnight cost...
AI summary The text compares the cost and environmental benefits of A-CAES (Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage) with natural gas (CCGT). A-CAES has a longer cycle life and can be cost-effectively extended, making it a viable alternative to natural gas. It is also emission-free and can be sited in locations where natural gas is not permitted.
the ongoing fuel costs of natural gas relative to the off-peak electricity rate in many markets. Most importantly, A-CAES is emission-free and often can be sited where natural gas cannot be permitted. 9 Note: Costs shown are overnight cost...
AI summary The text discusses the value proposition of A-CAES (Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage) as a clean, flexible alternative to fossil fuel plants and a non-wires alternative for deferring grid investments. It emphasizes emission-free operation, lower permitting hurdles, and the ability to leverage existing infrastructure.
transmission alternatives requiring longer-term outage management Deferral • Locatable reliable power for critical areas and infrastructure • Provide dispatchable or baseloaded renewables at rates ~$70-120/MWh Renewable • Optimize large so...
AI summary The document discusses transmission alternatives involving longer-term outage management and deferral strategies, focusing on locatable reliable power for critical infrastructure and the integration of renewable energy sources. It highlights the potential of renewable energy projects with costs ranging from $70-120/MWh and mentions Hydrostor's ongoing and future energy storage projects across multiple regions.
ld be a more effective remedy; reduction of the import level has the double benefit of creating more space for conventional generation, while at the same time reducing the severity of the contingency. In effect, wind is being limited in or...
AI summary The text discusses the operational limitations of wind capacity in stressed system conditions and suggests that reducing import levels could be a more effective remedy. It emphasizes that wind curtailment is a common practice in systems with renewable energy ambitions, particularly during rare instances when high wind output coincides with stressed system conditions.
ating the problems. 3 In fact evidence suggests that there is a positive correlation between wind output and demand, reducing the likelihood of occurrences of high wind output at time of low demand. 3 Page Natural Forces Memo July 17, 2020...
AI summary The document discusses the unpredictability of stressful events in power systems, particularly the loss of the AC intertie, and highlights that while such events are unpredictable, the system conditions under which they occur are predictable. Mitigation strategies such as curtailment of wind or imports are recommended. International practice supports curtailment of wind output during high wind and stressed system conditions.
s The following are comments from the Verschuren Centre for Sustainability in Energy and the Environment regarding the Initial Modeling results of the 2020 Integrated Resource Plan. Stranded Assets It seems counterintuitive that in modelin...
AI summary The Verschuren Centre for Sustainability in Energy and the Environment questions the modeling of stranded assets and the exclusion of inertia contributions from wind energy and energy storage in the 2020 Integrated Resource Plan. They argue that fossil fuel capacity may become stranded in a net-zero system and that wind and storage could contribute to system inertia.
les of gearbox-based turbines being able to provide more physical inertia as well. Future requests for renewable energy could provide an adder for turbines that can provide this service going forward. Since all Lithium Ion Battery systems...
AI summary The document discusses the potential of synthetic inertia from renewable energy sources, particularly lithium-ion battery systems and inverter-based technologies, to stabilize power grids. It references studies and projects like PG&E's EPIC 2.05 and NERC's white paper, which highlight the benefits of these technologies in low-inertia environments.
nthetic Inertia from Wind Power Stabilize Grids?” – 2016 https://spectrum.ieee.org/energywise/energy/renewables/can-synthetic-inertia- stabilize-power-grids - 2 EPIC Final Report – PG&E – March 2019 https://www.pge.com/pge_global/common/pd...
AI summary The text references a Nova Scotia Power Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) appendix and includes questions about the impact of inertia constraints on generator choices and the evaluation of synthetic inertia and fast regulation services using energy storage and wind turbines.
ELCC CA-17 ELCC of Wreck Cove and Mersey Wreck Cove is an energy-limited peaking plant and an important source of ancillary grid services such Consumer Can NS Power explain why Wreck Cove operates so little in as reserve. When modeled in t...
AI summary The text discusses the operation of Wreck Cove and Mersey power plants, focusing on their capacity factors, dispatch reliability, and ELCC (Effective Load-Carrying Capacity) values. It questions why Wreck Cove operates so little during high-load hours and whether it has sufficient energy resources to support a 95% ELCC rating, especially during long winter peaks. It also raises concerns about Mersey's dispatch reliability and flexibility in reserve operations.
move forward with planning on this project, since it would require cooperation with New Brunswick and possibly Quebec. Page 14 of 53 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 207 of 245 IRP Participant Comments and NS Power Respon...
AI summary The comment suggests that wind procurement over 100 MW should be combined with battery storage. NS Power responds that batteries can aid wind integration but have limited capacity substitution due to short duration, with up to 120 MW of storage planned by 2045.
storage by 2045 is selected in the portfolios with deployments of 30-60MW by 2025 in many plans. The draft Roadmap provides that NS Power will track the installed costs of energy storage and will solicit Nova Scotia market-based informatio...
AI summary The document discusses Nova Scotia Power's energy storage deployment targets, including 30-60MW by 2025 and tracking installed costs. It also mentions the draft Roadmap and market-based information solicitation.
Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 209 of 245 IRP Participant Comments and NS Power Response July 2020 Category Comment # Comment NS Power Response Wind CanREA-01 Recommendation: more analysis be conducted to consider NS Po...
AI summary The Canadian Renewable Energy Association recommends further analysis on wind energy integration with storage and other technologies to enable more cost-effective wind energy without significant infrastructure investment. Nova Scotia Power has provided additional model runs and proposed an action plan for refining synchronized inertia requirements.
Analysis CanREA-03 Key unexplained results that are surprising and appear Plexos LT module optimizes resource plans constrained by counter-intuitive are the high levels of gas turbine build and all ancillary services (reserve) constraints,...
