N-2NSPML (BW) RIRs 1-22 - Redacted
5 passages
ually for environmental measures or to add or improve recreational facilities. Relicense terms and conditions may also require changes in operations that restrict or, more rarely, enhance flexibility. As part of the terms and conditions of...
AI summary Relicensing terms for 44 projects (55%) required construction, primarily for environmental measures (e.g., fish passage structures) and recreational facilities (e.g., trails). Six projects with pre-2015 relicenses added 90 MW of capacity via turbine upgrades, though this represents only 7% of FERC-licensed projects' capacity additions during the same period.
oth PSH units and a desalination facility. Others proposed PSH in states that have rarely been considered for this type of storage facility in the past decade such as the Freestone project in Georgia. No new license applications were submi...
AI summary The U.S. PSH development pipeline includes ongoing projects like Mineville (240 MW), Lake Elsinore (500 MW), and Pearl Hill (5 MW), with FERC managing environmental reviews. Two projects were dropped due to licensing issues: Parker Knoll (Utah) and Hurricane Cliffs (Arizona). Washington State provided water quality certification for Pearl Hill, while FERC delayed Lake Elsinore's acceptance until 2019.
MULTIPURPOSE CONSTRAINTS TO HYDROPOWER OPERATIONAL FLEXIBILITY Protection of fish and wildlife is an important priority shaping hydropower operations in many parts of the United States. In the lower Snake and lower Columbia dams that are p...
AI summary The text discusses how fish and wildlife protection measures, such as water spilling for juvenile fish passage in the Federal Columbia River Power System, constrain hydropower operational flexibility. A 2018 collaborative agreement among federal agencies, states, and tribal nations introduced flexible spill timing, improving hydropower efficiency metrics like generation during peak load hours and mileage per megawatt. This balance between environmental and operational goals is highlighted.
on submission. From July 2019 to the end of March 2020, only one license application eligible for the new process was submitted to FERC, and the developer did not request to use the expedited process. In 2019 as part of AWIA's mandate, FER...
AI summary The text discusses FERC's expedited licensing process, AWIA's 2019 reports on federal non-powered dams (NPDs) and closed-loop pumped storage hydropower (PSH), and EPA's 2019-2020 NOPR updating Section 401 water quality certification (WQC) rules to improve transparency and efficiency in FERC licensing. The NOPR addressed ambiguities in WQC scope, conditions, and timelines after stakeholder feedback.
erhard, A., and R. Naude. 2016. "The South African Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme: A Review and Lessons Learned." Journal of Energy in South Africa 27, no.4: 1–14. European Small Hydropower Association. 2...
AI summary The text references studies and reports on hydropower, renewable energy programs, regulatory processes, and environmental considerations, including South African IPP procurement, European small hydropower, FERC licensing, fish passage in the Columbia River, Bonneville Power Administration's flexible assets, drought analysis, hydropower rights in Europe, and black start resources.
N-4NSPML (IG) RIRs 1-26 - Redacted
14 passages
Article 23. Environmental Releases 23.1 Each Party shall notify the other Party, first orally and then in writing, of the release of any Hazardous Substances, any asbestos or lead abatement activities, or any type of remediation activities...
AI summary Article 23 mandates parties to notify each other promptly (within 24 hours) of environmental releases, including hazardous substances, asbestos, or remediation activities at the Large Generating Facility or Interconnection Facilities. Notifying parties must also share publicly available reports with government authorities.
9.2.1 The Cigré Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Contents xiii 9.2.2 Failure Statistics for Large HVDC Cable Projects 242 9.2.3 Definition of Reliability Terms . 244 9.2.4 Reliability of Some Sp...
AI summary The text outlines the structure of a document discussing Cigré studies, focusing on topics such as failure statistics for HVDC cable projects, reliability terms, environmental impacts of submarine power cables, and various anecdotes related to cable installations. It includes sections on environmental assessment, cable design, and recycling.
3.1.4 The 2 K Criterion The prospective of a massive installation of offshore wind parks triggered a discussion of the heating of the seafloor. Environmentalists and authorities mainly in Germany advocate a limitation of the expected warmi...
AI summary The 2 K Criterion discusses environmental concerns regarding seafloor warming from offshore wind parks. German authorities and environmentalists advocate limiting temperature increases above submarine cables to 2 K. The text outlines calculation methods for steady-state conditions and cable installation configurations, referencing depth measurements (0.2 m and 0.3 m).
ental aspects of 250 10 Environmental Issues submarine power cables are discussed here in order to facilitate a fact-based fruitful discussion between project developers, authorities, and the public. The environmental impacts of submarine...
AI summary The text discusses the environmental impact assessment of submarine power cables, emphasizing a 'cradle-to-grave' approach covering production, installation, operation, and recycling. It highlights the use of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) models and the EIME tool developed by major electronic companies for evaluating environmental impacts.
