Topic:"Stakeholder Engagement" in M12663

NOTICE OF APPLICATION IESO Nova Scotia is a not-for-profit corporation established on October 24, 2024 under the Act and has a statutory mandate that includes, among other aspects, maintaining the adequacy and reliability of the bulk power...

AI summary IESO Nova Scotia submits a 2026/2027 Revenue Requirement Application under the Act, detailing its phased transition from NS Power, including completed Phase I tasks like leadership hiring, IRP process initiation, and stakeholder engagement, with Phase II (real-time dispatch transfer) planned for Q2 2027.

r and the Northeast Power - 24 Coordinating Council, Inc. (NPCC), has established a process of ensuring that - 25 responsibility for compliance with the North American Electric Reliability Corporation - 1 (NERC) and NPCC reliability standa...

AI summary IESO Nova Scotia is advancing Integrated Resource Planning (IRP), selected Dunsky as a consultant, and initiated fast-acting generation projects in Pictou County. It has joined the ISO RTO Council and is transferring reliability responsibilities from NPCC and NERC. Key focus areas include completing the 2026 IRP, procurement processes, and aligning with the Clean Power Plan.

- 14 Scotia 23 employees to provide effective functional management - 15 and administration support that is not accounted for within the scope of the operational employees - 16 transitioning from NS Power. The 23 employees needed during th...

AI summary The text discusses the need for 23 employees to provide functional management and administrative support during the transition from NS Power, covering disciplines such as legal and regulatory compliance, human resources, financial management, and stakeholder engagement.

Nova Scotia Independent Energy System Operator (IESO Nova Scotia) Responses to Consumer Advocate (CA) Information Requests

AI summary IESO Nova Scotia is responding to information requests from the Consumer Advocate regarding regulatory proceedings in Nova Scotia. The document outlines the energy system operator's position on matters related to consumer advocacy and energy regulation.

Client will: - a. Participate in workshops and option validation sessions; and - b. Provide direction on preferred strategic outcomes.

AI summary The client will participate in workshops and option validation sessions, and provide direction on preferred strategic outcomes as part of the regulatory proceeding.

b. Discovery Kickoff Package\ The Discovery Kickoff Package will document the formal initiation of the engagement and will consist of the following, as applicable: - (1) Project objectives, scope, assumptions, and success criteria; - (2) G...

AI summary The Discovery Kickoff Package outlines procedural elements for project initiation, including objectives, governance, stakeholder engagement, and data requests. IBM is responsible for delivering the package in slide deck and meeting summary formats to the Client's Point of Contact as part of the Project Kickoff activity.

4.4. Handover Approach Our handover process includes: - 1. Joint review sessions: Detailed walkthrough of all deliverables with technical and project teams. - 2. Transition-readiness checklist: Confirmation that all required data, tools, a...

AI summary The handover process includes joint review sessions, a transition-readiness checklist, a final presentation with Q&A for leadership and the Board, and optional post-handover support. It aims to ensure smooth transition and strategic alignment.

Nova Scotia Independent Energy System Operator (IESO Nova Scotia) Responses to Consumer Advocate (CA) Information Requests

AI summary IESO Nova Scotia is responding to information requests from the Consumer Advocate regarding regulatory proceedings in Nova Scotia. The document outlines the energy system operator's position on matters related to consumer advocacy and energy regulation.

Nova Scotia Independent Energy System Operator (IESO Nova Scotia) Responses to Consumer Advocate (CA) Information Requests

AI summary IESO Nova Scotia has responded to information requests from the Consumer Advocate (CA) in a regulatory proceeding. The responses pertain to matters related to energy system operations and consumer interests.

Nova Scotia Independent Energy System Operator (IESO Nova Scotia) Responses to Consumer Advocate (CA) Information Requests

AI summary The document outlines the responses provided by the Nova Scotia Independent Energy System Operator (IESO Nova Scotia) to information requests made by the Consumer Advocate (CA). These responses are part of a regulatory proceeding and provide details on various aspects of energy system operations and customer service.

NON-CONFIDENTIAL 79 budgeting going forward. Of course, any budgeting to actual variances will not only be 80 examined to improve budgeting, it will be transparently reported for stakeholder and NSEB 81 review in its annual revenue require...

