Topic:"Renewable Energy" in M08929

plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) with an 80/20 split in 2030. 21 Figure 10-12. Vehicle Adoption Forecast from VASTTM Source: Navigant analysis Load projections are estimated using a 0.6 kW/vehicle impact value from NSPI’s 2019 Load...

AI summary The document discusses vehicle adoption forecasts using Navigant's VAST model, focusing on plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) with an 80/20 split in 2030. It also outlines demand response (DR) options for curbing winter peak demand, including load curtailment, load shifting, EV charging control, critical peak pricing, and behavioral demand response.

REDACTED (CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION REMOVED) Hydro Asset Study REDACTED 1 3.14 St. Margaret’s Bay Hydroelectric System ................................................................................... 48 2 3.15 Tusket Hydro System ..........

AI summary The document outlines a Hydro Asset Study covering specific hydroelectric systems (St. Margaret’s Bay, Tusket, Wreck Cove) and battery storage, with sections on technical analysis, infrastructure evaluation, and conclusions. The focus is on assessing energy generation assets and storage solutions within Nova Scotia's power infrastructure.

1 TABLE OF FIGURES 2 Figure 1: Location of NS Power Hydro Systems .......................................................................................... 6 3 Figure 2: Summary of forecast sustaining and decommissioning costs of NS Power...

AI summary This table of figures outlines the location, sustaining and decommissioning costs, and system costs for NS Power hydro systems, including Annapolis Tidal, Avon, Bear River, and Black River. It provides forecasts and watershed details for these hydro systems as part of a regulatory proceeding.

1 Figure 42: Sissiboo Hydro System.............................................................................................................. 47 2 Figure 43: St. Margaret’s Bay sustaining forecast ..........................................

AI summary The document lists figures and appendices related to hydro system sustaining/decommissioning forecasts for Sissiboo, St. Margaret’s Bay, Tusket, and Wreck Cove, along with appendices containing reports on hydro planning, decommissioning costs, and wetland permitting. Appendices reference METSCO, Hatch, Yates, and Strum reports.

Yates Annapolis Report - Site Decommissioning Estimate Summary Appendix E Strum Report - Estimation of Wetland Alteration Permitting Costs Appendix F Boreas Report - Hydro Asset Costing Document 14 5 REDACTED (CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION REMO...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power (NS Power) is required to maintain 40% renewable generation by 2020 under Nova Scotia’s Renewable Energy Standards (RES), achieved partly through hydro power producing approximately 1 terawatt-hour annually. The Hydro Asset Study provides inputs for the next Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and Depreciation Study, detailing the status of 17 hydro systems with 31 powerhouses and 50 generating units.

7 REDACTED (CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION REMOVED) Hydro Asset Study REDACTED System Sustaining Decommissioning Annual Generation GWh Paradise $7,130,000 $64,190,000 21 Roseway $4,566,000 Sheet Harbour $33,440,000 $55,460,000 44 Sissiboo $16,29...

AI summary The document outlines sustaining and decommissioning costs for several hydroelectric assets in Nova Scotia, including annual generation data. It also references NS Power's plan to evaluate battery storage technologies in the next Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), citing the 2018 ACE Plan Decision.

city 7.6 MW REDACTED (CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION REMOVED) Hydro Asset Study REDACTED 1 3.2 Bear River Hydro System 2 3 The Bear River hydro system is comprised of two powerhouses, Gulch and Ridge, rated 4 for 11.5 MW total, both built in the...

AI summary The Bear River hydro system, comprising two powerhouses and associated infrastructure, has sustaining capital and operating costs totaling $17.88 million. Decommissioning costs are significantly higher, estimated at $124.55 million, including removal, sedimentation, environmental, and archaeology expenses.

Bear River Hydro System REDACTED (CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION REMOVED) Hydro Asset Study REDACTED 1 3.3 Black River Hydro System 2 3 The Black River hydro system is outside Gaspereau, NS and capable of generating up to 4 21.6 MW. It is a run...

AI summary The Black River hydro system, located outside Gaspereau, NS, consists of multiple powerhouses, reservoirs, and generating units. It has a capacity of 21.6 MW and includes sustaining capital and operating costs totaling $47,350,000.

city 23.0 MW REDACTED (CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION REMOVED) Hydro Asset Study REDACTED 1 3.4 Dickie Brook Hydroelectric System 2 3 The Dickie Brook hydro system, outside of Guysborough, NS, was built in the 1940s and 4 is comprised of one pow...

AI summary The Dickie Brook hydro system, built in the 1940s and located outside of Guysborough, NS, has a total capacity of 3.1 MW. The document provides forecasts for sustaining capital, operating costs, and decommissioning expenses, including environmental and archaeological considerations.

1 3.8 Mersey Hydroelectric System 2 3 The Mersey hydro system is a run of river system, with six powerhouses, 12 units and an 4 installed capacity of 43.6 MW, as shown in Figure 28. Each powerhouse has an adjoining 5 main dam, and several...

AI summary The Mersey hydro system, consisting of six powerhouses with a total installed capacity of 43.6 MW, is described along with its structures and water flow. Operating costs are expected to decrease with redevelopment. Sustaining capital and redevelopment costs are outlined, as well as decommissioning costs including removal, environmental, sedimentation, archaeology, and administrative costs.

Jordan Lake COWIE FALLS Mersey Hydro System 37 REDACTED (CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION REMOVED) Hydro Asset Study REDACTED 1 3.9 Nictaux Hydroelectric System 2 3 The Nictaux Hydro system has a rated capacity of 8.5 MW from one unit. Water from...

AI summary The Nictaux Hydroelectric System has a rated capacity of 8.5 MW and consists of multiple structures, including dams and spillways. The system's sustaining capital and operating costs total $6,240,000, as reported by NS Power.

Flowage m M il e Union S Flowage tr ea m LEGEND: RESERVOIR DAM (EARTH) DAM SPILLWAY POWERHOUSE FISHWAY CONTROL PIPELINE CANAL Marshall Falls DAM (TIMBER/ROCK) Flowage

AI summary The text presents a visual representation of a hydroelectric facility, including features such as a reservoir, dam, spillway, powerhouse, fishway control, pipeline, and canal, with specific reference to Marshall Falls and Flowage.

Tusket Hydro System REDACTED (CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION REMOVED) Hydro Asset Study REDACTED 1 3.16 Wreck Cove Hydroelectric System 2 3 The Wreck Cove hydro system, shown below in Figure 51 has a maximum capacity of 4 215.8 MW, across three...

AI summary The Wreck Cove hydro system has a maximum capacity of 215.8 MW and consists of three units across two powerhouses. The document outlines sustaining capital, LEM, and operating costs totaling $160.12 million, as well as decommissioning costs estimated at $424.94 million, including removal, environmental, sedimentation, archaeology, and AO/AFUDC costs.

1 4.0 BATTERY STORAGE 2 3 In its Decision regarding the 2018 Annual Capital Expenditure plan, the UARB stated as 4 follows: 5 6 The Board appreciates the current limitation and challenges related to 7 battery storage. Given potentially rap...

AI summary The document discusses battery storage challenges and considerations for NS Power in its Integrated Resource Plan, highlighting the importance of assessing battery storage's role in providing firm dispatchable renewable energy and the impact of storage duration on capacity provision.

54 REDACTED (CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION REMOVED) Hydro Asset Study REDACTED 1 study being conducted to evaluate the capacity contribution of wind in preparation for the 2 next IRP. 3 4 The information provided in the Hydro Asset Study, inclu...

AI summary The Hydro Asset Study is being conducted to evaluate the capacity contribution of wind energy in preparation for the next Integrated Resource Plan (IRP). The study will compare the costs of new renewable resources with the costs of maintaining or refurbishing existing hydro assets. The UARB has directed NS Power to complete the IRP by mid-2020 and related analyses by July 31, 2019.

ower’s Renewable Energy Strategy to meet government policy requirements reflecting the public’s desire for cleaner and renewable electricity (40% renewable energy is mandated by 2020). • Reliability – a number of existing hydro assets are...

AI summary NS Power is investing in its hydroelectric infrastructure to meet renewable energy targets, improve reliability, and enhance flexibility for integrating variable energy sources. The Asset Management team is working on long-term capital planning to modernize the aging hydro fleet.

steps was to define the scope of long-term capital needs in relation to the existing infrastructure, to inform its expectations of the financial and human resources underlying the modernization work. NS Power’s AM strategy entails pacing t...

AI summary NS Power's asset management strategy focuses on long-term capital needs for hydro infrastructure, balancing affordability, sustainability, and reliability. The strategy includes modernization, life extension, and redevelopment of hydro assets, in line with legislative requirements and integration of variable generation resources.

with its corporate base in Ontario Canada. Hatch provides consulting engineering and management services to the energy, infrastructure and industrial sectors. In the Energy sector Hatch has a complete compliment of staff that includes prof...

AI summary Hatch Ltd. is a consulting engineering firm based in Ontario, Canada, specializing in hydroelectric facilities and dams. It has extensive experience in planning, designing, constructing, and decommissioning dams, including notable projects such as the Finlayson Dam and Crooks Hollow Dam removals in Ontario.

51.5 622 576,829 MacDonald Pond Power Canal 13.1 1,584 5,034 H357345-00000-200-230-0001, Rev. 0, Page 11 Ver: 04.03 © Hatch 2018 All rights reserved, including all rights relating to the use of this document or its contents. REDACTED (CONF...

AI summary The Bear River Hydroelectric System, built in the 1950s in northwestern Nova Scotia, consists of two power stations, one reservoir, two head ponds, three dams, and a canal. It has a capacity of up to 10 MW of electricity.

measures (e.g., dredging, excavation, disposal) as well as riverbank stabilization and fish habitat restoration measures be properly identified, and the true costs established. 3.3.6 Flood Reduction Removal of the dams would result in chan...

AI summary The removal of dams would alter water levels and river flows, impacting ecological features and habitats. While some areas may return to pre-dam conditions over time, the restoration of natural flow regimes is expected to provide long-term environmental benefits.

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AI summary The document discusses the historical context and evolution of the Nova Scotia Power Inc. (NSPI) hydro asset study, focusing on the analysis of energy generation and management from 1920 to 1980. It outlines the challenges faced in managing energy resources and the implications for future planning.

Ě ĂŶĚ ƌĞŵŽǀĞĚ ďLJ ŽƚŚĞƌƐ͕ ƚŚĂƚ Ăůů ĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂů ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚŝŽŶƐ ĞƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚ ĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJ ƌĞůĂƚĞĚƚŽƚƌĂŶƐŵŝƐƐŝŽŶǁŝůůďĞƌĞŵŽǀĞĚďLJŽƚŚĞƌƐĂŶĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞŶŽŽƵƚƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐĂƐďĞƐƚŽƐ    ϭϲ     REDACTED (CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATI...

AI summary The text discusses a confidential hydro asset study appendix, focusing on the evaluation of hydroelectric assets and their implications for energy generation and management. It includes technical details and analysis related to the assets, though specific content is redacted.

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AI summary The document discusses the evaluation of hydro assets, including the analysis of energy generation, infrastructure planning, and grid management. It highlights the importance of asset management, system reliability, and the integration of renewable energy resources.

   ϰϭ     REDACTED (CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION REMOVED) REDACTED Hydro Asset Study Appendix C Page 48 of 143  EKs^Kd/WKt Z/E͘Ͳ,zZKWZKhd/KE ^/d  KDD/^^/KE/E' ^d/Dd ^hDDZz&KZ^^ dZ d/Z D EdK>/'d/KE^;ZKͿ^d...

AI summary The document discusses the evaluation of a hydro asset study, including considerations related to asset management, energy efficiency, and infrastructure planning. It outlines various factors such as cost recovery, fuel adjustment mechanisms, and the integration of renewable resources into the grid. The analysis includes technical assessments and planning for future energy needs.

ƐƵďƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ͘^ƚŽĐŬƉŝůĞĚĞďƌŝƐĨŽƌĚŝƐƉŽƐĂů͘ x ZĞŵŽǀĞ ďƵƌŝĞĚ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ŽŶͲƐŝƚĞ ƐĞǁĂŐĞ ĚŝƐƉŽƐĂů ƐLJƐƚĞŵ͕ ƐĂŶŝƚĂƌLJ ƉƵŵƉƐ ĂŶĚ ƉŝƉŝŶŐ͕ ĂŶLJ ĨƌĞƐŚǁĂƚĞƌƉŝƉŝŶŐĂŶĚĞƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚ͘    ϲϲ     REDACTED (CONFIDENTIAL I...