AI summary The analysis discusses modeling of ancillary service provision by various resources, noting that batteries and other non-synchronous resources can provide higher quality ancillary services compared to conventional resources. However, the quality of AGC service from batteries is too granular for capacity expansion models. NS Power highlights that the ELCC of battery storage declines quickly with installed capacity in Nova Scotia.
ociated with each generation by year from both Natural Gas and Diesel Centre unit). combustion turbines. Samples of natural gas and diesel combustion turbine outputs were provided as part of the Operating NS Power will continue to monitor...
AI summary The text discusses NS Power's monitoring of developments in storage technology, such as long-duration battery storage and tidal power, as potential cost-effective alternate generation or storage solutions. It references a specific example of a 150-hour duration battery demonstration in Minnesota.
Compressed Air Hydrostor-01 We believe that A-CAES’s capital costs were inaccurately NS Power’s Final Assumptions provided ranges for Storage modelled. We believe that this played a decisive factor in it costs for storage options which may...
AI summary The text discusses concerns regarding the inaccurate modelling of capital costs for A-CAES (Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage) technology by NS Power, which may have influenced the selection of preferred resources. Hydrostor argues that a more accurate comparison to lithium-ion systems would have been made using different assumptions for a 500 MW facility with a 4-hour duration.
alternatives with similar attributes (e.g. RECIP vs duration market. CT, battery vs other storage option, etc.). CAES can act as a non-wires alternative to traditional transmission for improving reliability or as a solution for integrating...
AI summary The text discusses the potential of CAES (Compressed Air Energy Storage) and A-CAES (Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage) as non-wires alternatives and solutions for integrating wind resources into the grid. It highlights the flexibility and benefits of A-CAES, such as providing inertia and synchronous generation, and being flexibly sited where needed.
Distributed Quest-01 DERs are considered a reduction in system demand without The NEM arrangement allows customers to offset Resources a cost to the system. How does this assumption fit within the their consumption with the production from...
AI summary The text discusses the consideration of distributed energy resources (DERs) as a reduction in system demand and questions how this assumption aligns with Enhanced Net-metering requirements. It also mentions NS Power's exploration of DERs through the NS Smart Grid project and the potential benefits of resiliency and reliability from DERs.
may be part of your planned next step runs and scenario resources, as indicated by the lack of economically testing. If so, information from that process may help gain selected utility-scale solar in the IRP scenarios, this insights into t...
AI summary The text discusses the potential value of distributed energy resources (DERs), especially when combined with storage, and the need for further discussions on incorporating them into the Roadmap. It also mentions interest from Nova Scotia municipalities in Community Solar PV Gardens and NS Power's acknowledgment of the need for more information on customer-sited battery installations.
Natural Gas Quest-03 The narrative suggests a CCGT solution appears in several As part of NS Power’s draft Action Plan, it has runs. We recommend there be a fuller discussion of the costs proposed to develop a plan for the redevelopment En...
AI summary The text discusses the potential for combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) solutions in Nova Scotia's energy system, emphasizing the need for a full discussion of costs and benefits. It highlights the importance of fuel flexibility, local natural gas storage, and reliability risks associated with reliance on a single pipeline. CCGT investment is suggested as a priority for achieving a net-zero electricity system by 2050.
for system. Are there limitations to this assumption, or are examination in future work. Dynamic modeling of there system conditions (in NS or NB) under which the tie this constraint is also an opportunity for future would not provide the...
AI summary The text raises questions about the assumptions made regarding the inertia benefits of the NS-NB intertie and the battery + synchronous condenser option. It suggests that NSPI should conduct additional analysis to understand the minimum inertia requirements under varying system conditions and the impact of changes in load, DSM, and supply-side portfolio mix. The text also requests a sensitivity analysis if the inertia benefits are lower than assumed.
nd are fossil fuel generator over batteries contributing to certain modeled ancillary services. 3. Did the inertia constraint impact the decision process of Batteries contribute to all types of reserve the Diesel CT Screening? including re...
AI summary The text discusses the impact of inertia constraints on the Diesel CT Screening and evaluates the potential of wind turbines, demand control, and batteries to contribute to ancillary services. It also notes that transient system stability studies, which assess FFR, are outside the scope of long-term planning studies.
14 Scenario 2.0.C. Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 17 of 264 Detailed 2045 RECAP results E3 modeled NSP’s 2045 PLEXOS installed capacity and load in RECAP for 2.0.C, generating a UCAP target of 8% RECAP modeled ELCCs...
AI summary The text presents detailed 2045 RECAP results for Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), including modeled installed capacity, load, and reserve requirements. The UCAP target is set at 8%, with LOLE achieved at 0.06 days per year, below the target of 0.1 days per year.
Installed Capacity (MW) ELCC (MW) / UCAP ICAP (MW) Includes all thermal units Dispatchable 1,505 1,418 1,505 Firm Imports 588 527 588 Includes only firm DR - - - imports Storage 33 27 27 Variable 1,132 152 152 Thermal, imports and Hydro 36...
AI summary The document presents capacity and ELCC (Effective Load-Carrying Capability) data for Nova Scotia's energy portfolio, including installed capacity, UCAP (Ultimate Capacity), ICAP (Installed Capacity), and PRM (Primary Reserve Management) metrics. It highlights a capacity surplus and the relationship between these metrics and reserve targets in 2045.
they can quickly respond to changes in wind and non-firm imported energy. 50-150MW is required by 2025, while 600- 1000MW of new capacity is required by 2045 to support retirement of steam units. b) NS Power’s existing Combustion Turbine r...
AI summary The document outlines the need for firm capacity resources in Nova Scotia Power's system, emphasizing the importance of combustion turbines, battery storage, and demand response programs. It highlights the required capacity additions by 2025 and 2045, the economic benefits of existing resources, and the role of planning reserve margins in ensuring supply reliability.
low-cost resource plans. firm imported energy and ensure reliability. capacity and energy can be procured). Wind Energy Solar Energy Demand Response & Efficiency Hydro Resources Wind energy continues to increase in all There is very limite...