AI summary IESO Nova Scotia discusses budgeting transparency, the independence of the IESO, and decisions related to office space leasing and employee compensation in response to the Consumer Advocate's information requests. The IESO emphasizes its independence and compliance with the More Access to Energy Act.

Nova Scotia Independent Energy System Operator (IESO Nova Scotia) Responses to Consumer Advocate (CA) Information Requests

AI summary The document outlines the responses provided by the Nova Scotia Independent Energy System Operator (IESO Nova Scotia) to information requests made by the Consumer Advocate (CA). It highlights the exchange of information related to energy system operations and consumer interests.

Nova Scotia Independent Energy System Operator (IESO Nova Scotia) Responses to Consumer Advocate (CA) Information Requests 21 (f) On what basis did IESO NS assess the potential turnover rate of "2-3 employees"? 22 (g) Regarding Table 4: 23...

AI summary The document outlines information requests from the Nova Scotia Consumer Advocate (CA) to the Nova Scotia Independent Energy System Operator (IESO NS), covering topics such as employee turnover assessments, stakeholder engagement plans, software licensing, governance costs, and role transitions from NS Power. Questions focus on procurement processes, cost justifications, and detailed breakdowns of operational expenses.

Nova Scotia Independent Energy System Operator (IESO Nova Scotia) Responses to Consumer Advocate (CA) Information Requests

AI summary The document outlines the responses provided by the Nova Scotia Independent Energy System Operator (IESO Nova Scotia) to information requests made by the Consumer Advocate (CA). The responses likely pertain to operational, regulatory, or procedural matters relevant to energy system management and consumer interests.

- IESO Nova Scotia states that "Office costs were not anticipated in the 2025/2026 budget, thus - increasing the total costs in the Office costs subcategory from $nil to approximately $100,000 for - the fiscal year. Additionally, IESO Nova...

AI summary IESO Nova Scotia explains an increase in office costs for the 2025/2026 fiscal year, which was not initially anticipated in the budget. They offset this by reducing external consultancy costs through internal hiring. Questions are raised regarding budgeting methodology, supporting calculations, and variances in corporate administrative costs.

NON-CONFIDENTIAL 20 (e) Why is the "various insurance coverages" subcategory expected to decrease by 63% from 21 2025/2026 budget and annualized amounts? 22 (f) Why is the "communications" subcategory expected to decrease by 43% from 2025/...

AI summary The document outlines responses to information requests regarding budget changes, specifically the expected decrease in 'various insurance coverages' and 'communications' subcategories. The responses explain that budgeting methodology involved reviewing actual costs and expense drivers, and that increased consulting support is expected for stakeholder engagement related to procurement and Phase II initiatives.

NON-CONFIDENTIAL 53 resource with the hiring of a Manager, Communications and Indigenous, Government and 54 Stakeholder Engagement in late 2025. Nova Scotia Independent Energy System Operator (IESO Nova Scotia) Responses to Doane Grant Tho...

AI summary IESO Nova Scotia is responding to information requests by DGT. The document references plans to hire a Manager for Communications and Indigenous, Government, and Stakeholder Engagement by late 2025, indicating a focus on stakeholder engagement in regulatory proceedings.

Project Work Plan and Schedule Date: March 10, 2026 Project Key activities Estimated Completion MAEA Objects 2026/2027 Revenue Requirement and Fee Application (M12663) -Evidence by Intervenors and Board Counsel Consultants due March 31, 20...

AI summary The document outlines the project work plan and schedule for the Nova Scotia Energy Board (NSEB) for 2026/2027, covering key activities such as evidence submission, stakeholder engagement, and the development of an Integrated Resource Plan (IRP). Key projects include the 2026/2027 Revenue Requirement and Fee Application and the establishment of a permanent fee and cost recovery mechanism.

Version: 1.0 Object Summary 9(a) Operate and manage the grid reliably and efficiently 9(b) Plan for adequacy and reliability of the bulk system 9(c) Procure energy, capacity and ancillary services 9(d) Establish and administer market rules...

AI summary This document outlines the mandate of the Nova Scotia Independent Energy System Operator (IESO Nova Scotia) and its responsibilities, including grid management, market rules, IRP, and stakeholder engagement. It also references responses to information requests by the Nova Scotia Energy Board (NSEB).

