Topic:"System Reliability" in M09096

modeling team on a similar two-and-a-half-year study, "Pennsylvania's Solar Future." That project is currently wrapping up, under the direction of that state's Department of Environmental Protection. I have led two statewide studies for th...

AI summary The individual has extensive experience in energy efficiency and renewable energy projects, leading studies for organizations like the Alaska Energy Authority, New Jersey Clean Energy Program, and NYSERDA, focusing on rural communities, state energy plans, and system reliability initiatives.

. The key themes that Nova Scotians want followed for the electricity system are:  accountability;  market competition;  stable power rates in an accountable and transparent electricity system; and  support for innovation, but not at a...

AI summary Nova Scotians prioritize accountability, market competition, stable power rates, and innovation in the electricity system. Provincial legislation mandates 40% renewable electricity by 2020 and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Nova Scotia has a winter peaking load profile, and projects like the Maritime Link are vital for managing variable loads and promoting renewable energy.

3.1.3. Adequacy of Current Resources Current staffing and funding are sufficient for the ETN to continue functioning at its current level, but it will need additional staff to increase the program's engagement with the network and its valu...

AI summary Current ETN staffing and funding are sufficient for its current operations but require additional staff to enhance engagement with ENS. ENS respondents recommend splitting ETN staff responsibilities into outreach/recruitment and member support to improve program effectiveness.

Internal ETN Resources [ALL] 13. How adequate are the resources for the ETN given the services it is trying to provide to its members and other ENS staff? [ Probe about the staffing level if the respondent does not explicitly mention that...

AI summary The document examines the adequacy of the Efficiency Trade Network's (ETN) resources, including staffing, budget, and future needs for the 2018 funding cycle. It probes whether current resources constrain services, identifies gaps, and assesses potential changes for future cycles.

F. Addressing Climate Mitigation & Climate Adaptation Evaluation of climate change aspects of DSM has two parts. First, evaluation of the role of program components in climate mitigation. Second, evaluation of the role of program component...

AI summary The document evaluates DSM programs' climate mitigation and adaptation roles. Econoler's 2018 analysis quantifies GHG emission reductions but notes climate adaptation wasn't scoped in 2018. Climate adaptation is framed as an intergenerational value stream, distinct from DSM's short-term focus. Passive House is highlighted as a model integrating energy efficiency and resilience. DSM measures (except new construction) avoid long-term 'lock-in' issues.

one oil- and gas-fired facility and four remaining coal-fired plants. Nameplate capacity and fuel type for the thermal fleet is summarized in [Figure](#page-48-0) 2. Figure 2. NS Power Thermal Facilities Facility Name Nameplate Capacity (M...

AI summary The text discusses NS Power's thermal fleet, including one oil- and gas-fired facility and four coal-fired plants, and highlights that additional investment in Demand Side Management (DSM) may reduce thermal capacity factors but may not effectively reduce the need for thermal generation during peak heating season.

Q. Please characterize NS Power's resource mix. - A. NS Power's resource mix is composed of coal, petroleum coke, light and heavy oil, natural gas, biomass, wind, tidal, and hydro resources. In addition, NS Power purchases energy from inde...

AI summary NS Power's resource mix includes coal, oil, natural gas, biomass, wind, tidal, hydro, and imported power. Additional hydro from Newfoundland/Labrador via Maritime Link will enhance grid reliability but not eliminate reliance on thermal plants until 2030, as per Synapse's analysis in the GUO Report.

Q. Is EE an integral part of NS Power's resource mix? A. Yes. Like other EDCs across North America, EE is an integral part of NS Power's resource mix. The effect of recent high EE penetration, which has been boosted by financial incentives...

AI summary Energy efficiency (EE) is an integral part of NS Power's resource mix, supported by financial incentives and environmental goals. However, EE cannot fully replace dispatchable resources, and NS Power's thermal fleet remains necessary for meeting peak demand and ensuring grid security during periods of low wind generation or unexpected weather conditions.