AI summary The document discusses the inclusion of wind, solar, demand response, and hydro resources in Nova Scotia's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP). Wind energy is increasing and contributes to grid essential services, while solar generation is limited due to low capacity factors. Demand response programs provide economic value, and existing hydro resources are retained with sustaining investment.
otia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 123 of 264 2.1A MID ELEC. / BASE DSM / NET ZERO 2050 / CURRENT LANDSCAPE Scenario Metrics & Evaluation 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $13,353 General Notes • Reliability Tie built in 2031 enables wind integra...
AI summary The text discusses the Nova Scotia Power Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Final Report, focusing on scenario metrics and evaluation related to the 25-yr and 10-yr Net Present Value of Resource Requirements (NPVRR), reliability, resource adequacy, CO2 emissions, and grid services. Key factors include the impact of wind integration, gas capacity, and coal unit conversions.
converted to gas in 2037 Essential Grid Services 10-yr NPVRR ($MM) $8,232 • Essential Grid Service requirements are met as modeled Resource Adequacy & PRM • Reliability Tie: 2030 Average Annual Partial Rate Impact • Regional Integration: n...
AI summary The document discusses the Essential Grid Services, Resource Adequacy & PRM, and Plan Robustness & Flexibility, highlighting the 10-year NPVRR, average annual partial rate impact, and CO2 emissions from 2021 to 2045. It outlines the reliance on natural gas and the limited ability to adjust supply sources.
BASE DSM / NET ZERO 2050 / CURRENT LANDSCAPE Scenario Metrics & Evaluation Sensitivity Base (2.0A) 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $12,628 $12,351 General Notes • Without the ability to build the Reliability Tie, wind is built via the local integration...
AI summary The text presents scenario metrics and evaluation for a Base DSM / Net Zero 2050 initiative. It highlights differences in 25-yr and 10-yr NPVRR, CO2 emissions, and grid services under the Base (2.0A) and a sensitivity scenario. The analysis notes higher costs and CO2 emissions in the sensitivity scenario, as well as the use of batteries and synchronous condensers for wind integration.
l of wind investment is to conduct an all-source RFP. 1 In addition to new wind, the RFP should also be open to repowered wind. 2 The results may affect the timing of the reliability tie. John D. Wilson and Paul Chernick • Resource Insight...
AI summary The text discusses the inclusion of repowered wind in an all-source RFP and highlights the importance of understanding battery storage's value for the system. It notes that battery capacity may drop in 2045 and requests an explanation, identifying resources that substitute for battery capacity and discussing implications for end effects calculations.
acity drops in 2045, identify the resources the model substitutes for battery capacity, and discuss implications of late- model treatment of battery storage in the end effects calculation. Transmission and system inertia The modeling raise...
AI summary The document raises concerns about the modeling of battery storage and system inertia in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), noting inconsistencies in how battery capacity and inertia impact the timing of the reliability intertie and regional integration. It also highlights sensitivity of the model to small changes in battery costs.
CanREA Memo September 18, 2020 Page 1 of 3 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 188 of 264 The IRP Draft Findings Presentation indicated that one of the “Key Plexos Model Updates” was to “Allow new wind generation to provide...
AI summary CanREA highlights that NSPI's IRP model only considers wind generation's ramp down reserve service, ignoring other critical ancillary services like frequency response, which are essential for integrating wind and battery resources. CanREA encourages NSPI to incorporate OERA findings to improve system reliability and reduce costs.
y by 2025 is likely to be low given the various issues identified with NSPI’s failure to fully consider in its modeling of the ability wind generation resources to provide frequency response services. CanREA recommends that one element of...
AI summary CanREA emphasizes the importance of establishing a procurement schedule for wind energy based on the IRP and suggests incorporating solar energy and energy storage in future integrated planning. They argue that this will help derisk project development and reduce costs for Nova Scotia consumers.
tel. 902.429.2202 2705 Fern Lane, fax. 902.405.3716 Halifax, NS, B3K 4L3 According to the Rate impact Comparison (Select Scenarios), it is shown that High Electrification scenarios 2.2 C and 2.2 C S1 achieve lower rates as compared to sele...
AI summary The text discusses the benefits of electrification on rates, the decommissioning of thermal units, the need for a comprehensive coal unit retirement plan, and the importance of wind and battery storage for carbon neutrality. It also mentions the need for an evergreen IRP process to refine findings and action plans.
The Action Plan and Roadmap should specifically identify hydrogen as a means to assist the province in meeting the GHG reduction targets established in the SDGA. General Comments The assumptions and scenario modelling used in this IRP re...
AI summary The document highlights the need to identify hydrogen in the Action Plan and Roadmap to meet GHG reduction targets. It also discusses significant changes in the future electric sector in Nova Scotia, including the separation of capacity from energy, increased reliance on imports, and the need for new transmission and fast-acting generation.
ort by NSPI to continue an open process, and look forward to the consideration of these comments being reflected in the final Action Plan and submission to the Board. Regards, HERITAGE GAS LIMITED John Hawkins Cc: M08929 Participants 11 NS...
AI summary Hydrostor Inc. emphasizes its Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage (A-CAES) technology, which has been recognized as a proven solution with a Technology Readiness Level of 9. The company expresses disappointment that long-duration energy storage solutions have not been adequately considered in Nova Scotia Power’s Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) process.
ng duration energy storage technology is not and has note been given its due in the preferred portfolio solution into the future. We would like to continue to reiterate the following, that Hydrostor: • Be a cost-effective non-wire alternat...
AI summary The text argues that long-duration energy storage, particularly A-CAES, is a cost-effective and cleaner alternative to transmission and fossil fuel assets. It criticizes Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan for inaccurately modeling A-CAES capital costs, which may have led to its exclusion from the preferred resource portfolio.
. This was in effect, the mid 1 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 215 of 264 point of our per KW cost estimates for a 200MW facility with a duration of 12 hours that we had previously provided to you. This was then compare...
