N-7Wind Integration Study
11 passages
o large and rapid voltage phase shifts. Until IBR technology is further advanced, some SIR will be required to maintain acceptable performance for an NSPI generation mix that includes large scale IBR. As mentioned previously, converter-bas...
AI summary The document discusses challenges in maintaining frequency control with inverter-based resources (IBR) in Nova Scotia's grid. IBR, such as wind energy converters (WECs), lack synchronous inertial response (SIR) and rely on fast frequency response (FFR). NSPI requires 4 Hz/s RoCoF ride-through for new generation, evaluated via PSS®E and PSCADTM studies. Solutions include synchronous generation, HVDC, and energy storage.
ence the dynamic response of the plant and the system, following disturbances. Detailed studies are carried out to verify the acceptable operation of the plant under foreseeable operating conditions. As noted in the section above, Frequenc...
AI summary This section discusses system strength analysis, focusing on maintaining SCR (Short Circuit Ratio) and SCMVA (Short Circuit MVA) levels, assessing impacts of retiring units, and conducting studies for new connections to ensure stability and power quality.
ned with what could be experienced with 2023 dispatch conditions and operating guidelines. That said, it is recommended that further study on an appropriate RoCoF metric for Nova Scotia be undertaken. The GHD survey [12] found that of the...
AI summary The document discusses the need for further study on an appropriate RoCoF metric for Nova Scotia, referencing existing studies and guidelines. It highlights the importance of understanding RoCoF ride-through capabilities of legacy and DER generation sources and the implications of different RoCoF thresholds on transmission system design and grid stability.
5.1 EMT Analysis Methodology NSPI, in collaboration with MHI, is in the process of developing the full NSPI network (including portions of neighbouring areas) in PSCADTM. The EMT model includes transmission details including 69 kV level an...
AI summary NSPI, in collaboration with MHI, is developing a detailed EMT model of the NSPI network in PSCADTM to analyze system behavior under various conditions. The model includes transmission and distribution levels and is used to study the impact of faults and IBR performance. Results are illustrative and do not reflect actual NSPI system responses.
5.2 EMT Models NSPI requires that all new interconnection customers provide accurate, site-specific models of their plant in PSCADTM format. In addition to the PSCADTM model, a corresponding PSS®E model that is benchmarked for performance...
AI summary NSPI requires accurate PSCADTM and PSS®E models from interconnection customers for system planning. However, obtaining accurate PSCADTM models remains challenging. MHI recommends that NSPI establish clear model requirements and validation processes to ensure model accuracy and performance.
5.4.1 Fault Ride-Through NERC Reliability Standard PRC-024-2 describes how generator protective relays should be set such that generating units remain connected during frequency and voltage excursions (see [Figure 5)](#page-37-2). The curv...
AI summary This section discusses the challenges of meeting Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) requirements under weak grid conditions for inverter-based plants. It highlights issues such as limitations in Phase Locked Loop response and the impact of plant tripping on voltage control and system stability.
5.4.2 Control Interactions Control Interactions (CI) is a specific issue that can impact the coordinated operation of Power Electronic devices in a local area. Control systems of dynamic devices can interact in an undesirable manner result...
AI summary Control Interactions (CI) can lead to unstable oscillations in power systems, especially with fast-acting reactive power controllers and dynamic devices like wind and solar. The Maritime Link HVDC is designed to avoid adverse interactions with thermal plants. Mitigation requires detailed studies and vendor collaboration.
6.1.1 Mechanical Inertia from WECs Recent development in WEC turbines allow for the short-term extraction of mechanical inertia in wind turbine generators. IBR control design can support the fast delivery of this mechanical inertia to the...
AI summary Recent advancements in wind energy conversion (WEC) turbines allow for the short-term extraction of mechanical inertia, which can be delivered to the grid through IBR control design. New WECs are required to provide frequency support to the NSPI grid, potentially including mechanical inertia from the turbine.
- The NREL paper "Research Roadmap on Grid-Forming Inverters" provides a good overview of the challenges of increased inverter controls on the power system and the need for technical and system roadmaps to enable a 100% power electronics g...
AI summary The text discusses the role of grid-forming inverters in enhancing grid stability and supporting renewable energy integration, citing examples such as the Dalrymple Battery Energy Storage System and the Maritime Link HVDC project. These technologies help replicate synchronous machine behavior, provide frequency control, and support system strength during contingencies.
6.4 FACTS, SVCs, STATCOM, Switched and Static Capacitor Banks Both fixed shunt devices and dynamic voltage control devices can help mitigate local IBR connection challenges. The size and locations are identified during the interconnection...
AI summary The text discusses the use of fixed shunt devices and dynamic voltage control devices to mitigate local IBR connection challenges, with their size and locations determined during the interconnection study process.
• Protection and Control The expected short circuit levels, considering fault current contribution from IBR as well as without a contribution from IBR is noted in the above. This information and EMT study results should be reviewed by prot...
AI summary The document discusses the impact of Inverter-Based Resources (IBR) on short circuit levels and relay performance, emphasizing the need for protection engineers to review EMT study results and assess negative sequence current contributions from generation sources.