AI summary The text discusses the challenges in managing energy resources, particularly focusing on the evaluation of hydro assets and their impact on the energy system. It highlights the need for careful planning and consideration of various factors in energy generation and distribution.

d/Dd ^hDDZz&KZ^^ dZ d/Z D EdK>/'d/KE^;ZKͿ^dhz;LJ^LJƐƚĞŵͿ   x 'ƌĂǀĞůǁŽŽĚƐƌŽĂĚƐŝŶƚŚĞĂƌĞĂƐŚŽƵůĚƌĞŵĂŝŶŝŶƉůĂĐĞƚŽĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚͲƐĞĂƌĐŚƌĞƐĐƵĞĂŶĚĨŝƌĞͲĨŝŐŚƚŝŶŐ ĂĐƚŝǀŝƚŝĞƐ͘ dŚĞďƵůŬŽĨĐŽƐƚƐĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞ...

AI summary The document discusses the impact of regulatory decisions on utility operations, including the challenges posed by delayed rate adjustments and the need for effective management of energy resources and customer programs. It highlights issues related to financial mechanisms and their influence on operational strategies.

ŚŚLJĚƌŽƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŝŽŶ ĂĐƚŝǀŝƚŝĞƐ͘ x ŝƐƉŽƐĂůŽĨĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚŝŽŶĂŶĚĚĞŵŽůŝƚŝŽŶĚĞďƌŝƐʹƚƌƵĐŬƚŽĂĚĞƐŝŐŶĂƚĞĚĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚŝŽŶĚĞďƌŝƐĚŝƐƉŽƐĂůĨĂĐŝůŝƚLJ͘ x ĞůŝǀĞƌŽƌƐĞůůƐƚŽĐŬƉŝůĞĚƐĂůǀĂŐĞŵĂƚĞƌŝĂů͘    ϵϳ     REDACTED (CONFIDENTIAL IN...

AI summary The document discusses the evaluation of a hydro asset study, including considerations related to the management and assessment of hydroelectric resources. It outlines the need for detailed analysis and evaluation of hydro assets as part of broader regulatory and planning processes.

ent above grade interpretive centre were constructed partway along the causeway at what was once known as Hog Island. Commissioned into service in about 1984, the Annapolis Tidal Power Generation Station is made up of a single horizontal l...

AI summary The document discusses the Annapolis Tidal Power Generation Station, a tidal power facility commissioned in 1984, and mentions a study related to the demolition of its powerhouse. The text is part of a larger hydro asset study and includes a confidentiality notice.

POWERHOUSE DEMOLITION STUDY operation as long as the causeway is in place, and will be handed back to the provincial government upon decommissioning of the tidal power generating facility.

AI summary The text discusses the operation of a tidal power generating facility, noting that it will continue to operate as long as the causeway is in place and will be returned to the provincial government upon decommissioning.

work and upgrading of marine fuel offloading facility for Nova Scotia Power Inc.’s 350 MW Tuft’s Cove thermal generation station.  Design of a structural base and installation of a 500-tonne press for HMC Dockyard’s Ship Repair Unit.  As...

AI summary The text outlines various engineering and design projects undertaken by Nova Scotia Power Inc. and other entities, including upgrades to marine fuel offloading facilities, structural assessments, and infrastructure improvements across Nova Scotia.

Road Network Water Features Mapped Stream Mapped Indefinite Stream Mapped Lakes and Rivers Pesaquid Lake NS Power Inc. - Avon Hydro System Engineering Surveying Environmental Bedford Antigonish Moncton Deer Lake

AI summary The text includes a map of a road network, water features, and a hydroelectric system operated by NS Power Inc. It lists locations such as Bedford, Antigonish, Moncton, and Deer Lake, and mentions engineering, surveying, and environmental services.

inite Stream Mapped Lakes and Rivers Me dwa yR ive NS Power Inc. - r Harmony Hydro System Engineering Surveying Environmental Bedford Antigonish Moncton Deer Lake

AI summary The text provides information about a hydro system managed by NS Power Inc., specifically the Harmony Hydro System, and includes details about engineering, surveying, and environmental services offered by the company across various locations in Nova Scotia.

tream Mapped Lakes and Rivers Mclay Falls NS Power Inc. - Flowage Sheet Harbour Hydro System East River Sheet Harbou Gr an tR ive r Engineering Surveying Environmental

AI summary The text includes a map of mapped lakes and rivers, referencing Mclay Falls and the NS Power Inc. - Sheet Harbour Hydro System. It also mentions the East River Sheet Harbour and Gr, an, tR, ive, r, along with engineering, surveying, and environmental aspects.

Stream Mapped Lakes and Rivers ake ndL ra o G NS Power Inc. - bo Si ssi Sissiboo Big Hydro System Deadwater Third Fifth Lake Lake Engineering Surveying Environmental Bedford Antigonish Moncton Deer Lake

AI summary The text presents a map of lakes and rivers in Nova Scotia, including references to the Sissiboo Hydro System and engineering, surveying, and environmental services provided by NS Power Inc. in locations such as Bedford, Antigonish, Moncton, and Deer Lake.

etwork Water Features Mapped Stream Mapped Indefinite Stream Mapped Lakes and Rivers NS Power Inc. - Sissiboo Hydro System Engineering Surveying Environmental Bedford Antigonish Moncton Deer Lake Date: Project #: July 2018 18-6450

AI summary The text includes a map of water features and a project related to the Sissiboo Hydro System by NS Power Inc., with details such as the date and project number.

ned within this Report are an estimate only, and further field reconnaissance would be required before final recommendations regarding archaeological potential within a defined study area can be made. The following document contains archae...

AI summary This section outlines archaeological assumptions used to estimate costs for potential archaeological work during the removal of hydroelectric assets owned by NSPI. It emphasizes that the estimates are preliminary and require further field reconnaissance.

..... 19 15 3.3.4 Steam Fleet Retirement Outlook ......................................................................................... 25 16 4.0 NEW SUPPLY SIDE FACILITIES ..................................................................

AI summary The document outlines sections of a regulatory proceeding, including environmental requirements, resource adequacy, transmission planning, and policy changes. Key topics include renewable energy mandates, emissions regulations, reserve criteria, and upcoming policy adjustments in Nova Scotia's energy sector.

32 8.2.1 Bulk Power System (BPS) .................................................................................................. 53 33 8.2.2 Bulk Electric System (BES) .......................................................................

AI summary The document outlines sections related to bulk power systems, bulk electric systems, transmission planning, and grid modernization from 2019 to 2029. Topics include transmission life extension, project approvals, wind integration studies, and development plans for the Western Valley Transmission System. The conclusion section is also referenced.

2,245 -0.2% 2028 168 2,070 2,239 -0.3% 2029 168 2,060 2,228 -0.5% 8 Forecast value DATE FILED: July 2, 2019 Page 9 of 67 2019 Ten-Year System Outlook NON-CONFIDENTIAL 1 3.0 GENERATION RESOURCES 2 3 3.1 Existing Generation Resources 4 5 Nov...

AI summary Nova Scotia's generation portfolio includes coal, oil, gas, biomass, wind, tidal, and hydro, with NS Power importing power via interties. The Renewable Electricity Standard (RES) has increased variable renewable energy production, but these resources provide less firm capacity than conventional units, which still meet most firm capacity needs.

stations/systems along with their fuel types. It has been updated to include 20 changes and additions to the IPPs and renewables effective up to the filing date of this 21 report. DATE FILED: July 2, 2019 Page 10 of 67 2019 Ten-Year System...

AI summary The document updates information on Independent Power Producers (IPPs) and renewable energy sources up to July 2, 2019, and includes a figure detailing 2019 firm generating capability for NS Power and IPPs.

Page 11 of 67 2019 Ten-Year System Outlook NON-CONFIDENTIAL Winter Net Facility Fuel Type Capacity (MW) Tusket4 Light Fuel Oil 0 Victoria Junction Light Fuel Oil 66 Total Combustion Turbine 198 Pre-2001 Renewables Independent Power Produce...

AI summary The 2019 Ten-Year System Outlook details power generation capacities, including combustion turbines (198 MW), renewables from Independent Power Producers (133.6 MW), and NS Power wind (13.7 MW). Section 3.1.1 addresses Maximum Unit Capacity Rating Adjustments, though specifics are not elaborated.

133.6 Total Capacity 2400 1 2 3.1.1 Maximum Unit Capacity Rating Adjustments 3 As a member of the Maritimes Area of the Northeast Power Coordinating Council 4 (NPCC), NS Power meets the requirement for generator capacity verification as ou...

AI summary NS Power discusses compliance with NPCC and NERC generator capacity verification standards, the rejection and resubmission of the Tusket CT Generator Replacement project, and assumptions about wind project capacity contributions. The UARB previously declined approval, and NS Power seeks reinstatement of the asset's capacity.

hange 195 Projected Over Planning Period Community Feed-in Tariff (Firm capacity) 1 7 DSM Firm Peak Reduction is calculated from the 2019 NS Power 10-Year Energy and Demand Forecast, M09191, Exhibit N-1, Table A-3 and A-4, April 30, 2019....

AI summary The document outlines projected energy resources and retirements from 2019-2028, including biomass (43 MW), Maritime Link imports (153 MW), and assumed retirements (-148 MW), resulting in a net 49 MW increase. It references the 2019 NS Power 10-Year Forecast (Exhibit N-1, Table A-3/A-4) and mentions the Tusket Combustion Turbine as part of the planning period.

hydroelectric 12 production. The Company is preparing a Mersey Redevelopment Project Application for 13 filing with the UARB. 14 15 3.3 Unit Utilization & Investment Strategy 16 17 The following sub-sections provide an updated Unit Utiliza...

AI summary The document outlines NS Power's Mersey Redevelopment Project Application to the UARB and discusses the Unit Utilization & Investment Strategy (UUIS), which includes 10-year projections influenced by regulatory changes, operational experience, and market factors. It emphasizes integration of asset management and generation planning techniques to address evolving energy demands and renewable integration.

ible operation arising from renewables integration, and will continue to 2 be updated annually in the 10-Year System Outlook Report. 3 4 3.3.1 Evolution of the Energy Mix In Nova Scotia 5 NS Power’s energy production mix has undergone sign...

AI summary NS Power's energy mix has shifted toward renewables since the RES, but conventional generation still provides most firm capacity due to intermittency. The 2021 energy mix includes imports and Muskrat Falls hydro, with forecasts showing continued displacement of conventional energy by renewables.

Page 16 of 67 2019 Ten-Year System Outlook NON-CONFIDENTIAL 1 As illustrated in Figure 6 below, NS Power’s firm peak demand has been increasing at a 2 trend of approximately one percent per year. While energy is increasingly being 3 produc...

AI summary NS Power projects a 1% annual increase in firm peak demand, relying on conventional resources and firm imports despite growing renewable energy. The 10-year unit utilization forecast uses the Plexos model, adjusting for changing fuel prices, load forecasts, and system constraints. Steam units provide critical load-following services.

Page 18 of 67 2019 Ten-Year System Outlook NON-CONFIDENTIAL 1 3.3.3 Projections of Unit Sustaining Investment 2 Unit utilization and reliability objectives have long been the drivers for generator 3 investment planning. Traditionally, in a...

AI summary NS Power is updating its generator investment planning to account for variable renewable integration, introducing a utilization factor (UF) that considers capacity factors, operating hours, unit starts, two-shifting, and asset health to better reflect generator value and operational demands.

agreement are under discussion between the Province and the 26 Government of Canada, and NS Power is providing input to that process as required. The 27 potential outcomes of these discussions include a range of unit retention or retiremen...

AI summary NS Power is involved in negotiations regarding the Equivalency Agreement under the Federal Coal-fired Generation of Electricity Regulations. Lingan Unit 2 is planned for retirement once the Nova Scotia Block of energy from Muskrat Falls becomes available, expected in 2020.

Nameplace Capacity Company/Location (MW) IR #426 NRIS Verson of existing 64MW (IR 219, which was ERIS) Biomass N/A IR #516 Tidal in Cumberland County 5.0 IR #517 Tidal in Cumberland County 4.0 IR #540 Wind in Hants County 14.1 IR #542 Tida...

AI summary The document outlines various capacity projects in Nova Scotia, including biomass, tidal, and wind energy initiatives, with total capacities ranging from 4.0 MW to 63.8 MW gross. It also mentions the conversion of an existing ERIS resource to NRIS following system upgrades expected to be completed in 2019.

2019 Ten-Year System Outlook NON-CONFIDENTIAL 1 6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND EMISSIONS REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS 2 3 6.1 Renewable Electricity Requirements 4 5 The Nova Scotia Renewable Electricity Standard (RES) includes a renewable energy 6 requi...

AI summary Nova Scotia has implemented renewable electricity requirements, including the RES and COMFIT programs, with NS Power meeting compliance targets from 2015 to 2018 and expected to meet them in 2019. Amendments in 2016 allowed COMFIT projects to count toward RES compliance and removed the 'must-run' requirement for a biomass facility.

egins on June 1, 2020 and the biomass unit is fully dispatched (290 GWh when 11 Port Hawkesbury Paper (PHP) load is being supplied and 341 GWh when PHP load is 12 not being supplied). DATE FILED: July 2, 2019 Page 32 of 67 2019 Ten-Year Sy...