AI summary Nova Scotia Power argues that comparing A-CAES with lithium-ion systems using a 200MW facility is not an apples-to-apples comparison. They highlight the cost advantages of A-CAES in long-duration applications, such as non-wires alternatives and integrating wind resources. They also note that lithium-ion systems would need significant cost reductions to match A-CAES in both 6-hour and 12-hour facilities.
their cost by a further 41%-70% in order to achieve cost parity. A-CAES is a Reliable Solution for Nova Scotia’s Needs Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage, uses equipment, construction techniques 1 1 We also note there was a conversion...
AI summary A-CAES (Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage) is presented as a reliable and cost-effective energy storage solution for Nova Scotia, offering long-term reliability, scalability, and lower per kWh costs compared to batteries. It utilizes proven oil and gas technology and benefits from global supply chains and performance guarantees.
options, and a service life of 50+ years that give it unique advantages over batteries and makes it the ideal storage solution for integrating Nova Scotia’s considerable wind resources into the grid. It is also important to note that since...
AI summary The text promotes A-CAES (Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage) as a viable energy storage solution for Nova Scotia, highlighting its advantages over batteries, its ability to provide grid inertia, and its potential to reduce costs by avoiding new transmission infrastructure. It notes that A-CAES has been successfully proposed in other regions and that Hydrostor has studied Nova Scotia’s geology as suitable for A-CAES.
w transmission line. Please note that recently, Transgrid Utilities in Australia chose Hydrostor over competing technologies to provide its renewable energy storage technology now and into the future. https://bdtruth.com.au/main/news/artic...
AI summary The text discusses the potential of a Canadian-designed A-CAES facility to support Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan by providing a cost-effective non-wire alternative, clean synchronous generation, and a means to balance intermittent renewable resources.
lants while retaining many of the plant’s employees • Can be used to balance intermittent resources such as wind and solar or instead of natural gas fired plants, as a peaking asset We would be very interested to better understand your tho...
AI summary The text introduces A-CAES (Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage) as a potential resource for Nova Scotia's energy future, suggesting it can balance intermittent resources like wind and solar. The sender invites Nova Scotia Power and its consultant to discuss A-CAES and participate in a virtual tour of a related facility.
ight of the above, NSP’s proposed/draft action plan item 3(c) viz: “Initiate a wind procurement strategy, targeting 0-100 MW new installed capacity by 2025 and up to 350 MW by 2030” seems unduly limiting, particularly as regards the implie...
AI summary The proposed wind procurement strategy by NSP is criticized for its upper limit of 350 MW by 2030, as higher wind volumes in some scenarios could lead to lower electricity rates. The requirement for additional infrastructure like batteries or an AC intertie increases capital costs, potentially reducing wind installations.
uch as energy arbitrage) which will act to off-set the added capital costs. However approximations suggest it may be adding in the region of 5 to 10% to the effective cost of additional wind capacity. The continued insistence on the part o...
AI summary The text discusses the impact of battery and wind capacity costs on the build-out plan for wind energy in Nova Scotia. It suggests that lower wind and battery costs significantly alter the resource build-out plan, leading to a more extensive deployment of wind capacity compared to higher cost scenarios. The analysis also criticizes NSP's approach for potentially increasing costs to consumers.
point here. 4. Consideration of Risk NSP has aimed at identifying certain actions which are generally common to all or most scenarios, and has proposed these within its initial draft action plan. A common approach is also to look for scena...
AI summary The document discusses the consideration of risk in the context of Nova Scotia Power's (NSP) action plan, emphasizing the importance of identifying low-regret scenarios that perform well across various future conditions. It also addresses the continuation of associating battery and synch comp costs with additional wind capacity, with NSP limiting wind capacity to 700 MW unless accompanied by capital-intensive batteries.
ons and discussions on this point, this is a secondary issue. The key point is that if the conditions do occur, they can be managed by simply curtailing the wind output to an appropriate, safe, level. The precise extent to which wind capac...
AI summary The text discusses the management of wind capacity curtailment to ensure system stability, noting that associating battery costs with wind integration may lead to higher electricity costs for consumers. It also references a study prepared by PSC North America for Nova Scotia Power Inc.
sources. The IRP analysis relied on conclusions of the 2019 PSC study, but NSP has acknowledged that additional analysis will be needed to more fully understand the inertia requirements in the future. The draft Finding #2 acknowledges this...
AI summary The analysis of the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) relies on the 2019 PSC study, but Nova Scotia Power (NSP) acknowledges that further analysis is needed to understand future inertia requirements. The draft Finding and Roadmap highlight the need for additional system stability studies, particularly regarding wind integration and potential contributions from wind projects to system inertia.
(21) Planning for transmission should proceed in parallel to an all-source RFP. Cost estimates for completion of the reliability tie for different in-service dates (several options, covering the range from the earliest feasible date to 203...
AI summary The document discusses the planning of transmission projects in parallel with all-source RFPs, emphasizing the need for cost estimates across various in-service dates. It also highlights a trade-off between imported power and battery resources, noting that the absence of a reliability tie may lead to higher procurement of batteries and synchronous condensers.
resources. NS Power interprets the additional battery storage seen in this not have explored fully. As was discussed on a call with NS Power, the model did not value sensitivity as a method of wind integration in the absence of the Reliabi...
AI summary NS Power discusses the role of battery storage in wind integration and coal retirement, noting that the model did not fully account for advanced battery applications like synthetic inertia. The inclusion of gas and battery capacity enables earlier coal retirement but increases overall costs compared to the base scenario.
The PLEXOS LT module optimizes candidate plans constrained by all ancillary services and reserve constraints. This is achieved by integrating reserve constraints into the mathematical framework for dispatch and pricing. The suite of the ne...
AI summary The PLEXOS LT module optimizes candidate plans by incorporating reserve constraints into its mathematical framework, allowing batteries to contribute to various reserve types. Fast frequency response (FFR) is not directly modeled in the IRP and is unlikely to impact coal retirement decisions, though it may affect synchronous inertia constraints.