13 Response IR - 9 14 (a) Not confirmed. While it is correct that the IRP consultant is reviewing past IRP practices 15 in Nova Scotia as a component of their work, they are also looking at other jurisdictions to 16 identify industry stand...

AI summary The IRP consultant is reviewing past IRP practices in Nova Scotia and other jurisdictions to identify industry standards and leading practices. They are also conducting stakeholder interviews and workshops to provide recommendations for a refreshed IRP process that aligns with Nova Scotia's current electricity planning needs.

NON-CONFIDENTIAL 61 62 (g) No. As shown in Table 16, the 2025/2026 budget for IRP consulting fees was $500,000. 63 Since the 2025/2026 budget was for a six-month period, this amount was prorated for 64 twelve months to develop the 2026/202...

AI summary The 2025/2026 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) consulting fees budget was prorated for twelve months, resulting in a total of $1.5M if fully spent. Neither of the IRP consultants are using subcontractors, though IESO Nova Scotia engaged Barrington Consulting for a stakeholder workshop and an independent contractor for audio-visual services.

Nova Scotia Independent Energy System Operator (IESO Nova Scotia) Responses to Small Business Advocate (SBA) Information Requests

AI summary This document outlines the responses provided by the Nova Scotia Independent Energy System Operator (IESO Nova Scotia) to information requests made by the Small Business Advocate (SBA). It reflects the interaction between regulatory entities and stakeholders in the context of energy system operations and policy.

oundational governance, controls, and corporate functions, secure office space, secure short-term funding, hire key leadership resources, and begin building out the administrative and technical teams. We entered into an agreement with New...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power has made progress in securing fast-acting capacity through collaboration with New Brunswick Power, initiated an Integrated Resource Plan, engaged stakeholders, and filed regulatory applications to support electricity supply reliability and renewable energy transition.

Proposed Approach and Methodology Describe your approach for defining each major stage of the engagement. Include methods for stakeholder engagement, workshops, and consensus building. Clearly explain how your approach ensures alignment wi...

AI summary The text outlines the need for a proposed approach and methodology for defining major stages of an engagement, emphasizing stakeholder engagement, workshops, consensus building, and alignment with regulatory obligations, NERC/NPCC standards, and IT/OT cybersecurity integration.

Information and Communication The information and communication component of an effective system of internal control acknowledges that consistent and timely information distribution and communications to relevant stakeholders is required....

AI summary The information and communication component of internal control emphasizes the need for consistent and timely information sharing with stakeholders. IESO Nova Scotia has implemented regular reporting mechanisms to the Board, its committees, regulators, and stakeholders.

How to Use this Report This report can be used for envisioning and planning the future of a more resilient and reliable grid. While the Canadian Analysis offers valuable insights to explore reliability under extreme conditions, its finding...

AI summary This report outlines how the Canadian Analysis can be used to plan for a more resilient and reliable grid, emphasizing the need for collaboration between stakeholders, alignment with policies, and engagement with findings from the ITCS report to address potential vulnerabilities.

Stakeholder Engagement The Advisory Group of stakeholders, which includes regulators, industry trade groups, and transmitting utilities, was formed to ensure a comprehensive and inclusive study. The Advisory Group'smeetings, which were pub...

AI summary The Advisory Group, composed of regulators, industry trade groups, and utilities, was established to ensure a comprehensive and inclusive study. Public meetings and materials were posted on the ITCS webpage. NERC engaged stakeholders throughout the study, incorporating their input into the process and emphasizing continued collaboration to address grid challenges.

7 CEO Desired Outcome Measures Objective 1. Build Organizational Capability IESO's capabilities mature at a pace to enable it to meet its statutory deadlines, be seen as i. Build out organizational structure (within approved budget), hirin...

AI summary The document outlines the IESO's objectives for building organizational capability, developing culture, and delivering on 2026/27 enterprise priorities, including legislative mandates, reliability resources, and stakeholder trust. It also references a regulatory proceeding related to revenue requirement and fees (M12663).

NON CONFIDENTIAL 4. Continue to develop external relationships Relationships & trust are going to be key to IESO-NS's long term success. This is looking to build on the good start in 2025/26. i. ii. Develop Government & Stakeholder Engagem...

AI summary The document outlines key priorities for IESO-NS, focusing on developing external relationships and securing financial sustainability. It emphasizes the importance of stakeholder engagement, securing a transparent revenue model, and maintaining a credit rating for settlement activities.