AI summary The 2019 Ten-Year System Outlook includes a RES 2020 and 2021 Compliance Forecast, showing energy requirements, losses, sales, and RES requirements with and without PHP load. The RES requirement is set at 40% for both years.

ty requirement is determined through a long-term planning exercise such as an 18 IRP, as discussed in Section 7.4. 19 20 7.3 Capacity Contribution of Renewable Resources in Nova Scotia 21 22 Due to their variability, renewable energy resou...

AI summary The document discusses the determination of capacity requirements through long-term planning exercises like the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and the capacity contribution of renewable resources in Nova Scotia. It emphasizes the variability of renewable resources and the use of Effective Load Carrying Capability (ELCC) and Loss of Load Expectation (LOLE) studies for system planning.

1 In its letter dated October 5, 201828 the UARB directed NS Power to complete a number 2 of pre-IRP analyses by July 31, 2019. One of these pre-IRP deliverables is a Capacity 3 Study which will calculate the ELCC of wind and other renewab...

AI summary The UARB directed NS Power to complete a Capacity Study as part of the pre-IRP analyses, which includes calculating the ELCC of wind and other renewable energy generators, evaluating the role of energy storage, and updating system capacity values for future planning. The study will influence future 10-Year System Outlook Reports and long-term resource planning.

Page 44 of 67 2019 Ten-Year System Outlook NON-CONFIDENTIAL 1 operate as though they are NRIS facilities and therefore can contribute to system capacity 2 for the purposes of resource planning at this time without the requirement for addit...

AI summary NS Power has applied a 17% capacity value to existing wind resources in the 2019 Ten-Year System Outlook, considering them as contributing to system capacity without requiring additional upgrades. This approach is new and subject to change as more information becomes available.

1 peak load in the near term. The Company expects to be able to manage through this 2 upcoming winter period, and can also find near-term solutions for access to firm capacity 3 if required. NS Power will continue to monitor potential defi...

AI summary The Company is managing near-term peak load and has not accounted for the return of the Tusket CT’s 33 MW capacity in its forecasts. A medium-term outlook is provided in Figure 22, showing available capacity resources compared to customer demand. The planning reserve margin (PRM) is discussed as a measure of generation capacity relative to the NPCC 20% requirement, though it does not account for all system needs such as wind-following and emissions compliance.

2,100 2,119 2,141 2,160 2,183 2,201 2,214 2,229 2,244 2,255 B DSM Firm31 29 46 63 80 97 115 133 152 173 195 C Firm Peak Less DSM (A - B) 2,070 2,073 2,078 2,080 2,086 2,086 2,081 2,076 2,070 2,060 D Required Reserve (C x 20%) 414 415 416 4...

AI summary The text presents numerical data related to demand-side management (DSM) and capacity planning, including DSM Firm, Firm Peak Less DSM, Required Reserve, and Required Capacity across various time points. It also includes details on existing resources and resource additions such as thermal, biomass, community feed-in-tariff, and maritime link imports.

43 I Community Feed-in-Tariff34 1.0 J Maritime Link Import 153 Total Annual Firm Additions K (G + H + I + J) 44 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total Cumulative Firm Additions (K + L L of the previous year) 44 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 M Total Firm Cap...

AI summary The text presents a table with various metrics related to energy capacity and reserves, including Total Annual Firm Additions, Total Cumulative Firm Additions, Total Firm Capacity, and Reserve Margin percentages. It includes references to Community Feed-in-Tariff and Maritime Link Import, indicating a focus on renewable energy and grid integration.

18% 18% 18% 18% 17% 17% 18% 18% 18% 19% 31 Cumulative estimated Firm Peak reduction based on DSM forecast 32 Includes assumed Lingan 2 retirement once Maritime Link Base Block provides firm capacity service. 33 43 MW from the PH Biomass pl...

AI summary The document discusses NS Power's 2019 Ten-Year System Outlook, focusing on system demand, planning reserve margin, and capacity assessments. It outlines the Firm Peak reduction based on DSM forecasts and mentions the impact of the Maritime Link Base Block and the Community Feed-in-Tariff on system capacity.

“Establish requirements to allow increased levels of wind on the NSPI system. 27 Two threshold criteria to allow increased levels of cost-effective wind resources 28 are completion of a second 345 kV intertie to New Brunswick, and assessme...

AI summary The document outlines requirements for increasing wind energy integration on the NSPI system, including the need for a second 345 kV intertie to New Brunswick and technical improvements. NS Power is conducting a wind integration stability study with Power Systems Consultants, with results expected in mid-2019 as part of the pre-IRP deliverables.

1 10.0 CONCLUSION 2 3 Customers count on NS Power for energy to power every moment of every day, and for solutions 4 to power a sustainable tomorrow. Environmental legislation in Canada and Nova Scotia 5 continues to drive a transformation...

AI summary NS Power is preparing for environmental regulations that will require increased renewable energy use and reduced emissions. The company is forecasting a potential capacity deficit and is participating in an Integrated Resource Planning (IRP) process to address future energy needs, including studies on renewable energy and demand response programs.

elopment Goals Act, which established provincial greenhouse gas emission reduction goals of at least 10% below 1990 levels by 2020; at least 53% below 2005 levels by 2030; and “at net zero” by 2050. A growing consensus of economy-wide stud...

AI summary The text outlines Nova Scotia's greenhouse gas emission reduction targets under the Sustainable Development Goals Act, emphasizing the role of electrification in decarbonization. It highlights the need for the 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) to address renewable energy integration, coal replacement, and grid modernization to meet climate commitments while ensuring system reliability.

d units, and how we can leverage new and existing technologies to preserve or enhance reliability and modernize the electricity system to create a smarter, more resilient grid on a least-cost basis. While policy continues to direct decarbo...

AI summary The document discusses the need for Integrated Resource Planning (IRP) to modernize the electricity grid using renewable energy, battery storage, and distributed energy resources (DERs). It emphasizes evaluating transmission system capabilities, addressing DER operational challenges, and leveraging technological advancements to achieve a reliable, low-cost grid.

capabilities and limitations, and how new transmission investments 1 and potential regional interconnections can enable further integration of renewable resources and complement a resource portfolio. In 2018, the Federal Government amended...

AI summary NS Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) addresses renewable integration, coal plant phase-out timelines, and evaluation criteria for resource portfolios. The Federal Government's 2018 regulations mandate coal closure by 2029, but Nova Scotia seeks an equivalency agreement to allow limited coal operation until 2040. The IRP will prioritize affordability, GHG reductions, and reliability, with E3 as the lead consultant.

5 IRP Terms of Reference Consultation Appendix A Page 7 of 12 Developing An Electricity Strategy for the Future The IRP process will seek to identify the least-cost, least-risk portfolio. Traditionally, the primary decision criterion used...

AI summary NS Power's Integrated Resource Planning (IRP) process aims to identify the least-cost, least-risk electricity portfolio over 25 years, using cumulative revenue requirement minimization as the primary metric while also evaluating reliability, emissions reduction, and plan robustness. Key considerations include rate impacts, grid stability, and decarbonization alignment.

ecific treatment of modeling inputs, including supply-side and demand-side resources and transmission investment. Deliverables: Draft & Final Analysis Plan Develop Input Assumptions The Input Assumptions will provide base cases and, where...

AI summary The text outlines the development of input assumptions for modeling supply-side and demand-side resources, transmission investment, and financial factors. Key areas include load forecasts reconciled with energy efficiency, demand response, solar resources, and electrification impacts, alongside new supply-side options, environmental constraints, and financial assumptions.

language about modelling efforts to explore a complete coal phase-out by 2030, and other dates where economic. E1 Scenarios The TOR should indicate that all This is covered as part of the Process & modeled scenarios will comply with Delive...

AI summary The text discusses modeling scenarios for a coal phase-out by 2030 and ensuring compliance with regulations as part of the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Terms of Reference. NS Power agrees to include a scenario where Canada eliminates CO2 emissions.

Page 14 of 14 IRP Terms of Reference Consultation Appendix C Page 1 of 2 From: Mason Baker Sent: Monday, December 9, 2019 1:20 PM To: Musgrave, Lindsay Cc: Rory Cantwell ; Jason Parisé Subject: RE: 2020 IRP - Draft Terms of Reference This...

AI summary Mason Baker inquires about how NSPI and the UARB plan to adjust legislation for an energy offtake deal outside the Renewable to Retail market, given a potential federal RFP for renewable energy generation in Montreal. He also asks if a special program is being considered to allow the federal government to purchase energy at a fixed PPA price.

Nicole Godbout Director, Regulatory Affairs Nova Scotia Power Inc. 1223 Lower Water Street PO Box 910 Halifax, NS B3J 2W5 Via email: [email protected] And Crystal Henwood Administrative Assistant to Doreen Friis, Regulatory Affairs...

AI summary Envigour Policy Consulting Inc., representing QUEST and Marine Renewables Canada, requests greater detail on technology price uncertainty in Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan. They emphasize the need for models to determine economic thresholds for renewable energy and distributed resources over a 25-year planning horizon.

implicit in the exercise of creating “signposts”, but we believe it would be helpful in making it explicit. Such clarity is particularly important given the lengthy time frame of the Plan – 25 years. …2 We would also note that by explicitl...

AI summary The text advocates for explicitly modeling energy resources at economic prices in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) to better assess their systemic value, including capacity from offshore wind, predictability from tidal, scalability from solar PV, and flexibility from storage and demand management. The analysis emphasizes clarity over a 25-year planning horizon.

ting units). These portfolios will be evaluated for operational feasibility using appropriate electricity system modeling tools, and iterative analysis will be conducted as required. Natural Forces’ comment recognizes and reflects that giv...

AI summary The document discusses the evaluation of portfolios using electricity system modeling tools within the IRP process. Natural Forces emphasizes the need for broader criteria in dynamic energy environments, while NS Power prioritizes minimizing long-term cumulative revenue requirement. Envigour suggests incorporating uncertainty around technology price declines in resource plans.

ted Parties Workshop Study, Introduction to Stability Study for Renewables Integration Submission of 8-Aug AREA General Questions Submission of 8-Aug Envigour General Questions Submission of Renewable Power Cost source information for 21-A...

AI summary Various parties, including AREA, Envigour, and EfficiencyOne, submitted questions and participated in workshops and one-on-one meetings related to the Stability Study for Renewables Integration. The study's results were discussed in a workshop attended by all interested parties in the Integrated Resource Plan.

constraints. The Analysis Plan may also identify other metrics for consideration in evaluating the optimal path forward that will be considered during the Modeling and/or Analysis/Conclusions Phases. Many of the remaining assumptions which...

AI summary The document outlines the development of an Analysis Plan for the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), which includes modeling approaches, assumptions, and metrics for evaluating demand and supply-side resources. It also mentions a Capacity Study conducted by NS Power's consultant, Energy and Environmental Economics Inc (E3), focusing on statistical loss of load expectation (LOLE) studies to establish key assumptions for the IRP.

e the capacity requirements in the IRP modeling: 1) the planning reserve margin (PRM), and 2) the capacity contribution of renewable resources, also known as Effective Load Carrying Capability (ELCC). Key findings of this study include: x...

AI summary The document discusses capacity requirements in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) modeling, focusing on the planning reserve margin (PRM) and the effective load carrying capability (ELCC) of renewable resources. It outlines the range of PRM required for the NS Power system and explains the impact of variable renewable resources on capacity value.

take into account other factors such as access to economic energy, contribution to emissions reduction, and essential grid services (e.g. inertia, ramping, voltage support, frequency response, etc.). These other benefits will often outweig...

AI summary The text discusses the importance of considering factors beyond economic optimization when determining system capacity, such as emissions reduction and grid services. It highlights that excess capacity may be necessary for grid reliability and mentions the need to refine PRM calculations in the IRP based on resource mix changes.

g likely resource mix, NS Power will be able to establish a PRM value and/or methodology to use for system design for the coming years at the conclusion of the IRP. 3.2.2 Capacity Value of Renewables NS Power recognizes a key issue for con...

AI summary NS Power acknowledges the challenge of replacing firm capacity and grid services provided by coal units in Nova Scotia, particularly due to limited interconnection, lack of natural gas, and the mismatch between solar generation and winter peak demand. The Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) will address these issues and establish a PRM value or methodology for system design.

12 of 487 with renewables have limitations due to the long duration requirements the storage would need to provide in order to ensure load would be served during the entire timeframe of the peak. In order to ensure the peak demands of the...

AI summary The text discusses the limitations of renewable energy with storage due to long duration requirements and emphasizes the importance of quantifying the contribution of each resource, particularly through the Effective Load Carrying Capability (ELCC) and Loss of Load Expectation (LOLE) methodologies. These methods help determine the guaranteed capacity of renewable resources to ensure reliable system operation during peak demand periods.

al method for calculating the capacity value or ELCC of renewables. The results of these ELCC calculations are included in the Capacity Study (Attachment 17). 3.3 Supply Options Study (Attachment 18) In the Supply Options Study, E3 has con...