R services are found to reduce the synchronous inertia constraint, the economics of coal retirement with battery replacement may improve (based on the FFR requirement and a battery’s specific contribution). NS Power believes that effective...
AI summary The text discusses the impact of battery storage in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) modeling, including factors affecting battery capacity and replacement. NS Power highlights that battery capacity reductions by 2045 are due to end-of-life and replacement based on economic and reserve margin considerations.
the actual dispatch patterns observed in historical data, subject to the notes above. Wreck Cove CA During NS Power’s long winter peaks, Wreck Cove may not be able to operate at full load This was considered in the original Capacity Study...
AI summary The text discusses the limitations of Wreck Cove's operation during peak winter periods and how this affects its contribution to system reliability. It also mentions updates to the Plexos model by NS Power regarding sustaining capital costs for coal units, including adjustments based on utilization observed in the Initial Portfolio Study.
would change with reduced needs for synchronous inertia. These sensitivities indicated that the wind provision by wind turbines on requirements for system inertia in Nova Scotia, but as the expansion profile was not particularly sensitive...
AI summary The text discusses the impact of wind generation on system inertia and ancillary services in Nova Scotia. It highlights that wind turbines can provide ramp down reserve service and that the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) identifies wind as a key renewable resource for replacing coal. The PLEXOS model is used to optimize resource plans with ancillary service constraints.
providing. By focusing on just this ancillary service NSPI failed to consider the range of service. Batteries contribute to all types of reserve including regulation (raising and lowering), spinning ancillary services that are critical to...
AI summary The text discusses the importance of ancillary services, particularly frequency response and ramp down services, in enabling the integration of wind generation in Nova Scotia. It highlights the limitations of the PLEXOS framework in assessing transient system stability and FFR, which are critical for grid reliability.
services that allow NSPI to dispatch off thermal generating units and rely on the fast absence is not expected to have an impact on coal retirement decisions. However, if FFR services are frequency response capability that wind generators...
AI summary The text discusses the potential of wind, solar, and battery resources to provide ancillary services such as fast frequency response (FFR), which can enhance system reliability and reduce costs. NS Power is committed to further studies on system stability and the integration of these resources into the grid.
We understand that such may need to be modified as additional information becomes available on load growth, technology costs, integration analyses. Nonetheless, establishing such a procurement schedule will signal to the development commun...
AI summary The text discusses the importance of establishing a procurement schedule to signal future activity and encourage investment in project development. It also mentions the inclusion of solar energy and energy storage in future integrated planning and the need for the 2020 IRP Report to define a Preferred Resource Plan.
NS Power’s capacity expansion optimization software co-optimizes wind and storage. It appears that Wind addition to the system is essential, but it would be necessary to consider a higher battery storage’s ability to substitute for firm ca...
AI summary NS Power uses software to co-optimize wind and battery storage for capacity expansion. However, battery storage in Nova Scotia is limited by short duration and wind variability. NS Power plans to monitor new storage technologies to support coal generation retirement and seeks examples of successful implementations elsewhere.
As such, it is important that all stakeholders are kept apprised over the next number of years of the data collection, study results and future opportunities that might present themselves, so that the electricity sector in Nova Scotia work...
AI summary The document emphasizes the importance of stakeholder awareness regarding energy sector developments and highlights the need for the electricity sector in Nova Scotia to align with broader energy opportunities. It also mentions NS Power's frustration with the lack of inclusion of long-duration energy storage technologies in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) model.
• Can be used to balance intermittent resources such as wind and solar or instead of natural gas fired plants, as a peaking asset. Supply-side JFS Based on our review of Nova Scotia Power’s IRP assumptions, we believe that ACAES’s NS Power...
AI summary The document discusses the modeling of compressed air energy storage (CAES) and battery storage in Nova Scotia Power’s Integrated Resource Plan (IRP). It highlights concerns that the capital costs of CAES were inaccurately modeled, potentially affecting the selection of preferred resources.
Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 255 of 264 Our concern is that this was not an apples-to-apples comparison as it accounts for the wind integration vs. more predictable solar generation cycles seen in other jurisdictions...
AI summary The concern is that the comparison between wind integration and solar generation cycles is not equitable, as it does not account for the additional value and economies of scale of larger A-CAES facilities. A 500 MW facility with a 4-hour duration is suggested as a more fair comparison to a 4-hour lithium-ion system.
to an average of US$1125/kW1. We believe that this is a much fairer comparison to a 4-hour lithium-Ion system for the short duration market.
AI summary The text discusses a comparison of costs between a system and a 4-hour lithium-ion system in the short duration market, noting an average cost of US$1125/kW.
However, A-CAES’s cost advantage is most apparent in the long-duration market where it can act as a non-wires alternative to traditional transmission for improving reliability or as a solution for integrating and time-shifting Nova Scotia’...
AI summary The document discusses the cost advantages of A-CAES technology in long-duration energy storage compared to lithium-ion systems, particularly in improving grid reliability and integrating wind resources. It also mentions NS Power's modeling of wind project costs and capacity factors based on public data.
In light of the above, NSP’s proposed/draft action plan item 3(c) viz: “Initiate a wind procurement strategy, targeting 0-100 MW new installed capacity by 2025 and up to 350 MW by 2030” seems unduly limiting, particularly as regards the im...
AI summary The text argues that NSP's proposed wind procurement strategy with an upper limit of 350 MW by 2030 is too restrictive, as scenarios with higher wind capacity can lead to lower electricity rates. Additional integration requirements, such as batteries or synchronized inertia, are seen as unnecessary and increase capital costs, potentially limiting wind installation.
Much larger quantities of wind capacity (c. 600 MW) are being added by 2025, and even earlier in Case “2.1C WIND-2“ which also has lower battery costs. Given that this has such a fundamental impact, coupled with the fact that lower wind co...