INDUSTRY PRESENTATIONS & PUBLICATIONS Law Seminars International Conference; Transmission and Clean Energy in the Northeast "Offshore Energy Policy Issues, Where Are We Headed, How & When?," March 2019 "Renewable Initiatives in the Greater...

AI summary The document lists industry presentations and publications from 2014 to 2019, covering topics like renewable energy, infrastructure, natural gas, system reliability, and gas-electric coordination. Key entities include conferences, energy associations, and regulatory bodies such as PJM, IEEE, and NEPOOL.

NON-CONFIDENTIAL 1 Request IR-18: 2 3 Please explain how "the direct benefits of reductions in billed demand, at least for those 4 customer groups billed for facility peak demand," constitute benefits for Nova Scotia 5 electricity consumer...

AI summary The document addresses Request IR-18, which questions how reductions in billed demand benefit all Nova Scotia electricity consumers. NS Power responds that while direct benefits are limited, reduced demand may lower system coincident peak, enhancing reliability and potentially delaying new infrastructure or retiring older resources. Data on billing peaks is provided only for customers with remote interval meters.

2020-2022 DSM IG IR-05 Attachment 1 Page 39 of 158 REDACTED (CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION REMOVED) 1 7.0 RESOURCE ADEQUACY 2 3 7.1 Operating Reserve Criteria 4 5 Operating Reserves are generating resources which can be called upon by system 6...

AI summary The document outlines the operating reserve criteria for Nova Scotia Power as a member of the Maritimes Area of the Northeast Power Coordinating Council (NPCC). It specifies requirements for ten-minute and thirty-minute reserves and details the sharing of reserve responsibilities between Nova Scotia Power and New Brunswick Power based on a load-ratio share.

2020-2022 DSM IG IR-05 Attachment 1 Page 40 of 158 REDACTED (CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION REMOVED) 1 The Ten-Minute Reserve Responsibility formula results in a reserve share of 2 approximately 40 percent of the largest loss-of-source contingen...

AI summary The Ten-Minute Reserve Responsibility formula requires NS Power to maintain 40% of the largest loss-of-source contingency in the Maritimes Area, resulting in a 220 MW reserve requirement. When Point Aconi is online, this reduces to 168 MW, with 33 MW as spinning reserve. Additional regulating reserve is maintained for load and generation variability, and reserve sharing with Maritime Link depends on its power usage in Nova Scotia.

13 7.2 Planning Reserve Criteria 14 15 The Planning Reserve Margin (PRM) intends to maintain sufficient resources to serve 16 firm customers. Unit forced outages, higher than forecasted demand, and lower than 17 forecasted wind generation...

AI summary The Planning Reserve Margin (PRM) ensures sufficient resources to meet firm customer demand, considering factors like outages and wind generation variability. NS Power must comply with NPCC reliability criteria, requiring probabilistic evaluation to maintain a loss of load expectation (LOLE) of no more than 0.1 days per year, as outlined in the NPCC Regional Reliability Reference Directory.

2020-2022 DSM IG IR-05 Attachment 1 Page 49 of 158 REDACTED (CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION REMOVED) 1 NS Power performs an assessment of operational resource adequacy covering an 18- 2 month period twice a year (in April and October proceeding...

AI summary NS Power conducts biannual operational resource adequacy assessments covering 18 months, aligning with NERC standards and NPCC working groups. Reports are published on the NSPSO's OASIS site, with a figure illustrating the most recent 18-month load and capacity assessment.

2020-2022 DSM IG IR-05 Attachment 1 Page 53 of 158 REDACTED (CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION REMOVED) 1 8.2.3 Special Protection Systems (SPS) 2 3 NS Power also makes use of Special Protection Systems (SPS) in conjunction with the 4 Supervisory C...

AI summary NS Power employs Special Protection Systems (SPS) with SCADA to enhance transmission stability and manage overloads. The NPCC Task Force on Coordination of Planning (TFCP) is reviewing NPCC A-10 to improve methodologies for identifying critical Bulk Power System (BPS) elements and enhance reliability across the NPCC region.

1 8.4 Transmission Project Approval 2 3 The transmission plan presented in this document provides a summary of the planned 4 reinforcement of the NS Power transmission system. The proposed investments are 5 required to maintain system reli...