AI summary The document discusses the method for calculating the capacity value or ELCC of renewables, and the Supply Options Study conducted by E3, which includes cost estimates for new bulk grid supply options and projections from NS Power for existing units. It also highlights the need to consider essential grid services in the IRP Modeling phase due to the increasing availability of renewable energy.

13 IRP Update Appendix 1 Page 14 of 487 Our focus for the IRP process will be to ensure we capture the bounds of all plausible outlooks on how much it may cost to retain the existing fleet, by establishing a reasonable “base case” for sust...

AI summary The focus of the IRP process is to evaluate the costs of retaining the existing fleet, including establishing a base case and a high sensitivity case for sustaining capital investment. The document also mentions the evaluation of potential coal unit retirements and the importance of stability studies for renewables integration.

will propose draft values for a “high” sensitivity case in the Assumptions Development phase and welcomes feedback on these assumptions. 3.4 Stability Study for Renewables Integration (Attachment 19) NS Power engaged a third-party expert,...

AI summary NS Power conducted a stability study to assess the integration of renewable energy, confirming that current wind capacity is manageable and identifying requirements for increasing wind/solar capacity. The study supports the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and outlines integration costs for future renewable scenarios.

ng capital costs incurred a range of 6.5% to 10.4% of total NPVRR costs in our main scenarios. It is critical to continue to assess the pattern of these costs and project future costs. 5. Establish requirements to allow increased levels of...

AI summary The text discusses the need to assess capital costs related to wind integration, establish requirements for increased wind on the NSPI system, and enhance coordination among Maritime Provinces for reliability. It also mentions the importance of evaluating technical improvements and the role of battery storage in supporting system stability.

pacity and unit commitment requirements needed in association with the Tufts Cove thermal units, to allow appropriate parameterization in Plexos to enable possible economic retirement. 8. Identify candidates for the “next” coal retirement...

AI summary The text outlines several considerations for capacity and unit commitment requirements related to Tufts Cove thermal units, identifies candidates for coal retirement after Lingan 2, and emphasizes the need to monitor natural gas trends in the Maritimes. It also references the Bates White fuel audit report for inclusion in the first phase of the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) process.

l gas price and availability trends in the Maritimes. In addition, the following items noted in the Bates White fuel audit report likely should be addressed during the first phase of the IRP process: • Continue to evaluate new and existing...

AI summary The document outlines key considerations for the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) process, including evaluating wind resources, assessing coal unit replacement economics, analyzing capital investments at Trenton 6 and Point Tupper, and determining planning reserve margins. The Nova Scotia Utility and Review Board (NSUARB) directs NS Power to complete the IRP by mid-2020, with pre-IRP analyses to be completed by July 31, 2019.

ficer/Clerk Nova Scotia Utility and Review Board 1601 Lower Water Street, 3rd Floor P.O. Box 1692, Unit “M” Halifax, NS B3J 3S3 Re: NS Power 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) – Pre-IRP Workshops In its letter dated October 5, 2018, the B...

AI summary The Nova Scotia Utility and Review Board directed NS Power to complete an Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) by mid-2020, including pre-IRP analyses. These analyses involve studies on loss of load expectation, resource options assumptions, demand response resource assumptions, and transmission requirements for increased renewables.

» E3 consults extensively for utilities, developers, government agencies 2 DELIVERABLES and environmental groups on clean energy issues: • United Nations Deep Decarbonization Pathways Project • Planning for California’s climate and renewab...

AI summary E3 and PSC are engaged by NS Power for clean energy and transmission planning. E3 has worked on global clean energy projects, while PSC specializes in power system studies. NS Power is conducting a capacity study to assess reserve margins and storage requirements.

2 DELIVERABLES DELIVERABLE TYPE: Report STATUS: ON TRACK 2. Supply Options Study DESCRIPTION: Consultant study which estimates the initial and sustaining costs and performance of new bulk grid supply options and future trends. NSP study of...

AI summary The document outlines deliverables related to a Supply Options Study, Demand Response Assumptions, and a Renewables Stability Study as part of the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) process. These deliverables include reports and modeling assumptions aimed at assessing grid supply options, demand response impacts, and transmission requirements for increased renewable energy integration.

& Capacity Study 4. Monitor, track and project sustaining capital costs for the thermal fleet. Supply Options Study 5. Establish requirements to allow increased levels of wind on NSPI system. … NSPI should Renewables Stability Synapse dete...

AI summary The text outlines a series of actions related to capacity studies, renewable energy integration, and regional collaboration. Key points include monitoring sustaining capital costs for thermal fleets, increasing wind energy on the NSPI system, and exploring coal retirement alternatives after Lingan 2.

s ¬ E3 focuses on all segments of the electricity sector and their interconnectedness with the rest of the energy economy in order to provide holistic analysis and recommendations for our clients E3 has five defined DERs & Rates Clean Ener...

AI summary E3 provides holistic analysis and recommendations across the electricity sector, focusing on distributed energy resources, rate design, and clean energy technologies. They work through five working groups to foster innovation and cross-fertilization of best practices.

8 Attachment 4 - Pre-IRP Declining Prices of Renewables andDeliverables Page 9 of 34 Energy Storage Levelized Wind PPA Prices by PPA Execution Date ¬ Declining prices of clean energy technologies such as wind, solar, and energy storage is...

AI summary The text discusses the declining prices of renewable energy technologies, such as wind and solar, and the impact of these trends on renewable energy policies and targets. It references data from reports on wind PPA prices, utility-scale PV system costs, and lithium-ion battery prices.

9 Attachment 4 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 10 of 34 High-Volume Renewable Targets ¬ Many states are pushing beyond existing RPS policies and goals into “high-volume” targets of 50%- 100% ¬ 100% clean electricity targets • California • New...

AI summary The text discusses high-volume renewable energy targets, such as 50%-100% clean electricity goals in states like California, New Mexico, and Washington, as well as the role of electrification in economy-wide decarbonization efforts. It notes that electricity demand is expected to grow despite energy efficiency measures.

Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 12 of 34 Distributed Energy Resources ¬ DERs are technologies located close to customer load or on the customer side of the electricity meter i.e. behind-the-meter Solar Smart PV Thermostats … and more Battery Ele...

AI summary The text discusses distributed energy resources (DERs), their growing popularity due to technological advancements and declining costs, and their potential role in grid flexibility and renewable energy integration. Examples include smart thermostats, electric vehicles, and energy-efficient appliances.

the years experience a peak load higher than this and half lower) ¬ PRMs vary by utility but typically range from MW 12%-20+% depending on system characteristics PRM • Larger systems with more load and resource diversity Traditional can ge...

AI summary The text discusses Planning Reserve Margin (PRM) and its variation across different utility systems, noting that larger systems can maintain lower PRMs while islanded systems require higher PRMs. It also mentions the contribution of renewable and storage resources to PRM in the context of an Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) update.

20 Attachment 4 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 21 of 34 Renewable/Storage Contribution to PRM ¬ In systems with high penetrations of renewable energy and storage, utilities must still maintain acceptable reliability through a planning reserve...

AI summary This text discusses the importance of renewable energy and storage in contributing to the planning reserve margin (PRM) through effective load carrying capability (ELCC). ELCC measures how much of a perfect capacity can be replaced by renewables or storage while maintaining system reliability. Calculating ELCC requires complex models that account for the correlation and probability of production between load and renewables.

Wind Solar Storage IRP Update Appendix 1 Page 53 of 487 21 Attachment Diminishing Marginal ELCC and 4 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 22 of 34 Diversity Benefits of Renewables/Storage ¬ The ELCC of renewables or storage depends on the other re...

AI summary This text discusses the concept of diminishing marginal ELCC (Effective Load Carrying Capability) and diversity benefits of renewable and storage resources. It highlights that the ELCC of renewables or storage depends on the other resources on the system and illustrates this with the diminishing marginal peak load impact of solar PV. It also notes that diversity benefits between resources can lead to a total contribution greater than the sum of individual contributions.

of 487 25 Attachment 4 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 26 of 34 NSPI System Overview and Coming Challenges IRP Update Appendix 1 Page 58 of 487 Attachment 4 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 27 of 34 Overview of Nova Scotia System 500,000 customers...

AI summary This section provides an overview of Nova Scotia's energy system, including customer numbers, annual load, peak load, revenue requirement, retail rate, and generation mix. It highlights the growth in wind and gas generation, the decline in coal, and the resulting reduction in GHG emissions.

4 GHG Emissions in Nova Scotia Growth in renewables and gas generation has led to a decline in coal generation, resulting in lower emissions 2017 emissions 6.7 MMT CO2e IRP Update Appendix 1 Page 61 of 487 29 Attachment 4 - Pre-IRP Deliver...

AI summary The text discusses the reduction in GHG emissions in Nova Scotia due to increased use of renewables and gas generation, leading to a decline in coal generation. It also references an appendix and attachment related to load and resources in the context of an IRP update.

29 Attachment 4 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 30 of 34 NSPI Load and Resources Load NSPI 10-Yr Outlook Firm Peak Load Net of DSM (MW) 2016 Target Reliability Standard 0.1 days/year Target PRM 20% Total Requirement (MW) 2,419 Resources Namepl...

AI summary This document provides a 10-year outlook on load and resources for NSPI, including firm peak load net of DSM, target reliability standard, and total requirement. It details various energy resources and their capacities, including coal, oil, natural gas, biomass, hydro, wind, solar, and imports.

3,179 2,499 IRP Update Appendix 1 Page 62 of 487 30 Attachment 4 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 31 of 34 Key Nova Scotia Challenges Portfolio Optimization Firm Capacity Determining the optimal Maintaining portfolio of renewable, Renewab adequ...

AI summary The document outlines key challenges in Nova Scotia's energy sector, focusing on portfolio optimization and maintaining firm capacity. It highlights the need to balance renewable, hydro, storage, thermal, and demand-side resources while addressing limitations and potential coal retirements.

limitations of non- cost portfolio reflects this Demand- Thermal thermal resources Side Firm Fuel Renewable Integration Ensuring firm fuel for Given the limited electric new thermal resources interconnections with natural gas neighboring j...

AI summary The text discusses challenges related to ensuring firm fuel for new thermal resources in Nova Scotia, particularly due to limited natural gas pipeline capacity and the need to maintain grid stability with higher renewable energy penetration. It also includes contact information for Energy and Environmental Economics, Inc. (E3).

changes will be part of further discussion through development of the TOR and Analysis plan. Analysis Plan For example: Assumptions • Should IRP objectives move beyond “least cost NPV Revenue Modeling Requirement”? • How do we consider dec...

AI summary The text discusses the development of an Analysis Plan and TOR for an Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), focusing on assumptions related to IRP objectives, decarbonization, and uncertainty. It also mentions essential grid and reliability services, particularly in the context of high renewable energy penetration.

9 ESSENTIAL GRID/ RELIABILITY SERVICES Essential Grid/Reliability Service Of particular importance in modeling scenarios with high penetration of renewables Resource Type Energy Firm Capacity Operating Reserves Inertia Frequency Response R...

AI summary The text emphasizes the importance of modeling scenarios with high renewable energy penetration and significant thermal generation retirements, focusing on the provision of essential grid/reliability services and their associated costs.

generation retirements is the provision of essential Combustion Turbine grid/reliability services (and the Hydro associated costs of obtaining them). Wind Solar NS Power will work with stakeholders through the Battery Storage Assumptions D...

AI summary The document discusses the importance of grid and reliability services, including combustion turbines, hydro, wind, solar, battery storage, and demand response, in maintaining a stable and reliable grid. NS Power plans to collaborate with stakeholders to understand the opportunities and challenges associated with these services.

IRP Update Appendix 1 Page 75 of 487 Attachment 5 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 10 of 89 CAPACITY STUDY: OVERVIEW & DISCUSSION IRP Update Appendix 1 Page 76 of 487 Attachment 5 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 11 of 89 Overview of PRM Study Nova...

AI summary This document outlines the objectives of the Planning Reserve Margin (PRM) study conducted by Nova Scotia Power Inc. (NSPI) as part of the integrated resource planning (IRP) process. The study involves updating assumptions, reviewing industry best practices, and analyzing the Effective Load Carrying Capability (ELCC) of various resources like wind, solar, storage, and demand response.

12 Attachment 5 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 14 of 89 Renewable/Storage Contribution to PRM ¬ In systems with high penetrations of renewable energy and storage, utilities must still maintain acceptable reliability through a planning reserve...

AI summary The text discusses the importance of renewable energy and storage in contributing to the planning reserve margin (PRM) through effective load carrying capability (ELCC). ELCC measures how much renewable or storage capacity can replace firm capacity while maintaining system reliability, with calculations requiring complex models.

Wind Solar Storage IRP Update Appendix 1 Page 80 of 487 13 Attachment Diminishing Marginal ELCC and 5 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 15 of 89 Diversity Benefits of Renewables/Storage ¬ The ELCC of renewables or storage depends on the other re...