AI summary The text discusses the potential impact of lower wind costs on the timing of wind capacity deployment, emphasizing the need for further investigation. It also highlights the unnecessary association between battery costs and increased wind capacity until the 2nd AC intertie is established, suggesting that disassociating battery requirements could reduce the wind cost needed for a more rapid build-out plan.
through a combination of lower wind capital costs and savings from disassociating the battery requirements. // In summary, the findings from the “low wind cost” scenarios are much too significant to ignore, and it is of critical importance...
AI summary The text highlights the significance of findings from 'low wind cost' scenarios, emphasizing the need for further analysis to understand transition price points. It also recommends discontinuing the association of battery and synch comp costs with additional wind capacity in these scenarios.
hat the association of battery and synch comp costs with additional wind capacity, is discontinued for these (as well as other) scenarios.
AI summary The text discusses the discontinuation of associating battery and synch comp costs with additional wind capacity in certain scenarios, indicating a shift in cost allocation strategies.
rgy storage systems. CanREA believes that securing more market-based pricing information for these other clean energy resources would be valuable given the pricing trends for solar and energy storage. Furthermore, to the degree that this m...
AI summary CanREA suggests that market-based pricing data for solar and energy storage could influence NS Power's resource mix, especially if costs are lower than assumed in the IRP. CanREA also commented on wind's ability to provide frequency response services, reducing the need for fossil fuel inertia, though NS Power made only a minor adjustment to its wind modeling.
IRP pricing assumptions. Since NS Power agrees that new installed capacity by 2025 is desirable, engaging in a solicitation with the stated intent (but not requirement) to procure up to 700 MW of wind by 2025, depending on pricing and othe...
AI summary The document discusses NS Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) pricing assumptions, including the procurement of wind, firm imports, and gas peakers. It highlights that the most economical mix of resources depends on actual bids and that battery storage's role is not primarily price-driven. Further modeling is recommended to confirm acquisition pricing and wind integration strategies.
logy should be to understand better the value that battery resources may have for the system in the near term. 7 Case 2.1C suggests that only relatively modest battery resources are economic at current price levels. The sensitivity results...
AI summary The text discusses the economic viability of battery resources and compressed air energy storage within NS Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP). It suggests that only modest battery resources are currently economic and highlights the importance of including battery storage in the all-source procurement process to influence the value of other bids.
in the near term, it should be included in the all-source procurement process because successful battery storage bids could influence the relative value of other bids, including the reliability link. Transmission and wind integration plann...
AI summary The text discusses the need for NS Power to integrate battery storage and transmission planning with wind integration studies and all-source RFPs. It highlights the importance of evaluating various wind integration strategies, including the Reliability Tie, fast frequency response, and battery storage, to optimize grid investments and reliability.
e technology, reliability curtailments, and pre-curtailment of wind resources for operating reserve purposes; 9 and • A combination of lower battery prices and synchronous condensers. 10 8 NS Power mischaracterized this comment by truncati...
AI summary The document discusses potential solutions for reliability curtailments and pre-curtailment of wind resources, including the use of battery storage and synchronous condensers. It also notes that NS Power mischaracterized a stakeholder comment and highlights the limited economic viability of synchronous condensers in the NS Power system.
These three strategies may be employed in combination. One approach could be to sequence their deployment, relying on operating practices during the early stages of expanded wind development that could result in relatively large curtailmen...
AI summary The text discusses strategies for managing wind energy integration, including sequencing deployment, curtailment, and infrastructure upgrades. It also highlights the need for coordination in planning, cost estimation, and modeling to address system inertia and reliability concerns. Telos Energy's comments and Plexos modeling are referenced in this analysis.
rebuilding of the combustion turbines. To be clear, we agree with the Draft IRP Report that the combustion turbines are likely to be worth maintaining over the near term. The questions of longer-term 22 Bates White, Audit of Nova Scotia Po...
AI summary The text discusses the maintenance of combustion turbines and the need for further evaluation of their long-term sustainability. It references an audit of NSP's fuel adjustment mechanism and recommends additional data and analysis in the FAM audit proceeding and future IRP processes.
• Periodically re-evaluate CT economics as the cost of storage falls, and especially if the units are using substantial amounts of fuel and the cost of their fuel rises significantly. Operating surpluses and inefficient dispatch In the two...
AI summary The text highlights concerns regarding Nova Scotia Power's (NSP) operating surpluses and inefficient dispatch practices, as identified in Bates White audits. It recommends resolving these issues before finalizing the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) report and emphasizes the need to re-evaluate the economics of energy storage and fuel costs.
e, NS Power should follow up to determine how the water resource limits reduce the ELCC in normal and dry years in order to present the ELCC in a consistent manner for all intermittent resource types. On the other hand, if the modeling dat...
AI summary The text discusses the need for NS Power to address inconsistencies in modeling and historical data related to water resource limits and their impact on ELCC for hydro and wind resources. It suggests refining assumptions in models like RESOLVE and Plexos to ensure consistency and accuracy in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP).
itage Gas acknowledges that renewable electrification in certain sectors of the economy will be important for decarbonization in Nova Scotia. However, electrification unaccompanied with other clean 1 Nova Scotia Power Inc. 2020 Integrated...
AI summary The text discusses the importance of renewable electrification and hydrogen in achieving Nova Scotia's Net-Zero 2050 target. It highlights the role of hydrogen in sectors difficult to electrify and mentions studies supporting hydrogen's potential in Atlantic Canada. Natural gas and renewable natural gas are also noted as part of the transition strategy.
nd renewable natural gas (“RNG”) into natural gas infrastructure will further support the province in reaching the net-zero emissions target set out in the SDGA. Integrated Energy System Efficiencies While natural gas underpins the transit...
AI summary The text discusses the integration of renewable natural gas (RNG) and hydrogen into natural gas infrastructure to support Nova Scotia's net-zero emissions target. It highlights the role of an integrated energy system in reducing greenhouse gases, improving energy resiliency, and promoting local economic growth.
ons) to ensure system reliability during “stressed” system states, as an alternative to imposing additional capital costs. Such approaches are widely deployed on other power systems. Capital costs of Wind: Tracking of the installed costs...