1. The following timetable will apply to this proceeding: Notices of Intervention Tuesday, February 10, 2026 Submissions from Intervenors about proposed Temporary Financial Relief Thursday, February 12, 2026 Information Requests (IRs) to I...

AI summary This document outlines the timetable for a regulatory proceeding, including key dates for interventions, evidence submissions, and public comment letters. It also notes that the timeline may change if an oral hearing is granted.

1. The following timetable will apply to this proceeding: Notices of Intervention Tuesday, February 10, 2026 Submissions from Intervenors about proposed Temporary Financial Relief Thursday, February 12, 2026 Information Requests (IRs) to I...

AI summary This document outlines the timetable for a regulatory proceeding, including key deadlines for interventions, evidence submissions, and public comments. The timeline includes dates for notices of intervention, submissions from intervenors, information requests, rebuttals, and responses, with a note that the timeline may change if an oral hearing is granted.

SMALL BUSINESS ADVOCATE TAKE NOTICE that the Small Business Advocate hereby Intervenes in this proceeding in accordance with the regulations. The Small Business Advocate represents 3 classes of small business (namely 10, 11, and 21 small b...

AI summary The Small Business Advocate intervenes in a Nova Scotia regulatory proceeding on behalf of three classes of small businesses (classes 10, 11, and 21, general, and small industrial). Contact details are provided for Blackburn Law Inc. and Daymark Energy Advisor, with Melissa P. MacAdam as the Small Business Advocate. The proceeding is directed to Crystal Henwood, Clerk of the Nova Scotia Energy Board.

1. IESO NS indicates that for the purposes of preparing its budget, it has “assumed that the 23 employees responsible for functional management and administrative matters are fully employed during the 26/27 fiscal year.” Please confirm whe...

AI summary The text outlines a series of questions directed at IESO NS regarding its budget assumptions, staffing, compensation, fringe benefits, salary increases, turnover rates, stakeholder engagement, procurement processes, office costs, and governance expenses for the 26/27 fiscal year.

Request IR-5: Refer to the Application and Exhibit D-1 – Immediate Temporary Financial Relief which states on page 40, at lines 24-26: … IESO Nova Scotia has determined that a minimum of Nine Hundred Fifty Thousand dollars ($950,000) reven...

AI summary The text discusses a request for immediate temporary financial relief by IESO Nova Scotia, which requires at least $950,000 monthly revenue to meet liabilities. NS Power has agreed to this request, provided the monthly assessment is approved as a prudent cost and can be recovered through the Fuel Adjustment Mechanism (FAM). The request includes questions about consultation with various stakeholders and legislative authority for the FAM recovery.

, IESO Nova Scotia is amenable to the Board permitting additional IRs from all parties. For procedural efficiency, those IRs should be reasonably limited to matters arising directly from the Rebuttal. Notwithstanding the above, and as outl...

AI summary IESO Nova Scotia requests immediate temporary financial relief due to urgent liquidity concerns, arguing that delaying action would lead to insolvency and harm stakeholders. They propose procedural efficiency by limiting additional interventions to matters directly related to the Rebuttal, while committing to address intervenor concerns through existing processes. Key deadlines include February 27, 2026, for relief approval and March 10, 2026, for responses to intervenor requests.

Please refer to: David Roberts Email: [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected]) Assistant: Alissa Whalen Assistant's email: [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected]) April 7, 2026 VIA WEB PORTAL Crystal Henwoo...

AI summary The Consumer Advocate supports the Small Business Advocate's request for an oral hearing in M12663 regarding IESO Nova Scotia's 2026/2027 revenue requirement and fees application. The letter references the matter and the supporting position.

April 15, 2026 Ms. Crystal Henwood Regulatory Affairs Officer/Clerk Nova Scotia Utility and Review Board 1601 Lower Water Street, 3rd Floor P.O. Box 1692, Unit "M" Halifax, NS B3J 3S3 Re: M12663 – IESO Nova Scotia - 2026/2027 Revenue Requi...