AI summary The text discusses the concept of diminishing marginal ELCC (Effective Load Carrying Capability) and diversity benefits of renewable and storage resources. It highlights how the ELCC of renewables or storage depends on the other resources on the system and illustrates the diminishing marginal peak load impact of solar PV. It also notes that diversity benefits between resources can result in a portfolio's total contribution being more than the sum of individual parts.

17 Attachment 5 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 19 of 89 RECAP Model Overview & Assumptions IRP Update Appendix 1 Page 85 of 487 Attachment 5 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 20 of 89 E3 Renewable Energy Capacity Planning Model (RECAP) ¬ RECAP is a...

AI summary The document introduces the RECAP model, a loss-of-load-probability (LOLP) model used for evaluating power system reliability in high renewable energy penetration scenarios. It was initially developed for the California ISO over a decade ago and has been adopted by various utilities and regulators across North America, including Nova Scotia Power.

19 RECAP: E3’s Renewable Energy Deliverables Page 21 of 89 Attachment 5 - Pre-IRPCapacity Planning Model ¬ RECAP is a loss-of-load probability (LOLP) model used to test the resource sufficiency of electricity system portfolios • This study...

AI summary The RECAP model is a loss-of-load probability (LOLP) model used to assess the sufficiency of electricity system portfolios. It uses a 1-day-in-10-year standard (0.1 days/yr LOLE) to determine the target PRM. The methodology involves calculating hourly load, renewable profiles, available dispatchable generation, hydro dispatch, transmission availability, storage dispatch, demand response, and loss of load.

22 Attachment 5 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 24 of 89 Dispatchable Resources in 2020 ¬ E3 used the net operating capacity (MW) and DAFOR (%) to stochastically represent the dispatchable generating capability of these resources in the RECAP...

AI summary The text discusses the dispatchable resources in 2020, including their net operating capacity and DAFOR percentages, as modeled by E3 in the RECAP model. It lists various units and their respective capacities and DAFOR values, categorized by fuel/tech type such as HFO/N Gas and Coal/Petcoke.

tal 2,994 2,215 IRP Update Appendix 1 Page 99 of 487 32 Attachment 5 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 34 of 89 ELCC of Wind and Solar ¬ Both wind and solar exhibit declining ELCC as penetrations increase – a phenomenon seen across all geographi...

AI summary This text discusses the Effective Load Carrying Capability (ELCC) of various energy resources, including wind, solar, energy storage, and demand response. It highlights that ELCC decreases as penetration increases and notes that portfolio diversity can enhance overall ELCC.

it that must be allocated between the resources IRP Update Appendix 1 Page 102 of 487 35 Attachment 5 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 37 of 89 Diversity Benefit of Solar + Storage ¬ Stand-alone solar provides negligible capacity value to the s...

AI summary The text discusses the diversity benefits of combining solar and storage, noting that standalone solar has limited capacity value due to mismatch with evening winter peak load, while solar and storage together provide significant benefits. It also mentions that wind and storage provide a smaller diversity benefit due to potential low wind generation periods depleting storage.

37 Attachment 5 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 39 of 89 Conclusions ¬ NSPI requires a 17.8% - 21.0% PRM to maintain a 0.1 days/yr loss of load expectation (LOLE) target • Dependent upon the specific portfolio ¬ Dispatch-limited resources such...

AI summary The text discusses the need for a 17.8% - 21.0% PRM (Planning Reserve Margin) to maintain a 0.1 days/yr loss of load expectation (LOLE) target, highlighting the diminishing returns of dispatch-limited resources like wind, solar, and demand response in contributing to ELCC (Effective Load Carrying Capability). It also notes the variability in reliability metrics and the limitations of using LOLE as a sole measure of system reliability.

l and high-renewable systems with equivalent LOLE, the high-renewable systems tend to have more severe (higher magnitude) events • This is due to variability in renewable resource availability ¬ While LOLE is the most common reliability me...

AI summary The text discusses the reliability of high-renewable energy systems, noting that while they have equivalent LOLE metrics, they tend to have more severe reliability events due to variability in renewable resource availability. It also mentions the use of the RECAP model to evaluate resource adequacy through time-sequential simulations, calculating metrics like LOLP and LOLE.

usands of • LOLP: Loss of Load Probability years of plausible load, renewable, hydro, • LOLE: Loss of Load Expectation and stochastic forced outage conditions • EUE: Expected Unserved Energy • ELCC: Effective Load-Carrying • Captures therm...

AI summary The text describes a model used for capacity planning, including metrics like LOLE, LOLP, EUE, and ELCC, which evaluate system reliability and renewable resource capacity. It also references the E3 RECAP model and an IRP Update Appendix.

2017 Jan Sep ¬ Renewable generation is uncertain, but its output is correlated with many factors • Season – Eliminate all days in historical renewable production data not within +/- 15 calendar days of day trying to predict • Load – High l...

AI summary The text discusses methods for improving the accuracy of renewable energy generation forecasts by considering factors such as season, load, and previous day's generation. It outlines steps for filtering historical data and calculating differences to better predict renewable output.

Large generator recovery Large generator failure Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 IRP Update Appendix 1 Page 114 of 487 47 Attachment 5 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 49 of 89 Wind and Solar ELCC Wind Capacity (MW) ELCC (MW) Average ELCC Marginal...

AI summary The text presents data on the Effective Load Carrying Capability (ELCC) for wind and solar capacity, showing how ELCC increases with additional capacity but at a decreasing rate. This information is part of an appendix in a document related to the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) update.

112 22% 0% IRP Update Appendix 1 Page 119 of 487 52 Attachment 5 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 54 of 89 Solar + Storage ELCC Solar Capacity (MW) Storage Capacity (MW) Solar Standalone 4-hr Storage Solar + Storage ELCC Diversity Benefit (MW)...

AI summary The text presents a table showing the relationship between solar and storage capacity and their respective ELCC (Effective Load Carrying Capability) values, including diversity benefits. As solar and storage capacities increase, their ELCC values and diversity benefits also increase.

214 298 84 900 900 0.1 227 319 92 1,000 1,000 0.1 240 340 100 IRP Update Appendix 1 Page 120 of 487 53 Attachment 5 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 55 of 89 Wind + Storage ELCC Wind Capacity (MW) Storage Capacity (MW) Wind Standalone ELCC 4-hr...

AI summary The text presents a table comparing the Effective Load Carrying Capability (ELCC) of wind and storage systems. It shows how adding storage increases the ELCC and provides diversity benefits, indicating the value of integrating storage with wind capacity.

▪ Operating reserves are included IRP Update Appendix 1 Page 127 of 487 60 Attachment 5 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 62 of 89 PJM Reliability Metric(s) and Standard Reserve Margin Accounting – Resource ▪ LOLE: 0.1 events/year ▪ Dispatchable...

AI summary The text discusses reserve margin accounting and reliability metrics used by PJM and CAISO, including LOLE, IRM, and PRISM. It outlines how dispatchable units and renewable ICAP are calculated, as well as the use of probabilistic reliability models.

61 Attachment 5 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 63 of 89 CAISO Reliability Metric(s) and Standard Reserve Margin Accounting – Resource ▪ No explicit reliability standard ▪ Monthly Net Qualifying Capacity (NQC) to calculate total available capa...

AI summary The document outlines reliability metrics and reserve margin accounting practices for CAISO and AESO. CAISO uses the Resource Adequacy (RA) program with a 15% Planning Reserve Margin (PRM) and calculates renewable energy capacity using the SERVM model and RECAP. AESO has a reliability standard of 800 MWh/year Expected Unserved Energy (EUE) but does not specify reserve margin accounting for resources.

OVERVIEW & DISCUSSION IRP Update Appendix 1 Page 141 of 487 Attachment 5 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 76 of 89 {E3 SLIDES (AT TACHMENT 18)} IRP Update Appendix 1 Page 142 of 487 Attachment 5 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 77 of 89 RENEWABLES S...

AI summary The document discusses a System Stability Study for Renewables Integration (SSRI) conducted by Power System Consultants (PSC) on behalf of NS Power to assess the impact of additional renewable energy integration on the power system.

dy for Renewables Integration (SSRI) Power System Consultants (PSC) were contracted by NS Power to complete a System Stability Study associated with additional levels of Renewable Energy Integration. The primary objective, to assess the in...

AI summary Power System Consultants (PSC) were contracted by NS Power to conduct a System Stability Study for Renewables Integration (SSRI), aiming to assess the integration of increased renewable generation levels in Nova Scotia. The study evaluated the system's capacity to handle up to 600MW of inverter-based generation, explored the impact of adding a second 345kv transmission tie to New Brunswick, and considered alternative system upgrades like synchronous generators and large-scale batteries.

ick in service • Calculate short circuit ratios • Assess potential renewable enabling solutions using large scale batteries and synchronous generators PSC’s international experience with South Australia and Ireland was reviewed for ANALYSI...

AI summary The text discusses lessons learned from South Australia's experience with renewable energy integration, including challenges with low system inertia and a major blackout in 2016 caused by transmission interconnector interruptions during an extreme weather event. It highlights the importance of assessing renewable enabling solutions and calculating regulation reserves using historical wind generation profiles.

rators caused by transmission interconnector interruptions during an extreme weather event • 850,000 customers lost supply; 90% restored in 8 hours, remainder within approximately 2 weeks Load shedding is used in both the South Australia a...

AI summary The document discusses system stability in Nova Scotia with varying levels of renewable generation, noting that 600MW of inverter-based renewable generation can be accommodated if three thermal units are maintained. Up to 1000MW may be installed with a second tie to New Brunswick. The loss of this tie is identified as the most significant contingency affecting system stability.

Scenario Development Study Demand Response Analysis Plan Assumptions Stability Study for Assumptions Renewables Integration Modeling E1 Potential Study Analysis/Conclusions Report IRP Update Appendix 1 Page 158 of 487 Attachment 6 - Pre-IR...

AI summary The document outlines the integration of a stability study for renewables into the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP). NSP and consultants are developing a methodology to estimate integration costs of additional wind based on stability issues and potential solutions. This includes defining specific increments of wind capacity beyond 1000 MW and associated interconnection requirements for stakeholder review.

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AI summary The text outlines questions related to the impact of the Maritime Link on renewable integration, existing assets, and demand response. It focuses on modeling, transmission availability, and the effects of additional infrastructure on system operations.

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AI summary EfficiencyOne has raised several questions regarding the assumptions and methodologies used in the RECAP model by NS Power, including DR dispatch, solar profiles, transmission constraints, and effective capacity definitions, as part of the 2019 IRP prework.

th nameplate capacity (Slide 21). Effective capacity changes on slide 23. Please explain. How does RECAP account for the need to “recharge” energy storage capacity and potential loss of availability? Based on changes to weather patterns in...

AI summary The text includes questions about the RECAP model's assumptions, ELCC calculations, PRM and LOLE targets in the IRP, and the potential impact of new federal clean fuel standards on IRP modelling. These questions focus on technical aspects of energy planning and regulatory considerations.

tions be considered for the IRP modelling, assuming there are impacts to NS Power? (although not enacted, NSP should consider the impact of the regulations as drafted to its overall IRP sensitivities) Why is demand response not considered...

AI summary The text raises questions about the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) modelling, demand response viability, renewable integration, and assumptions in DR and EV programs. It also inquires about the consideration of curtailment and Remedial Action Schemes in the Renewable Stability Study and the assumptions used for DSM and program costs.

epresenting E1, Draft questions for NSP re IRP prework by E3 and PSC Capacity Study What process did E3 undertake to determine whether temperature was a significant driver of renewable production? What information can E3 provide about the...

AI summary The text includes questions related to the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) process, focusing on factors influencing renewable energy production, loss of load events, and cost considerations for wind energy. It also asks about modeling assumptions and data used in the Capacity Study and Supply Options Study.

d capex numbers being relatively constant over the past ~ 8 years (~$2 million CAD) while PPA prices in cost per kwh in Nova Scotia have declined by a third to nearly 2/3 over the same period of time. [as reference for prices 8 years ago s...

AI summary The text discusses the stability of capital expenditures (~$2 million CAD over 8 years) and the decline in PPA prices in Nova Scotia (~33% reduction). It also asks about the implications of the Maritime Link for integrating wind energy and balancing the grid, and the role of non-utility distributed energy resources.

 
 
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AI summary The text discusses the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and related deliverables, including the need for accurate forecasting and the importance of stakeholder engagement in the planning process. It highlights the role of the Nova Scotia Power Inc. (NSPI) in delivering the IRP and the significance of incorporating demand-side management and renewable energy resources into the plan.

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AI summary The E3 study provides estimates of Electric Load Carrying Capacity (ELCC) for wind, solar, energy storage, and combinations of wind+storage and solar+storage. It is unclear whether these would correspond to five resource addition options in the IRP modeling or three options—wind, solar, and storage. The study also provides ELCC estimates for demand response (DR) resources, and a separate study by Efficiency One estimates volumes of achievable DR and energy efficiency potential. Bates White requests more detailed cost estimates for each new technology presented in the study.