AI summary NS Power outlines a transmission plan requiring upgrades to ensure system reliability and compliance with standards. Projects may change based on studies, load forecasts, or regulatory decisions. The Maine and Atlantic Technical Planning Committee (MATPC) coordinates regional transmission planning involving multiple utilities and regulators.

1 9.2 Nova Scotia – New Brunswick Intertie Overview 2 3 The power systems of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick are interconnected via three 4 overhead transmission lines; one 345 kV line from Onslow, Nova Scotia to 5 Memramcook, New Brunswick,...

AI summary Nova Scotia and New Brunswick are interconnected via three transmission lines, with the intertie primarily supporting system reliability. Access is governed by OATTs, and import/export limits (350 MW export, 300 MW import) are set to handle single contingency losses. Power flow is influenced by regional loads and renewable generation.

3 4 Figure 26: Conditions Determining Limits Export Import Amount of generation in Nova Scotia that can be rejected or run-back via SPS action Nova Scotia system load level (Import must be less than 22% of total system load) Reactive Power...

AI summary The text outlines conditions that determine limits for export and import in Nova Scotia's power system, including factors like generation capacity, reactive power support, and transmission line ratings. These conditions involve interactions with New Brunswick and other regions, as well as climatological and operational factors.

2020-2022 DSM IG IR-05 Attachment 1 Page 60 of 158 REDACTED (CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION REMOVED) 1 If the NS Power system becomes separated from the North American interconnected 2 power system during heavy import, Nova Scotia system frequen...

AI summary The text discusses risks of Nova Scotia's power system separating from the North American grid during heavy import, leading to frequency drops and under-frequency load shedding (UFLS). High non-synchronous generation (e.g., wind, solar) reduces system inertia, increasing load shedding. NB Power restricts exports to prevent adverse impacts on New Brunswick, PEI, and the intertie with New England.

2020-2022 DSM IG IR-05 Attachment 1 Page 63 of 158 REDACTED (CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION REMOVED) 1 • Replacement of 7.5/10//11.2 MVA Halliburton 69-25kV Transformer 56N-T1 2 with new 15/20/25MVA unit due to load growth and voltage conversion...

AI summary The document outlines infrastructure upgrades for Nova Scotia Power Inc. (NSPI), including transformer replacements (e.g., Halliburton, Auburndale), capacitor bank breaker replacements, and transmission right-of-way widening projects (2018–2020). These efforts aim to address load growth, voltage conversions, and reduce tree-related outages. Some projects, like the Harbour Crossing replacement, require ongoing studies.

2020-2022 DSM IG IR-05 Attachment 1 Page 64 of 158 REDACTED (CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION REMOVED) 1 the L-6014 capacity that will be displaced with the removal of the Harbour 2 Crossing. The new infrastructure will need to be in service in 20...

AI summary The text discusses infrastructure projects related to transmission right of way widening and the installation of new electrical supply systems, including compliance gaps in the Bulk Electricity System (BES) at Nova Scotia Power, such as the refurbishment of a Static Var Compensator (SVC) at the 120H Brushy Hill substation.

2020-2022 DSM IG IR-05 Attachment 1 Page 70 of 158 REDACTED (CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION REMOVED) 1 review and refine the main drivers of resource planning requirements, such as the end-use 2 forecasting methodology for forecasting firm peak...

AI summary The text outlines resource planning requirements for NS Power, emphasizing load forecasting, evaluation of wind and ERIS resources, and planning reserve margins. It clarifies that capacity assessments meet NPCC reliability criteria, not optimal capacity, which is determined via IRP. Transmission planning includes Maritime Link and reliability standards.

2018 10 Year System Outlook Report Appendix A Page 1 of 4 2020-2022 DSM IG IR-05 Attachment 1 Page 71 of 158 REDACTED (CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION REMOVED) 2014 IRP Action Item IRP Reference 2018 10YSO Report Reference Status Continue to deve...