AI summary The Small Business Advocate (SBA) requests an oral hearing for IESO Nova Scotia's 2026/27 Revenue Requirement and Fees Application, supported by the Consumer Advocate and Industrial Group. IESO Nova Scotia acknowledges the request but argues a full oral hearing may be unnecessary at this early stage.

has made best efforts to strengthen the evidence provided to the Board and intervenors through the information request process, including supplemental responses provided at the request of intervenors. IESO Nova Scotia notes that it is acti...

AI summary IESO Nova Scotia outlines efforts to comply with the Board's direction in M12412, including stakeholder engagement, accounting policy development, and a permanent fee mechanism. Initiatives include quarterly reporting, Integrated Resource Plan collaboration, and grid operations transition from Nova Scotia Power. These actions aim to address concerns raised by the SBA and ensure regulatory compliance.

, aspirationally in 2027, and purposefully moving forward to establish a permanent fee and cost recovery mechanism in consultation with stakeholders, with related work and engagement already underway. In these circumstances, IESO Nova Scot...

AI summary IESO Nova Scotia proposes addressing remaining concerns about the 2026/2027 Revenue Requirement and Fees application through oral submissions, with potential written submissions if needed. They emphasize a measured approach aligned with their priorities and the scope of the requested approvals, which include a $14.85 million revenue requirement and a deferral mechanism. The IESO also highlights commitments to transparency and regulatory engagement.

nd fee calculation model, respectively. Progress to date includes the following: • On May 5, 2026, FTI's report on its jurisdictional scan of ISO fee recovery mechanisms was provided to stakeholders. 1 IESO Nova Scotia 2026/27 Revenue Requ...

AI summary IESO Nova Scotia has made progress on its fee recovery mechanism application, including providing reports, engaging stakeholders, and distributing a draft settlement agreement. Stakeholder feedback has been collected, and further items are expected to be completed in early July 2026.

l discussions with regulatory stakeholders and advanced the drafting of its fee recovery mechanism application. The following additional items are expected to be completed in the week of July 6, 2026: - FTI's final fee recovery mechanism r...

AI summary IESO Nova Scotia is updating its fee recovery mechanism application timeline due to stakeholder feedback and additional engagement sessions. The application is expected to be submitted in July 2026 after further discussions and feedback.

riance Mechanism and its governance, and issues raised in relation to the request for interim funding, among others." 8 32 The CA supported the SBA's request. 33 34 In response, the IESO acknowledged the concerns of the parties, but also i...

AI summary The IESO acknowledged concerns regarding the lack of transparency and insufficient detail in its Application, attributing this to being in its first year of operation and having only recently hired employees. The CA supported the SBA's request, and the Board decided to proceed with an oral hearing.

MAEA ), the Ontario IESO annual reporting includes a financial performance analysis comparing actual results for its core operations, with narrative explanation of material variances.[83](#page-17-0) In contrast with the approach taken by...

AI summary The text discusses annual reporting improvements, comparing the Ontario IESO's public disclosure of financial performance, executive compensation, and benchmarking methodologies with the IESO-NS approach. It notes the lack of comparable information from IESO-NS in this proceeding and references related regulatory matters and legal decisions.

CONCLUSION In reliance on the above submissions, the Industrial Group requests that the Board: - 1. decline to make the Deferral Account Mechanism permanent, and decline to expand its scope to include capital cost variances or catch-all un...

AI summary The Industrial Group requests the Board to not make the Deferral Account Mechanism permanent or expand its scope, and if approved for 2026/2027, to implement it on a limited, interim, and conditional basis with specific governance requirements.

f IESO Nova Scotia's operations, the magnitude and 23 nature of the costs at issue, the size and capacity of the organization, and the quarterly reporting DATE FILED: AUGUST 7, 2026 Page 46 of 48 1 obligations already imposed by the Board....

AI summary IESO Nova Scotia requests approval of its 2026/2027 revenue requirement and the DVM, while reiterating its commitment to regulatory transparency and stakeholder engagement. It also seeks clarity on the Board's jurisdiction under subsection 29(4) of the MAEA.

LIST OF UNDERTAKINGS NO. PAGE NO. 14 approved by the Board due to sorry; by the Board to 15 "Avoid making the bad situation created by IESO Nova 16 Scotia even worse." 17 [9:10:09] Notably, the Board was also critical 18 of the fact that I...