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AI summary The document discusses the need for Nova Scotia Power Inc. (NSPI) to evaluate the potential of energy efficiency (EE) and demand response (DR) programs in addressing short-term capacity deficits and deferring long-term investments in generation and transmission. It also recommends that NSPI explicitly evaluate and report on the potential of EE/DR to mitigate near-term capacity deficits and defer long-term investments.

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AI summary The document discusses the 365kV line addition to the Nova Scotia Power Inc. (NSPI) system and highlights the findings of the PSC Renewable Integration Study. The study does not set a volume limit for additional wind resources but recommends an expanded analysis to explore this question further. It also notes that adding a second 365kV line to New Brunswick (Onslow to Salsbury) would enhance the system's ability to accommodate at least 400MW of additional wind resources, but does not confirm that this addition is required or that 400MW represents a maximum incremental addition of wind. The study does not consider synthetic inertia potential via Virtual Synchronous Generators as an alternative to synchronous condensers.

ship. Based on our direct experience, capital is available at rates lower than typically associated with NSPI ownership and this will lead to reduced renewable energy generation and integration costs. Also based on our experience, the cost...

AI summary The Alternative Resource Energy Authority (AREA) submits comments on the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), noting that capital is available at lower rates than NSPI ownership, which could reduce renewable energy costs. AREA also highlights that wind energy costs in Nova Scotia are lower than stated in reports and that existing sites have expansion potential. AREA requests further data on ELCC for renewables and acknowledges NSPI's efforts post-Hurricane Dorian.

opriate level of resource adequacy so that it can continue to provide reliable and affordable power to its customers. Specifically, this study provides an update of the following planning assumptions: « Planning Reserve Margin (PRM) o The...

AI summary This document discusses the importance of resource adequacy in ensuring reliable and affordable power service. It outlines planning assumptions, including the Planning Reserve Margin (PRM) and the Effective Load Carrying Capability (ELCC) of dispatch-limited resources such as wind, solar, battery storage, and demand response.

Executive Summary of resource adequacy is an important goal for utilities seeking to provide both reliable and affordable service to their customers. NSPI currently plans to meet a 1-day-in-10-year reliability target, meaning that not more...

AI summary The document discusses resource adequacy planning for Nova Scotia Power Inc. (NSPI), emphasizing the importance of meeting a 1-day-in-10-year reliability target. The study uses E3’s Renewable Energy Capacity Planning (RECAP) model to assess the system's resource adequacy, aligning with industry best practices and incorporating dispatch-limited resources such as wind, solar, and demand response.

ectricity sector by incorporating the unique characteristics of dispatch-limited resources such as wind, solar, hydro, battery storage, and demand response into the traditional reliability framework. RECAP calculates reliability metrics by...

AI summary The document discusses the use of RECAP to calculate reliability metrics for the electricity sector, incorporating dispatch-limited resources like wind, solar, hydro, battery storage, and demand response. It also highlights a key finding that NSPI should maintain a planning reserve margin (PRM) between 17.8% and 21.0% to meet a 0.1 days/year loss of load expectation (LOLE) target.

more load and resource diversity can generally maintain lower PRMs while islanded systems with limited load and resource diversity must maintain higher PRMs to provide the same level of reliability. To meet this PRM requirement, though DAF...

AI summary The text discusses how the Planning Reserve Margin (PRM) is influenced by the diversity of load and resources, with islanded systems requiring higher PRMs for reliability. It explains that conventional resources are counted at 100% capacity while variable resources are de-rated. The use of sophisticated modeling tools is emphasized to determine PRM and resource adequacy, especially with increasing variable resources like wind and solar.

the application of sophisticated modeling tools to determine both the appropriate PRM and the contribution of each resource towards resource adequacy. 1.4 Effective Load Carrying Capability (ELCC) Effective load carrying capability (ELCC)...

AI summary The document discusses the use of Effective Load Carrying Capability (ELCC) as a measure of how non-firm resources like wind, solar, and demand response contribute to the Planning Reserve Margin (PRM) and system reliability. ELCC is described as a rigorous but complex metric that requires significant data and modeling.

tion The ELCC of a resource depends on the other resources on the system and underlying load profile which is illustrated through the concept of « Diminishing returns « Diversity impact The diminishing marginal peak load impact of solar PV...

AI summary The text discusses the concept of diminishing returns in the context of solar PV's impact on peak load, illustrating how additional solar resources have a progressively smaller effect on net peak load due to shifting load profiles. It also references the Planning Reserve Margin and Capacity Value Study and mentions the ELCC (Effective Load Carrying Capability) of a resource.

2 10 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 0 6 12 18 Hour Installed Solar PV Capacity (GW) At the same time as there are diminishing returns for an individual resource, it is also possible that a combination...

AI summary The text discusses how combining different resources, such as wind and energy storage, can result in a higher portfolio ELCC than the sum of individual resources. It highlights the diminishing returns of individual resources and the benefits of diversification in resource portfolios.

IRP Update Appendix 1 Page 224 of 487 Attachment 17 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 27 of 85 1.5.1 SOUTHWEST POWER POOL (SPP) The Southwest Power Pool (SPP) is an ISO covering multiple states in the middle of the U.S. including all or portions...

AI summary The text discusses the reliability metrics and planning reserve margin (PRM) requirements for three ISOs: Southwest Power Pool (SPP), Midcontinent Independent System Operator (MISO), and Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT). Each ISO uses different methods to calculate PRM and assign capacity resource requirements to load entities.

ced outages of dispatchable generation. Renewable credit is established by an ELCC study and currently stands at 15.2% for wind and 50% for solar. 1.5.3 ELECTRIC RELIABILITY COUNCIL OF TEXAS (ERCOT) The Electric Reliability Council of Texa...

AI summary The text discusses the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) and its approach to reliability and reserve margins in a deregulated energy market. It outlines the expected market equilibrium reserve margin, economically optimal reserve margin, and a purely informational reserve margin, none of which directly influence the actual reserve margin achieved.

tically regulators could intervene if a study determined that the energy-only framework was not going to yield and acceptable level of reliability. 1.5.4 NEW YORK INDEPENDENT SYSTEM OPERATOR (NYISO) The New York Independent System Operator...

AI summary The text discusses reliability metrics and reserve margin calculations used by various ISOs, including NYISO and ISO-NE, to ensure system reliability. It highlights the use of LOLE targets, demand curves, and performance-based qualification of renewable energy resources.

IRP Update Appendix 1 Page 226 of 487 Attachment 17 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 29 of 85 1.5.6 HAWAIIAN ELECTRIC (OAHU) Hawaiian Electric is an investor owned utility that serves multiple Hawaiian islands, including Oahu. Due to the relati...

AI summary The text discusses the reliability planning approaches of Hawaiian Electric, PJM, and CAISO. Hawaiian Electric maintains a 45% planning reserve margin to meet a 0.22 days/year LOLE standard on Oahu. PJM uses a 0.1 days/year LOLE standard and an installed reserve margin of 16.0% for 2019/2020. CAISO applies a 15% PRM monthly, with renewables counted via ELCC methodology.

nd Capacity Value Study As described in Section 1.1, this study provides an update of the required PRM and confirms that a PRM of at least 20% is necessary to meet a target LOLE of 0.1 days/year. As a vertically integrated utility, NSPI is...

AI summary This study updates the required Planning Reserve Margin (PRM) to ensure a target Loss of Load Events (LOLE) of 0.1 days per year. Nova Scotia Power Inc. (NSPI) is responsible for developing an Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) that meets system needs, including the PRM, and submitting it to the Nova Scotia Utility and Review Board (UARB). The study uses E3’s Renewable Energy Capacity Planning (RECAP) model to assess resource adequacy.

extensively to test the resource adequacy of electric systems across the North American continent, including California, Hawaii, Canada, the Pacific Northwest, the Upper Midwest, Texas, and Florida. RECAP was developed specifically to addr...

AI summary The text discusses the use of RECAP, a tool for evaluating resource adequacy in electric systems across North America, and mentions its application in planning reserve margin and capacity value studies. RECAP incorporates dispatch-limited resources and generates reliability metrics for utility planning.

date Appendix 1 Page 231 of 487 Attachment 17 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 34 of 85 Planning Reserve Margin and Capacity Value Study RECAP calculates these metrics through by simulating the electric system with a specific set of generating...

AI summary The document describes the RECAP model, which uses Monte-Carlo time-sequential simulations to calculate reliability metrics such as LOLE and target PRM. The model considers various factors including load, weather, renewable generation, and resource availability to provide robust reliability statistics.

Steps In order to perform each step in the model listed above, RECAP requires data on the characteristics of loads and the resources available to serve those loads which are listed in Table 4. © 2018 Energy and Environmental Economics, Inc...

AI summary The document outlines the data requirements for RECAP, which is used in the Planning Reserve Margin and Capacity Value Study. It mentions that data on load characteristics and available resources are needed to perform the steps in the model.

lling basis using a day matching algorithm that considers both the daily load and the level of wind/solar generation in the preceding days, with the most recent days being weighted the most highly. © 2018 Energy and Environmental Economics...

AI summary The document describes an algorithm used to create synthetic load-renewable pairings by searching through historical load and renewable generation data to find days similar to a specific day of interest, with the most recent days being weighted more highly.

ߪ‫ܮ‬ ߪܴ ߪܴ 28 P a g e IRP Update Appendix 1 Page 238 of 487 Attachment 17 - Pre-IRP Deliverables Page 41 of 85 Once the similarity has been determined between each day, a daily renewable profile for each class of renewable resources is sto...

AI summary The text discusses a method for generating daily renewable energy profiles using a stochastic selection process based on similarity ratings between days. The approach preserves correlations between load and renewable generation and captures autocorrelation in renewable profiles, such as the persistence of weather patterns during winter storms.

Party Question/Comment & Response 1.1 E1 The Federal government released a draft of new national clean fuel standards, including liquid fossil fuels and solid fossil fuels. Will these regulations be considered for the IRP modelling, assumi...

AI summary The Federal government's draft clean fuel standards will be considered in NS Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) during the Assumptions Development phase. Envigour inquires if the IRP process will address risks and benefits of distributed energy resources (DERs), with NS Power confirming input opportunities during the Assumptions Development and Analysis Plan phase. Topic 2 discusses Planning Reserve Margin (Capacity Study).

plate of that same group) during that peak time. Please refer to Figure A-3 for the requested data. Figure A-3: Historical Capacity Factor of Wind This request relates to how wind is assumed to contribute to meeting capacity requirements,...

AI summary The text discusses the use of Effective Load-Carrying Capacity (ELCC) as a statistically significant measure for assessing wind energy's contribution to capacity requirements, contrasting it with heuristic methods like the 5 peak hours calculation. It emphasizes ELCC's adoption by utilities and regulators as a more reliable approach.

r representation of the most stressed transfer levels, which would illustrate the most critical system states to examine for stability purposes. These would be the most likely cases to identify system issues in order to define the appropri...

AI summary The document discusses the results of a PSC study on wind penetration scenarios and system stability. It confirms that wind penetration beyond 1,000 MW was tested and highlights instability at 1,050 MW. The study did not identify new reliability constraints but provided guidance for monitoring as renewables increase.

Topic 3: ELCC of Resources (Capacity Study) # Party Question/Comment & Response 3.21 Synapse While the E3 study describes appropriate methodologies to test capacity contributions (e.g. ELCC effects), analysis of the ELCC effect of addition...

AI summary Synapse Energy Economics highlights the importance of analyzing the ELCC effect of various resource combinations, such as wind and storage, in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) process. NS Power acknowledges the need to evaluate these effects during the IRP Modeling Phase, particularly for portfolios with significant changes.

1.1 Introduction In the 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), Nova Scotia Power puts forward a long-term strategy for delivering safe, reliable, affordable and clean electricity to customers across Nova Scotia. At its core, the plan illustr...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power's 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) outlines a strategy for clean, reliable, and affordable electricity aligned with provincial decarbonization goals under the Sustainable Development Goals Act (SDGA). The plan emphasizes stakeholder engagement, electrification of sectors like transportation, and near-term actions to transition to a decarbonized grid, supported by collaborative input from workshops and consultations.

1.2 Nova Scotia Power's System Transformation This IRP represents a blueprint for a significant transformation in the way Nova Scotia Power generates and purchases electricity to serve its customers across the province. The scenarios consi...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) outlines a strategy to accelerate greenhouse gas emission reductions, aligning with climate goals. The plan emphasizes technological innovation, rate stability, and the role of aging hydro facilities like Wreck Cove, now critical for integrating variable renewable energy.

asingly The SDGA established provincial greenhouse gas emission reduction goals of at least 10 percent below 1990 levels by 2020; at least 53 percent below 2005 levels by 2030; and "net zero" by 2050 stringent decarbonization targets. In t...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power's IRP aligns with SDGA targets, aiming for 87-95% emission reductions by 2045 through renewable integration and electrification. Electrification of vehicles and buildings is emphasized as critical for decarbonization, supported by E3's analysis.

thways to attain its long-term objectives. In addition, with a scenarios-based approach, Nova Scotia Power has ensured that its planning strategy is robust under a range of possible future conditions. Figure 3 depicts Environmental Policy...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power employs a scenarios-based planning approach, evaluating GHG emission trajectories and coal retirement timelines aligned with SDGA targets and a provincial agreement with Canada. Scenarios include net-zero by 2050, absolute zero electricity emissions by 2050, and accelerated coal retirements by 2030 or 2040.