10.2 The Influence of Cable Losses A standard LCA includes the impact from the operation of a product/asset. The transmission losses of a power cable during service generate a much higher environmental footprint than the energy used for ra...
AI summary The environmental impact of cable losses during the operation of submarine power cables is significantly higher than the impact from raw material production and manufacturing. Transmission losses obscure other environmental impacts, and their evaluation depends on the energy mix used to generate the lost power, which can vary from clean wind power to a typical national or international power mix.
Table 10.1 illustrates the difference in CO2 emission per kWh depending on the choice of reference power production [3]: Table 10.1 CO2 emission per kWh for different system borders System borders for electrical power production Average CO...
AI summary Table 10.1 compares CO2 emissions per kWh for different system borders, showing significant differences between regions like Sweden, Scandinavia, and the EU. The text emphasizes that reducing losses in submarine power cables has a greater environmental impact improvement than other details.
10.3 Environmental Aspects Related to Cable Design
AI summary Section 10.3 of the regulatory proceeding document addresses environmental considerations in cable design, though no detailed content is provided in the chunk. The focus is likely on environmental impacts related to materials, manufacturing, or deployment of cables in Nova Scotia's energy infrastructure.
rbon-black filling these materials can hardly be recycled. The amount of these materials is in the range of 100 g/m of cable core. Replacement materials for carbon-black filled polymers are not known. Most submarine power cables, especiall...
AI summary The text compares environmental impacts of Cu/Pb and Al/Al cables, noting Al/Al cables have lower impacts in most categories except Water Eutrophication. Lead sheaths contribute to raw material depletion, while aluminum/copper alternatives reduce environmental burden. Radar plots visualize these differences across energy depletion, global warming, and other categories.
Table 10.3 Mass content of various materials in two types of submarine power cables. All mass figures in kgs 170 kV a.c. 3 × 400 mm2 Cu HVDV 150 kV 1 × 1200 mm2 Cu Copper 11 22 Lead 22 13 Steel 20 16 XLPE 8.3 3.8 Other polymers 5.9 2.2 Tap...
AI summary This document presents a table comparing the mass content of various materials in two types of submarine power cables: 170 kV a.c. 3 × 400 mm2 Cu and HVDV 150 kV 1 × 1200 mm2 Cu. The table includes materials like copper, lead, steel, XLPE, and others. The section also introduces a discussion on environmental aspects of cable installation.
Like any construction activity, the installation of submarine cables affects the environment. Encouraged by the requirements of the authorities and the public opinion, the client will follow rules and standards in order to minimize the env...
AI summary The text discusses the environmental considerations and methods involved in the installation of submarine cables. It emphasizes compliance with environmental standards, the use of cost-efficient transport methods, and the non-invasive nature of certain installation techniques like the Pre-Lay Grapnel Run.
10.5.2 The 2 k Criterion The losses in buried submarine power cables generate a temperature rise in the surrounding soil. If the cable is fully loaded over months the cable surface can reach a temperature of 40–50◦C. This is, however, an e...
AI summary The 2 K criterion refers to the temperature rise around submarine HVDC cables, which may affect benthic ecosystems. While concerns exist about altered metabolism and species displacement, no scientific evidence supports these impacts, which are limited to a narrow corridor near the cables.
10.5.4 Chemical Impact Under normal operation conditions submarine power cables do not release chemicals, consumables, or other agents to the ambient. The materials are designed to be stable under the influence of seawater for decades. Cab...
AI summary Submarine power cables typically do not release chemicals under normal operation, but oil-filled cables may leak insulation oil upon damage. Synthetic oils like LAB are biodegradable but have toxicity concerns. Historical incidents, such as the 1979 Öresund cable damage, highlight environmental risks, though synthetic oils evaporate quickly. The text discusses the chemical impact of cable materials and their environmental implications.
10.6 Recycling of Submarine Power Cables There are few options to proceed after the useful life of a submarine power cable. It is easy to leave the defunct submarine cable in place and announce it as "abandoned" to authorities. It is diffi...
AI summary The text discusses challenges in recycling submarine power cables, including environmental and economic considerations. Options include leaving cables abandoned, recovering and recycling materials like metals and polymers, or repurposing cables as artificial reefs. Recycling methods involve mechanical separation, chemical processes, and using polymers as fuel.
References - 1. Mirebeau P et al. (2007). Use of an ecoconception software to design a hv cable connection, Proceeding of the 7th International Conferences on Insulated Power Cables, Jicable, Paris, France, 2007, 237 ff. - 2. Drugge B et a...
AI summary The references discuss environmental impacts of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) cables, including life cycle assessments, submarine transmission line effects, and cable decommissioning, citing studies on marine mammal interactions, toxicology, and recycling methods.