AI summary The 2018 10 Year System Outlook Report Appendix A discusses the continuation of efforts to understand operational challenges related to variable generation integration, as part of the Integrated Resource Planning (IRP) process, and the need to report findings to the Nova Scotia Utility and Review Board (NSUARB).

Executive Summary This study was initiated to determine if the Effective Load Carrying Capability (ELCC) of existing Energy Resource Interconnection Service (ERIS) wind generating facilities within Nova Scotia can be counted toward resourc...

AI summary This study assesses the impact of Maritime Link network upgrades on the ELCC of ERIS wind facilities in Nova Scotia. It confirms no transmission violations under various scenarios, validates short circuit levels, and concludes existing ERIS facilities can contribute to ELCC calculations. No additional upgrades are required, and CFA analysis suggests an 8% ELCC with 48.8MW contribution from 610MW of wind resources.

1.0 Introduction This study was initiated to determine if the Effective Load Carrying Capability (ELCC) of existing Energy Resource Interconnection Service (ERIS) wind generating facilities within Nova Scotia can be counted toward resource...

AI summary This study evaluates whether the Effective Load Carrying Capability (ELCC) of existing Energy Resource Interconnection Service (ERIS) wind facilities in Nova Scotia can be counted toward resource adequacy after network upgrades from the Maritime Link project, without reclassifying them to Network Resource Interconnection Service (NRIS).

1.1 Scope This report presents the results of the study with the objective of assessing the impact of Maritime Link Network Upgrades on existing ERIS wind generation facilities connected to the Nova Scotia transmission system. In particula...

AI summary This study assesses the impact of Maritime Link Network Upgrades on ERIS wind generation facilities in Nova Scotia, focusing on short circuit analysis, thermal overload checks, and stability analysis. It also provides a non-binding cost estimate for upgrades needed to operate ERIS facilities like NRIS facilities.

1.2 Existing Transmission System The existing NSPI transmission system has approximately 5,150 km of transmission lines at voltages 69 kV, 138 kV, 230 kV and 345 kV, and is interconnected to New Brunswick Power via one 345kV and two 138kV...

AI summary The NSPI transmission system spans 5,150 km with 69–345 kV lines, interconnected to New Brunswick via 345 kV and 138 kV lines. Generation is concentrated in eastern Nova Scotia, with flows directed toward Onslow and Halifax. Key corridors include CBX, ONI, and NSX, monitored for stability and IROLs under the Maritimes Area Reliability Coordinator.

1.7 Base Case Development The system representation used in the base cases for this study was developed jointly with NBP for the Maritimes area from the update of MMWG 2014 Series MMWG 2020 base cases. The projects planned for installation...

AI summary The base case development involved collaboration with NBP to update Maritimes area system representations from MMWG 2014 to 2020 base cases, incorporating projects like network upgrades, protection systems, and capacitor banks between 2017-2021.

1.8 Assumptions The study was performed using the following assumptions: - 1. NSPI's transmission line ratings as posted on NSPI's Intranet, including any projected line upgrades for the periods under study. - 2. Committed generation as li...

AI summary The study assumes NSPI's transmission line ratings, committed generation modeling, active transmission elements including capacitors and SVC, completed Maritime Link upgrades, and SPS readiness to manage up to 330 MW contingencies. COMFIT generation is treated as negative load, with 185 MW of wind generation already connected.

2.1 System Load NSPI has a winter peaking system with a large Non-Firm component. The forecast for system "Peak Total" includes Non-Firm load as the system is planned to accommodate both Firm and Non-Firm Load. However, the Non-Firm load h...

AI summary NSPI has a winter peaking system with significant Non-Firm load that can be curtailed by the System Operator. A major industrial customer reduced their interruptible load in 2012 by retiring infrastructure and switching to real-time pricing. Non-Firm load variability is influenced by real-time pricing, and the 2021 coincident peak demand, including DSM effects, is detailed in Table 2.

Coincident Peak Demand - 2017 NSPI Forecast for 2021 Year Peak Total (MW) Non-Firm (MW) Firm (MW) Peak 2193 155 2038 Summer Peak 1477 155 1322 Light Load 696 62 634 Table 2: Coincident Peak Demand

AI summary The table provides data on coincident peak demand for 2021, including total, non-firm, and firm demand in different scenarios such as peak, summer peak, and light load conditions.