AI summary The text discusses alternative approaches to ensuring system reliability without additional capital costs and highlights the importance of tracking capital costs of wind, solar, and energy storage. It also emphasizes the need to consider the monetary value of emissions reduction through the Nova Scotia Cap-and-Trade Program.
cure about 165 MW of firm imports, but a wide energy, either to meet load growth or to replace retiring range of near-term gas peaker procurements are resources. indicated. Battery storage should be included in the all-source The Company’s...
AI summary The text discusses the need for battery storage in the procurement process, noting that it could influence the value of other bids, particularly in relation to thermal retirements and the replacement of energy and capacity.
P a g e 1 45 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix L Page 82 of 125 Category Participant Comment NS Power Response and pre-curtailment of wind resources for operating Additional potential benefits of the Reliability Tie not reserve p...
AI summary The document discusses the potential benefits of the Reliability Tie, including the use of battery storage and synchronous condensers for reserve purposes, and mentions that additional benefits will be studied as part of Action Item 1b.
More in-depth investigation of the system inertia question is called for. If inertial constraints can be satisfied by a combination of wind curtailment and other operating limits, additional battery storage and synchronous condensers, NS P...
AI summary The text discusses the need for further investigation into system inertia, particularly through wind curtailment and battery storage. It also mentions the importance of reviewing the Reliability Tie and conducting further modeling for the Mersey hydroelectric facilities redevelopment, incorporating IRP findings and updated data.
operational profile (capacity factor, operating Item 4 – this would be considered in future planning hours, number of unit starts, etc.) to recent work, as triggered by IRP Roadmap Item 5 historical data; • Further evaluate the longer-term...
AI summary The document discusses the need to evaluate the operational profile of diesel CT units using historical data and to reassess the capital forecast for the diesel CT fleet as part of the evergreen IRP process. It also highlights the importance of re-evaluating CT economics as storage costs decrease and fuel costs increase. Additionally, it mentions the need to document a resolution to the issue of high operating-reserve surpluses identified in the FAM audit.
P a g e 8 45 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix L Page 89 of 125 Category Participant Comment NS Power Response wind and the constraints associated with integrating synchronous generators. New wind generation is additional volumes...
AI summary The document discusses the integration of wind energy and the challenges associated with it, including the need for synchronous generators and the use of dispatchable generators for ancillary grid services. NS Power uses the PLEXOS optimizer to make resource addition/retirement decisions, informed by market pricing and IRP scenarios.
ry energy storage systems. CanREA believes that securing more market- based pricing information for these other clean energy resources would be valuable given the pricing trends for solar and energy storage. Wind CanREA Furthermore, to the...
AI summary CanREA suggests that NS Power should reassess the role of solar and energy storage in its resource mix based on market pricing trends, and highlights the need for detailed system stability studies to address inertia constraints from wind and other non-synchronous resources.
ystem conditions that posed reliability risks (e.g., low be modeled to determine the timing and capacity of wind loads) then wind output greater than 700 MW could be additions. constrained down after imports were reduced. When curtailed, t...
AI summary The text discusses system conditions that could pose reliability risks, particularly when wind output exceeds 700 MW and may be constrained after imports are reduced. It also mentions that curtailed wind turbines could provide primary frequency response, potentially offsetting some of the associated costs.
ower has committed to an evergreen process and Electricity), the scale, and implications for appreciates the feedback. integration of other renewables; • New assumptions on the cost and value of renewable energy resources, including onshor...
AI summary The document outlines various assumptions and findings related to renewable energy integration, including the cost and value of onshore and offshore wind, solar PV, and energy storage, as well as initial outcomes from the NS Power Smart Grid project and the value of Time Varying Pricing.
NS Power Response for batteries/synch comps, and higher demand levels (mainly due to further electrification).
AI summary NS Power's response highlights the need for batteries and synchronous compensators to manage higher demand levels, primarily driven by increased electrification.
load scenario.” (Slide 47) The first element of the Draft Action Plan is to “Develop a Regional Integration Strategy to provide access to firm capacity and low carbon energy, increase the reliability of Nova Scotia’s interconnection with N...
AI summary CanREA supports the development of a Regional Integration Strategy to enhance access to firm capacity and low carbon energy, improve interconnection reliability, and enable coal unit retirements. They encourage NSPI to accelerate this effort and emphasize the importance of including solar energy and energy storage in planning scenarios.
the Short-Term Action Plan, including the treatment of plant retirements, economic retirement of one coal unit in the near demand response, and DSM avoided cost calculation term, as early as 2023, and some plans see economic methods.’ reti...
AI summary The text discusses the economic retirement of coal units in Nova Scotia, with one unit potentially retiring as early as 2023 and a second by 2030. It highlights the need for new capacity to offset retiring coal units, lower carbon emissions, and meet growing electricity demand. The text also mentions exploring alternatives to transmission connections, such as acquiring more wind resources and retiring steam plants sooner to reduce costs.
FINDING STAKEHOLDER STAKEHOLDER COMMENT REFERENCE Town of No comments n/a Wolfville 3d. Battery storage can enable wind integration AREA Supports comments from Natural Forces 2020-09-25; p.1 while providing firm capacity and energy storage...
AI summary The document discusses the role of battery storage in enabling wind integration and providing firm capacity, noting its limited ability to substitute for firm capacity due to short duration. Up to 120 MW of storage is projected by 2045, with deployments of 30-60 MW by 2025 in many plans. The Town of Wolfville and Natural Forces support the inclusion of battery storage in all-source procurement, but emphasize the need for NS Power to assess its value for the system in the near term.
ests that only relatively modest battery resources are economic at current price levels. The sensitivity results a trade-off between imported power and battery resources. Thus, even though battery storage is unlikely to make up a large sha...