AI summary The document outlines undertakings related to a regulatory proceeding, highlighting the Board's criticism of IESO Nova Scotia's incomplete application and the Consumer Advocate's concerns regarding cost reasonableness and the transition of functions from Nova Scotia Power to IESO Nova Scotia. It also mentions the Small Business Advocate's opening statement.

OPENING STATEMENT 27 IESO NOVA SCOTIA 1 In these roles, I've testified in 11 Brunswick Power for 100 megawatts of fast-acting capacity 12 from their new RIGS, or Renewables Integration Grid 13 Security Facility, a project which has recentl...

AI summary IESO Nova Scotia discusses cross-provincial collaboration, including a project with Brunswick Power for fast-acting capacity, and highlights stakeholder engagement efforts in the Integrated Resource Plan. They also mention regulatory filings and progress in advancing renewable energy transition.

reflected in the negotiation that was undertaken. To be specific about your question around an indemnity agreement, that would not have been a commercial position that we would have reached with our counterparty. Q. Okay. Thank you. In the...

AI summary The discussion revolves around the hiring status of the IESO, with confirmation that only nine of 23 management and administrative positions were filled as of the time of the response, with more expected to be filled in early 2026. The current employee count is 31, with nine vacancies remaining, and four roles still to be hired.

1 2 3 4 5 describe the provisions of the Act which remain to be proclaimed, and also provide details on any discussions IESO Nova Scotia has had with government concerning proclamation of these provisions. 6 7 And the I'll ignore the part...

AI summary The document discusses the lack of formal discussions between IESO Nova Scotia and the government regarding the proclamation of certain provisions of an Act. It also touches on coordination between IESO and Nova Scotia Power during a transition, noting limited sharing of detailed financial information.

IESO NOVA SCOTIA PANEL 133 Cr-ex, (Murphy) between August 7th, when IESO gave the answer to the IR, and January 20th, when IESO filed this present Application, did IESO realize it would not be proposing a permanent fee recovery mechanism?...

AI summary The IESO discusses the timeline and rationale for not proposing a permanent fee recovery mechanism in its Revenue Application. The organization highlights stakeholder discussions, the need for external advice, and urgent funding requirements that influenced the decision.

IESO NOVA SCOTIA PANEL 137 Cr-ex, (Murphy) stakeholders yesterday. I think are you referring to a slide deck was shared with stakeholders? A. (Johnston) Yes, I am. Q. Okay. And but the actual presentation that IESO is going to provide is h...

AI summary The IESO is preparing to file a Permanent Fee Application but is seeking stakeholder feedback before proceeding. The process is ongoing, with a meeting scheduled and potential delays if further input is needed. The IESO aims to align its position with stakeholder concerns to avoid complications during the Board review.

- Q. If we go onto page 19 of 45 of 1 the same document, Table 5 actually, I'll just go down 2 to the very bottom of that page 19 where the footnotes 3 are, and it does say, "Web Hosting line item was omitted 4 in the '25/'26 Application i...

AI summary The text discusses a discrepancy in the '25/'26 Application regarding the omission of a web hosting line item and mentions the development of guidelines for the OM&A Deferral and Variance Account. It also references the compensation philosophy for IESO Nova Scotia, targeting the 50th percentile of the market for roles in Atlantic Canada.

IESO NOVA SCOTIA PANEL 331 Cr-ex, (Rudderham) 1 A. (Johnston) Yeah, that would be INTERNATIONAL REPORTING INC. CERTIFIED COURT REPORTERS 1 their recommendations and you're putting forward a 2 recommendation to the IESO Board; correct? 3 (J...

AI summary The proceeding discusses the IESO's implementation plan for a transition, which will be developed with input from NSPI and informed to the government. The IESO intends to provide quarterly updates on the status of the transition, including Phase I and Phase II.

IESO NOVA SCOTIA PANEL 441 Cr-ex, (Rudderham) 1 Q. You've alluded to changes not of 15 MR. KAYTER: Mr. Chair, I just need to 16 grab my notes. 17 BY MR. KAYTER: 18 And in fact, I quoted your Q. 19 evidence today as saying "No section 30 co...

AI summary The text is a portion of a regulatory proceeding involving Nova Scotia Power Inc. (NSPI) and Nova Scotia Power (NSP), where a witness, Mr. Johnston, is being questioned about filings and submissions related to the proceeding. The discussion touches on legal procedures and stakeholder engagement.