Steady State Analysis was carried out using Python scripts within PSS®E software version 33.7. The scripts simulate base case and a wide range of single contingencies, with the output reports summarizing bus voltages or branch flows that e...

AI summary Steady-state simulations using PSS®E version 33.7 were conducted to assess system reliability, including contingencies up to 2021. The analysis incorporated modifications leading to the Maritime Link project's completion in 2021, adhering to NSPI and NPCC design criteria. Contingency testing focused on voltage and flow limits, with details in Section 3.2.2.

2020-2022 DSM IG IR-05 Attachment 1 Page 91 of 158 2018 10 Year System Outlook Report Appendix B Page 17 of 84 BES /BPS Ele men ts Load Flow Continge encies 1N Х L6001 1N, L-6001 - 138kV Х L6503 1N, L-6503 - Х L6513 1N, L-6513 - Х 1N-B61 1...

AI summary The text presents a table detailing elements of the Bulk Electric System (BES) and Bulk Power System (BPS) within the 2018 10 Year System Outlook Report. It includes information on load flow contingencies, stations, breakers, lines, buses, transformers, and other related components.

3.2.3 Steady-State Evaluation The Network Upgrades associated with the Maritime Link are sufficient to permit the existing ERIS designated transmission connected wind farms to operate in a similar manner to NRIS facilities. None of the con...

AI summary The Network Upgrades for the Maritime Link are sufficient to allow ERIS-connected wind farms to operate like NRIS facilities. No contingencies caused thermal or voltage violations, so no additional upgrades are needed once ML facilities are installed.

3.3 Stability Analysis Design criteria require the system to be stable and well damped in all modes of oscillations. The peak values of any mode of oscillation must decay to a value that is 60% less than the original amplitude over any 10...

AI summary The design criteria specify that the system must maintain stability and adequate damping in all oscillation modes, with peak oscillation values decaying to 60% below the original amplitude within any 10-second period.

3.3.1 Stability Base Cases Each of the cases identified in Section 3.2.1 in Table 4 for Steady State analysis were also analysed for stability using contingencies that provide the best measure of system reliability.

AI summary The document discusses the analysis of stability base cases from Section 3.2.1, Table 4, using contingencies to assess system reliability. The focus is on evaluating steady-state cases through stability measures to ensure reliable system performance.

3.3.2 Stability Contingencies The stability analysis included the contingencies listed in Table 6.

AI summary The stability analysis included the contingencies listed in Table 6. However, the specific details of the contingencies are not provided in the text.

2020-2022 DSM IG IR-05 Attachment 1 Page 95 of 158 2018 10 Year System Outlook Report Appendix B Page 21 of 84 , Ele mei nts 2021 Dynamics Conting gencies Station Bkr line Bus Xfmr Var Gen Element Dynamics SPS х 713 88S BBU 88S-713 - Х 720...

AI summary The document presents a technical table outlining elements of the 2018 10 Year System Outlook Report, focusing on power system components such as stations, breakers, lines, buses, transformers, and fault scenarios. It includes details on elements like 88S, 101S, and 1015, along with associated dynamics contingencies and special protection systems (SPS).

2017 NRIS Wind Study Ele mei nts 2021 Dynamics Contingencies Station Bkr line Bus Xfmr Var Gen Element Dynamics SPS х L6507_L6508 DCT L6507][L6508 79N - Dbl Cct х L6534_L7021 DCT L6534][L7021 - TOWERS х L7003_L7004 DCT L7003][L7004 G0 - IO...

AI summary The text presents a table titled 'Table 6: Dynamic Contingencies' from the 2017 NRIS Wind Study. The table lists various power system elements, including lines, transformers, and fault scenarios, along with associated dynamic contingency information.

4.0 Resource Adequacy The analysis of Section 3 of this report indicates that ERIS designated transmission interconnected wind generation facilities may be included with the NRIS facilities in the calculation of Resource Adequacy from a sy...