1.7 Developing Optimal Resource Plans Nova Scotia Power assessed each scenario by optimizing its resource portfolio and operations using a suite of analytical planning models. Through consultation with stakeholders, and input from the Ener...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power develops optimal resource plans by using analytical models and stakeholder input to assess various technologies. The process considers capital and operating costs, system reliability, and environmental targets to identify the lowest-cost solutions that meet long-term objectives.

Figure 6. Resource Options Resource Technology Low-Carbon Energy On-Demand Capacity & Grid Services Wind Turbines • • Solar PV Projects • • ₩ Hydro Plants • • Imports (Firm) • • Imports (Non-Firm) • • Battery Storage • • Demand Response •...

AI summary Figure 6 presents a table outlining various resource technologies and their contributions to low-carbon energy and on-demand capacity and grid services. Technologies such as wind turbines, solar PV projects, hydro plants, and demand response are highlighted as options for meeting energy needs.

Provides service(s) on a limited basis Mostly not applicable Nova Scotia Power considered a wide range of technologies, including renewable resources, imports via new transmission lines, battery storage, compressed air energy storage, cust...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power is evaluating various technologies, including renewable resources, battery storage, and natural gas power plants, to increase low- and zero-carbon generation while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Hydroelectric resources and incremental firm imports offer reliable on-demand capacity, while wind and solar PV provide limited ancillary services. Fossil fuel plants may continue to serve as backup for reliability purposes.

1.8 Overview of Key Findings Nova Scotia Power evaluated a broad range of potential future scenarios that reflect key uncertainties over the coming decades. While each scenario has a unique optimal resource plan, Nova Scotia Power has iden...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power's analysis highlights the need for steep carbon emission reductions aligned with the SDGA, emphasizing the electricity sector's role. Electrification of heating and transportation reduces GHG emissions, with heat pumps offering 35% savings today and up to 95% by 2045 as the grid decarbonizes. The IRP models three electrification levels to ensure reliable, affordable service.

1.9.1 Action Plan The Action Plan includes insights and ranges informed by the model outputs and findings, as analyzed across the scenarios. These will continue to be reviewed and updated, and should be understood in terms of their orders...

AI summary The Action Plan outlines a Regional Integration Strategy to enhance Nova Scotia's energy reliability and access to low carbon energy, including the development of a Reliability Tie and Regional Interconnection. Electrification is highlighted as a key variable in the Integrated Resource Plan, supporting provincial decarbonization goals.

1.9.2 Roadmap As conditions change – either through changes to policy, technology, or economics – Nova Scotia Power will adapt its resource plan to best serve customers. The Roadmap sets out a series of signposts that, if observed, may ind...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power will adapt its resource plan based on policy, technology, and economic changes. Key actions include advancing coal-to-gas studies, conducting system stability analyses with wind integration, and evaluating hydro and thermal unit investments while monitoring for deviations from the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) assumptions.

2.1 Nova Scotia Power's Mission Delivering safe, reliable, affordable, and clean energy is central to Nova Scotia Power's mission. This Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) represents Nova Scotia Power's first long-term plan that commits to the...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power's mission focuses on delivering safe, reliable, affordable, and clean energy. The Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) commits to retiring all coal units within the planning horizon, aligning with customer preferences, provincial goals, and the need for deep decarbonization to mitigate climate change impacts.

2.2 Objectives of the IRP As a regulated utility with an obligation to serve customers, planning for the future is a responsibility and requirement for Nova Scotia Power. The IRP is a long-term planning exercise that establishes the direct...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) outlines long-term objectives focused on developing a robust, risk-weighted, lowest-cost electricity strategy that ensures safe, reliable, and affordable energy delivery while supporting provincial decarbonization. The IRP also includes an Action Plan and Roadmap for implementation and emphasizes collaborative, transparent planning processes with stakeholder engagement.

2.3 Process for the IRP Prior to initiating the core IRP process, Nova Scotia Power undertook a number of pre-IRP studies per the recommendations of the Generation Utilization and Optimization Report10 (completed by the Nova Scotia Utility...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power conducted pre-IRP studies, including a PRM and Capacity Study, Resource Options Study, and Demand Response Options Study, based on recommendations from prior reports. Stakeholder engagement was carried out in 2019, and a Final Pre-IRP Report was issued in October 2019. The IRP modeling process followed a detailed Terms of Reference with stakeholder workshops between modeling stages.

2.4.3 System Strength and Stability The next 25 years will see a dramatic transformation in the Nova Scotia generation mix as it moves further towards decarbonization. Theories and physics of power systems were developed around synchronous...

AI summary The document discusses the transformation of Nova Scotia's power generation mix over the next 25 years, emphasizing the shift from synchronous generators to inverter-based and lower-emitting technologies. This transition will impact system stability and require new approaches to ancillary services, as coal-fired generators retire and synchronous inertia decreases.

2.4.4 Long-Term Capacity Expansion Modeling Software In previous IRPs, Nova Scotia Power relied on Strategist, a resource planning tool supported by ABB Enterprise Software. This tool worked well when the system was predominantly dispatcha...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power is transitioning from the Strategist tool to PLEXOS LT and RESOLVE for long-term capacity expansion modeling due to the increasing integration of variable renewable resources. PLEXOS LT provides detailed optimization and production cost modeling, while RESOLVE offers faster scenario analysis and screening capabilities to support integrated resource planning.

3.1 Ensuring Reliability A reliable electric system is essential to Nova Scotians. Nova Scotia Power plans its electricity system to ensure that loss-of-load events, caused by an electricity supply shortfall, are rare. System reliability m...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power emphasizes the importance of a reliable electric system, planning years in advance to ensure resource adequacy. As the power supply becomes more decarbonized, the integration of variable and intermittent resources like wind and solar introduces new challenges to reliability planning, requiring more comprehensive methods and potential increases in regulation reserves.

or unforced capacity value. This approach puts existing and candidate thermal and renewable resources on an "equal footing" by accounting for the resources' contributions to peak in a consistent way. For the 2020 IRP, Nova Scotia Power use...

AI summary The document discusses the Planning Reserve Margin (PRM) approach used in the 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), which ensures that thermal and renewable resources are treated equally. Nova Scotia Power used a 20 percent ICAP PRM, converted to a 9 percent UCAP PRM for capacity expansion modeling, to ensure fair crediting for renewable resources like wind. The PRM target will be re-evaluated if load characteristics or generation mix change significantly.

3.1.2 Effective Load Carrying Capability When system reliability is maintained through a PRM requirement in the planning process, one of the most important steps is quantifying the amount of firm capacity provided by each existing and cand...

AI summary This section discusses the Effective Load Carrying Capability (ELCC) method for evaluating the contribution of dispatch-limited resources to system reliability. It explains how dispatch-limited resources like wind and solar have varying capacities based on conditions and how ELCC quantifies their actual contribution to resource adequacy. Nova Scotia Power used ELCC values in their Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), calculated using E3's RECAP model.

3.1.3 Ancillary Grid Services and Variable Renewable Energy Integration The Nova Scotia Power system, like all electric power systems, requires various ancillary grid services including ramping and load-following reserves, reactive power s...

AI summary The Nova Scotia Power system requires ancillary grid services such as ramping, reactive power support, and voltage control, which were previously provided by thermal and hydro generators. With the retirement of coal-fired units, alternative sources of these services are needed, especially as non-synchronous generation increases. Ancillary services like regulation reserve and synchronous inertia are modeled in the Integrated Resource Plan to ensure stable power system operation.

3.1.3.1 Regulation Reserve and Net Load Following Capabilities Regulation reserve is defined in this IRP as operating reserves which are available to respond quickly to changes in system net load, including wind ramping. Incremental quanti...

AI summary The document discusses regulation reserve and net load following capabilities in the context of the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP). It outlines how increasing variable generation, such as wind, necessitates additional ramping reserves. Historical wind data was analyzed using a 3-sigma approach to determine reserve requirements, and new wind generation can now provide ramp down reserve service in the PLEXOS model.

3.1.3.2 Synchronous Inertia Inertial Response is a key property of a power system which helps to ensure reliability. It is the ability of synchronous generators to release kinetic energy stored in their rotating generators in response to a...

AI summary This section discusses the importance of synchronous inertia in maintaining grid reliability, the impact of replacing coal-fired generators with inverter-based and gas turbine generators, and Nova Scotia Power's approach to ensuring sufficient inertia through system modeling and studies. The pre-IRP study recommended minimum inertia levels and the use of various sources to meet these requirements.

3.1.3.3 Variable Renewable Integration Requirements In addition to detailing the specific synchronous inertia and reserve requirements described above, the Stability Study for Renewable Integration looked at available options to enable win...

AI summary The Stability Study for Renewable Integration examined options to enable wind integration beyond 600 MW, identifying a second 345 KV AC tie and a domestic mitigation option with a synchronous condenser and battery. Nova Scotia Power allows parallel selection of these options in the IRP process, despite not being tested in the stability study.

Figure 15. Integration Options for Incremental Wind Incremental Wind Available (MW) by Electrification Level No Integration Requirements Reliability Tie Domestic Integration (Batteries + Sync. Condenser) Total Incremental Wind Available Lo...

AI summary Figure 15 outlines the integration options for incremental wind capacity based on electrification levels, showing varying amounts of wind available under different integration scenarios, such as no integration requirements, reliability tie, and domestic integration involving batteries and synchronous condensers.

3.3.2 Renewable Electricity Standards The Nova Scotia Renewable Electricity Standards (RES) include a renewable energy requirement for Nova Scotia Power of 25 percent of energy sales starting in 2015, and 40 percent starting in 2020. In ad...

AI summary Nova Scotia's Renewable Electricity Standards (RES) require Nova Scotia Power to source 25% of energy sales from renewables by 2015 and 40% by 2020. The province also supports community and individual renewable projects through COMFIT and Net Metering. In 2016, regulations were amended to allow inclusion of COMFIT projects in RES compliance and to remove the 'must-run' requirement for a biomass facility. An alternative compliance plan was permitted for 2020–2022 due to delays in the Maritime Link project.

3.3.5 Maritime Link Nova Scotia is interconnected with Newfoundland via a 500 MW, +/-200kV DC Maritime Link tie that was placed into service on January 15, 2018 in preparation for receiving capacity and energy from the Muskrat Falls Hydro...

AI summary Nova Scotia is connected to Newfoundland via the 500 MW Maritime Link, which was activated in 2018 to support energy from the Muskrat Falls project. Nalcor paused construction in 2020 due to the pandemic but resumed in May 2020. The Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) assumes full availability of Muskrat Falls energy by 2021, though delays are not expected to significantly impact long-term planning.

4.1 Load Forecast A key input to Nova Scotia Power's IRP process is the load forecast. In this IRP, Nova Scotia Power enhanced the load forecast methodology to incorporate uncertainty from potential increased economywide electrification as...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power updated its load forecast methodology for the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) to account for increased electrification and customer adoption of distributed technologies. The forecast includes base load, electrification scenarios, demand-side management (DSM) scenarios, and distributed energy resources (DER) impacts, with various combinations used for capacity expansion modeling.

4.1.1 Base Load Forecast The Base Load Forecast relies on demographic and economic indicators (e.g. population and economic growth), historical sales data, weather variables (e.g. cooling degree days and heating degree days), and other fac...

AI summary The Base Load Forecast considers demographic, economic, and weather factors to predict energy demand. Nova Scotia Power's largest customer, Port Hawkesbury Paper LP, transitioned to the ELIADC Tariff in 2020, which includes Active Demand Control to manage load and reduce costs. The NSUARB recognized the ELIADC Tariff's benefits in system flexibility and cost management.

4.2.2.2 Resource Screening - Domestic Hydro The Resource Screening analysis also evaluated the existing fleet of domestic hydro resources. The methodology followed was generally similar to the Diesel CT screening described in the previous...

AI summary The Resource Screening analysis evaluated Nova Scotia Power's domestic hydro resources using a 40-year horizon, considering sustaining capital, O&M, and decommissioning costs. The Mersey and Wreck Cove systems were analyzed individually, while other resources were grouped based on similar operating characteristics. The analysis was conducted under two key scenarios: 1.0A and 2.1C.