AI summary The text discusses the economic viability of battery resources and their inclusion in NS Power’s procurement process, noting that while they may not be a large part of the portfolio in the near term, they could influence other bids. CanREA suggests reassessing the role of solar and energy storage based on updated market pricing information.
energy storage in its resource mix.’ EAC No comments n/a E1 No comments n/a Envigour DER assumptions should be updated in 2022. 2020-11-13; p. 2/3 Page 28 of 43 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix M Page 29 of 43 Nova Scotia Power...
AI summary The document discusses energy storage in the resource mix and includes stakeholder comments on DER assumptions, with some entities providing feedback and others indicating no comments.
ACTION PLAN ITEM STAKEHOLDER STAKEHOLDER COMMENT REFERENCE capacity to the Nova Scotia system. Fuel flexibility is a storage/synchronous condensers) should be used in component of this work, including consideration for the evaluation of th...
AI summary The document discusses a wind procurement strategy targeting increased wind capacity by 2025 and 2030, alongside system stability studies to support higher wind integration. Stakeholders support the initiative and emphasize the need for natural gas as a cleaner fuel alternative.
ROADMAP ITEM STAKEHOLDE STAKEHOLDER COMMENT REFERENCE R 1. Advance engineering study work on coal-to-gas Heritage Gas Supports and suggests a timeline and stakeholder 2020-11-16; p. 4/5 conversions at Trenton and Point Tupper Generating en...
AI summary The document outlines key actions related to energy infrastructure, including advancing coal-to-gas conversions, conducting system stability studies for wind integration, and pursuing reinvestment in hydro and combustion facilities. Stakeholders provide input on timelines, cost assumptions, and grid service impacts.
igger an update as needed. 3. Pursue economic reinvestment in existing hydro and CA Supports and recommends that sustaining capital costs be 2020-09-18; p. 13/13 combustion turbines with individual capital applications updated and that the...
AI summary The document discusses proposals for sustaining capital investments in thermal units and hydro facilities, including the need for economic justification and updated transmission planning. It also highlights the importance of monitoring low/zero carbon fuel development and suggests assessing natural gas pricing risks and investing in energy storage solutions.
capacity. JF Hydrostor Urges investment in compressed energy air storage as a 2020-09-18; p. 1/4 clean/green alternative to new transmission and fossil fuels Page 41 of 43 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix M Page 42 of 43 Nova Sc...
AI summary The document highlights a stakeholder comment from JF Hydrostor, urging investment in compressed air energy storage as a clean/green alternative to new transmission and fossil fuels. It also references Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Final Report and its Appendix M.
Request / Directive Originator Status NS Power Comments Per IRP and GUO letter from NSUARB about pre-IRP NSUARB Complete Please refer to EfficiencyOne’s 2019 Potential Study deliverables: Report, filed August 14, 2019 (M08929, Exhibit N- 1...
AI summary The NSUARB requested NS Power to confirm energy efficiency costs and potential, determine peak-load reducing demand response costs, and investigate bulk-scale battery storage costs as part of pre-IRP deliverables. NS Power referenced EfficiencyOne’s 2019 Potential Study and provided a Supply Options report.
e battery storage of different durations. scale battery storage of different durations. The Plexos results October 5, 2018 These options were integrated into the IRP indicate economic battery builds in different scenarios and including for...
AI summary The text discusses the importance of battery storage in different durations for economic builds and its role as peaking capacity. It also references the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and mentions Nova Scotia Power's (NSP) pre-IRP deliverables, including the monitoring of sustaining capital costs for the thermal fleet.
ty to further increase wind As the IRP progressed, these integration criteria penetration through transmission grid reinforcement. This were substantially amended and tested by: should also recognize that the introduction of bulk scale • A...
AI summary The text discusses the integration of wind energy into the transmission grid through reinforcement and the potential use of bulk-scale battery storage to enhance stability and voltage support. It also outlines amendments to integration criteria, including higher wind integration levels and ancillary grid services by wind generators.
Request / Directive Originator Status NS Power Comments In addition, the following items noted in the Bates White fuel NSUARB Complete Pre-IRP deliverables included the PSC Renewable audit report likely should be addressed during the first...
AI summary The NSUARB has directed NS Power to address several items from the Bates White fuel audit report during the first phase of the IRP process, including evaluating wind resources, comparing the economics of replacing CTs, and assessing capital investments at Trenton 6 or Point Tupper Marine.
well as other resource • Determine the extent of any capital investment that may be types like battery storage. required at Trenton 6 or the Point Tupper Marine Terminal after the current supply of domestic coal is no longer available at t...
AI summary The text discusses the need to assess capital investment requirements at Trenton 6 and Point Tupper Marine Terminal after domestic coal supply ends in 2019, and to analyze the planning reserve margin necessary to meet NPCC requirements, considering reliability and economics.
Request / Directive Originator Status NS Power Comments 2018 FAM Audit Recommendation IX-1 Bates White Complete Please refer to Assumptions, Modeling Results, Findings, Analysis Plan, Action Plan, and Roadmap. (d) Consider the full costs a...
AI summary The 2018 FAM Audit Recommendation IX-1 from Bates White advises NS Power to consider the full costs and benefits of various investment alternatives, including natural gas infrastructure, demand-side management, and transmission expansion. NS Power developed a natural gas model with different gas price scenarios and variable fuel cost inputs for the PLEXOS model.
runs. Refer specifically to sections 4.2.2, 4.4.3, 6.1.2, 6.5.1, and 7.1.1 of the Report. 2018 FAM Audit Recommendation IX-1 Bates White Complete The ELCC of existing and new wind was determined as part of the Pre-IRP work using LOLE studi...
AI summary The document discusses the determination of effective load carrying capability (ELCC) for existing and new wind resources in Nova Scotia, referencing a 2018 FAM Audit and the use of E3’s RECAP model. It also mentions the NS Power IRP Final Report and its appendix.