AI summary The analysis confirms that ERIS wind generation and NRIS facilities can be included in resource adequacy calculations post-Maritime Link upgrades, which removed transmission constraints. NSPI is reviewing two methods to determine ELCC contribution from existing wind resources, as detailed in the 2017 10 Year System Outlook report.

Cumulative frequency Analysis NS Power's Cumulative Frequency Analysis assessment of the ELCC of wind generation provides a second method of quantifying the capacity value of wind on the NS Power system. This technique analyzes a set of hi...

AI summary NS Power uses Cumulative Frequency Analysis (CFA) to assess the Effective Load Carrying Capability (ELCC) of wind generation, estimating it at approximately 8% with 90% confidence. This method focuses on peak demand hours and is used alongside the Loss of Load Expectation (LOLE) methodology. The report highlights that more data is needed to improve accuracy, especially with increasing wind capacity.

2020-2022 DSM IG IR-05 Attachment 1 Page 148 of 158 2018 10 Year System Outlook Report Appendix B Page 74 of 84 El- men +c I Load Flow Conting oncios d Flow Case out. ,,,,,,, penuix D EIE mer 113 4 LOAU FIOW CONTING encies 1 1 7071 rog u F...

AI summary This document contains a table from the 2018 10 Year System Outlook Report, focusing on load flow cases and system contingency studies. It includes details about various stations, breakers, lines, buses, and transformers, as well as load flow statuses for different scenarios.

2020-2022 DSM IG IR-05 Attachment 1 Page 153 of 158 2018 10 Year System Outlook Report Appendix B Page 79 of 84 2016 B DS/ RFS Flai mant 2021 Dynamics Conti ngencies ngencies S ,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, rage 17 2010 B...

AI summary The text presents a table with data from a 2018 10 Year System Outlook Report, including details about various stations, equipment, and system dynamics for different years and scenarios. The table includes information on station components, system performance, and various system outlook scenarios.

Appendix H Stability Results 2021SUM Cases 2018 10 Year System Outlook Report Appendix B Page 84 of 84 2020-2022 DSM IG IR-05 Attachment 1 Page 158 of 158 REDACTED (CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION REMOVED) 2017 NRIS Wind Study

AI summary Appendix H presents stability results for the 2021SUM cases, referencing the 2017 NRIS Wind Study. Key entities include Nova Scotia regulatory bodies and energy programs, with topics focusing on system stability, wind energy integration, and regulatory proceedings.

NON-CONFIDENTIAL 1 Request IR-22: 2 3 E1's Preferred Plan projects a peak demand reduction of 120.1 MW by the end of 2022. 4 This is approximately equivalent to the capacity of one fossil-fueled generating unit. 5 Coupled with potential DE...

AI summary E1's Preferred Plan projects a peak demand reduction of 120.1 MW by 2022, equivalent to one fossil-fueled generating unit. NS Power disagrees, stating that this reduction is already accounted for in their projections and that surplus capacity does not necessarily mean unit retirement is possible or optimal.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 a. To what extent-in both percentage and absolute values-does the incorporation of customer-related costs distort the allocation of benefits an...

AI summary The text outlines several requests for information related to NS Power's evidence, including the incorporation of customer-related costs, avoided marginal costs, and the use of levelized fuel costs. It also references a report by Richard Levitan on the impact of DSM on thermal generation capacity and system reliability, and seeks a reconciliation with findings from a 2018 report on energy efficiency and planning reserve requirements.

26 1 1. INTRODUCTION 2 3 EfficiencyOne developed the 2020-2022 Demand Side Management (DSM) Resource 4 Plan (DSM Resource Plan) to acquire cost-effective energy efficiency and system 5 coincidence peak demand reduction resources that provi...

AI summary EfficiencyOne has developed the 2020-2022 Demand Side Management (DSM) Resource Plan, proposing an investment of $110 million to achieve energy and system-peak demand savings, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and support the energy efficiency industry in Nova Scotia. The plan builds on the success of past programs and highlights the benefits of DSM initiatives over the past decade.