4.3 Future Supply Options Nova Scotia Power evaluated a wide array of potential future resource options in this IRP, including renewable resources, energy storage resources, thermal resources, and firm contracts for imports. Assumptions we...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power evaluated various future resource options, including renewable, storage, thermal, and import contracts, using a Resource Options Study. Levelized costs of capacity for these resources are analyzed, showing declining costs for lithium-ion batteries and continued low costs for gas combustion turbines.

4.3.1.1 Wind The installed cost for wind projects has declined significantly in the past decade since reaching a peak in 2010. Wind costs vary significantly by region and terrain. Onshore wind costs in Nova Scotia were estimated based on t...

AI summary The text discusses the declining costs of onshore and offshore wind projects in Nova Scotia, noting that onshore wind costs are more stable while offshore wind costs are expected to decline significantly by 2040, though they may never become less expensive than onshore wind.

Figure 30. LCOE for Wind Resources in Nova Scotia ($/MWh) Year Onshore Offshore 2021 $56 $113 2030 $50 $91 2045 $44 $59 45 NREL 2019 Annual Technology Baseline: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2019/

AI summary Figure 30 presents the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) for onshore and offshore wind resources in Nova Scotia for the years 2021, 2030, and 2045, with data sourced from the NREL 2019 Annual Technology Baseline.

4.3.1.2 Utility-Scale Solar PV Nova Scotia Power uses utility-scale PV capital costs of $1,800/kW AC, which is broadly consistent with the WECC Survey ($1,958/kW AC) but adjusted lower per Nova Scotia labor costs, terrain, and other factor...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power uses utility-scale solar PV capital costs of $1,800/kW AC, adjusted for local factors. Costs are projected to decrease by 20% by 2030 and 33% by 2045, aligning with the NREL 2019 ATB. Solar is more expensive in Nova Scotia due to lower potential capacity factors compared to wind.

Biomass regulations in Nova Scotia limit the available amount of forecast biomass to 350,000 dry tonnes per year to contribute to the Renewable Electricity Standard. Year 2021 2030 2045 Levelized Capital Cost ($/kW-yr) $434 $438 $421 Heat...

AI summary Nova Scotia's biomass regulations cap forecast biomass contributions to 350,000 dry tonnes annually for the Renewable Electricity Standard. A table provides data on levelized capital costs, heat rates, and variable O&M costs for biomass over different years.

Figure 34. Tidal Characteristics Year 2021 2030 2045 Levelized Cost of Energy ($/MWh) $851 $888 $888 Annual Capacity Factor 26% \ Slight capital cost increase from 2021 to 2030 is due to change in capital cost allowance depreciation schedu...

AI summary The table in Figure 34 presents the levelized cost of energy and annual capacity factor for tidal energy projects in 2021, 2030, and 2045. The cost is projected to remain stable through 2045, with a slight increase in 2030 attributed to changes in federal tax law depreciation schedules.

4.3.3.2 Coal-to-Gas Conversion Nova Scotia Power has considered three coal units with nearby natural gas supply for coal-to-gas conversion. Figure 38 shows the capital cost for each of these coal units and Figure 39 shows the coalto-gas co...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power is evaluating coal-to-gas conversion for three coal units with nearby natural gas supply. Figures 38 and 39 illustrate capital costs and conversion characteristics. Federal regulations impose CO2 emission limits and performance standards, affecting the operational life of repowered coal units.

Figure 40. Characteristics of New Combined Cycle Natural Gas Plants with Carbon Capture and Storage Year 2021 2030 2045 Levelized Capital Cost ($/kW-yr) $249 $232 $214 $214 Variable O&M ($/MWh) $10/MWh Hear rate for output 7530 Btu/kWh & l...

AI summary Figure 40 presents the characteristics of new combined cycle natural gas plants with carbon capture and storage (CCS), including levelized capital costs, variable operating and maintenance costs, and heat rates for different years (2021, 2030, 2045). The cost adder for CCS is based on a CO2 transport cost of $13/ton and a capture rate of 90 percent.

4.5.2.1 Reliability Tie The Reliability Tie comprises development of a new 345 kV AC line between Onslow, Nova Scotia and Salisbury, New Brunswick. This transmission option was an available resource in all the key scenarios. During the Pre...

AI summary The Reliability Tie involves constructing a new 345 kV AC line between Onslow, Nova Scotia, and Salisbury, New Brunswick. It was identified as a critical resource for system stability and enabling the integration of up to 400 MW of additional wind capacity. Alternative solutions, such as synchronous condensers and battery storage, were also considered.

4.5.3 Characteristics of Imported Energy and Capacity As discussed in the previous sections, both existing and candidate transmission options can provide energy, and in some cases firm capacity.52 Depending on the import source and availab...

AI summary The section discusses the characteristics of imported energy and capacity, including emission considerations and modeling assumptions for different transmission options. It highlights how imports from various sources are treated in terms of emissions and capacity contributions, with firm and non-firm imports categorized differently.

4.6 Resource Strategies Nova Scotia Power developed three Resource Strategies for use in this IRP. These strategies are intended to capture different subsets of supply and demand-side resources, to allow for a comparison of strategic alter...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power developed three Resource Strategies (A, B, C) for its Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) to compare different supply and demand-side resource scenarios. Strategy A models current in-province resources, Strategy B focuses on increased DER adoption, and Strategy C explores regional integration for accessing out-of-province resources to meet GHG reduction and reliability goals.

5.1 Key Scenarios Nova Scotia Power's objective in this IRP is to model a wide range of potential future scenarios and use this range of results to identify near-term options that are common among many resource plans. In this way, a no-reg...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power is developing an Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) by modeling various future scenarios based on key policy drivers, including decarbonization, load electrification, and resource strategy. These scenarios are designed to identify common near-term options and support the development of a no-regrets Action Plan and Roadmap.

5.2 Sensitivity Analysis In addition to modeling the key scenarios, Nova Scotia Power also conducted a series of sensitivities to understand how the optimal portfolio for a certain key scenario will vary given different assumptions for cer...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power conducted a sensitivity analysis to evaluate how changes in input parameters affect the optimal resource portfolio. This includes varying DSM levels, technology costs, sustaining capital, Mersey Hydro retirement, and operating parameters such as inertia constraints and import availability.

5.2.2 Wind To better understand the impact of technology costs and wind integration requirements on overall costs and portfolio buildout, Nova Scotia Power conducted four sensitivities. The first two sensitivities investigated a future wit...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power conducted four sensitivities to analyze the impact of wind and battery costs and system operational requirements on overall costs and portfolio buildout. Two scenarios relaxed system inertia and wind integration requirements, but were considered boundary cases due to potential reliability concerns.

5.2.4 Imports Imported energy from outside Nova Scotia and the Reliability Tie are components that are seen in all key scenario resource plans; they help Nova Scotia Power both meet future demand and integrate renewable resources. Nova Sco...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power evaluates the impact of imported energy and the Reliability Tie on resource plans, considering scenarios with limited non-firm imports and reduced system inertia from the Reliability Tie. These analyses help understand how future demand and renewable integration might be affected.

5.2.6 Gas and Import Prices Because new natural gas and import resources are both important new resource options to replace retiring coal capacity, Nova Scotia Power tested a high price sensitivity to determine the robustness of those reso...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power evaluated the impact of high gas and import prices on new resource options to replace retiring coal capacity, noting that gas and power prices in the Maritimes are closely linked and modeled together.

5.3.1 Developing Resource Portfolios Nova Scotia Power utilized the PLEXOS capacity expansion and production simulation modeling software in developing the optimal resource portfolios during the Portfolio Study phase of the IRP. PLEXOS is...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power used PLEXOS modeling software to develop optimal resource portfolios from 2021 to 2045, minimizing investment and operation costs while meeting GHG reduction targets and reliability constraints. The PLEXOS modules were used for capacity expansion, production cost modeling, and system operability checks.

5.3.2 Assessing Reliability One of the objectives of the IRP Portfolio Analysis is to ensure that the modeled resource plans meet the established reliability criterion (see Section 3.1 for details on the selection of a reliability criterio...

AI summary The IRP Portfolio Analysis ensures resource plans meet reliability criteria, using the Planning Reserve Margin and resource capacity values. E3's RECAP model is used in two stages to assess the existing system and evaluate optimal resource plans, aiming to meet Nova Scotia Power's reliability criterion of 1-day-in-10-years LOLE.

5.3.3 Assessing Operability To access the operational behaviour of the future resource portfolio, Nova Scotia Power conducted and reviewed hourly unit commitment simulations in PLEXOS MT/ST for several key scenarios, including scenarios th...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power conducted hourly unit commitment simulations in PLEXOS to assess the operability of future resource scenarios, including those with high variable generation and thermal unit retirements. These simulations help validate system and unit operability constraints and refine capital assumptions for the Final Portfolio Study.

e year over year. A simple (i.e. non-cumulative) average rate change is created by averaging rate changes over the analysis period. The analysis employs a number of simplifying assumptions including: - • Electrification and the associated...

AI summary This section discusses assumptions in assessing rate impacts, including uniform fixed cost recovery across customer classes, proportional load changes from electrification, and static initial fixed cost recovery. It highlights potential upward pressure on rates due to the retirement of fossil fuel plants and the benefits of electrification.

5.4 Evaluation of Resource Portfolios One of the main objectives of the IRP is to develop a robust, risk-weighted lowest-cost long-term electricity strategy that delivers energy in a safe and reliable manner. In addition, Nova Scotia Power...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power evaluates resource portfolios using metrics like 25-year NPVRR, resource adequacy, GHG emissions, and robustness to ensure affordability, reliability, and decarbonization. The Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) considers various scenarios, including the impact of DSM, DER penetration, and electrification on costs and rates.

6 MODELING RESULTS The assumptions, constraints, and scenarios developed through the initial stages of the IRP Process provide the inputs necessary to execute the Initial Portfolio Study, Reliability and Operability Analysis, and Final Por...

AI summary The modeling results from Nova Scotia Power's 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) highlight the common elements in low-cost resource plans, despite high uncertainty in the electricity planning environment. Scenario 2.0C is designated as the Reference Plan due to its lowest 25-year NPVRR, and other low-cost scenarios are discussed to highlight shared characteristics in resource selection and timing.

6.1 Resource Additions and Retirements IRP resource plans are largely described via their resource additions and retirements. In order to communicate these plans, Nova Scotia Power has developed an incremental capacity diagram that has bee...

AI summary The Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) outlines resource additions and retirements, including the retirement of coal units and the addition of gas peaking units, wind resources, and demand response. Solar resources are not selected in the current scenarios but may be included under an accelerated GHG reduction trajectory.

6.2 Energy Mix Similar to the capacity addition and retirement chart, Nova Scotia Power has been using a consistent format to share annual energy mix results throughout this IRP process. Figure 48 below shows how the annual generation mix...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power's energy mix is projected to shift significantly over the planning horizon, with coal generation declining due to GHG emissions curves and the retirement of coal units. Wind generation and low-carbon imports are expected to increase, while new gas combustion turbines provide firm capacity but operate at low capacity factors.

6.3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Figure 49 shows the GHG emissions over the planning horizon for the scenarios 2.0C and 2.1C. In both scenarios, Nova Scotia Power is able to meet the GHG emission requirement and lower overall GHG emissions fro...

AI summary The document discusses GHG emissions reductions in Nova Scotia Power's scenarios 2.0C and 2.1C, showing that emissions will decrease to 1.4 MT per year by 2045. This is due to wind energy, low- and zero-carbon imports, and the retirement of coal-fired generation by 2040. Zero-carbon generation will make up over 70% of total generation by 2045.

mpact is provided for each key scenario and sensitivity as part of the full set of IRP modeling results. Figure 52. Relative Rate Impact Comparison – Selected Scenarios These results indicate that the higher fixed system costs associated w...

AI summary The text discusses how increased electrification can distribute higher fixed system costs over more sales units, reducing average unit costs and potentially mitigating rate increases. It highlights the impact of advanced thermal plant retirement on depreciation and the potential for electrification to offset rate pressures. Additionally, it notes benefits such as reduced heating oil and gasoline costs and emissions reductions.

6.7 Operability For select scenarios, Nova Scotia Power used the PLEXOS MT/ST module between the Initial and Final Portfolio Studies in order to produce hourly production cost model outputs. These more granular simulations were reviewed to...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power used the PLEXOS MT/ST module to conduct hourly production cost model simulations for four scenarios during the Operability Assessment phase. The simulations confirmed that key model constraints were met, thermal unit operating parameters were respected, and minor refinements were made to import constraints for the Final Portfolio Study.

6.7.1 Operating Reserve Provision An item of interest in this IRP is an analysis of Operating Reserve provision, to understand whether any changes to current operating practice are indicated by the IRP modeling results. The IRP model incor...

AI summary The Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) analysis examines the Operating Reserve provision, incorporating minimum reserve requirements set by the Nova Scotia Power System Operator. The IRP model co-optimizes generation and reserve provision, resulting in surplus reserves beyond minimum requirements as part of the lowest-cost solution. Hourly Production Cost model outputs show an average of 471 MW of operating reserve, similar to recent audit results.

6.8.2 Wind Nova Scotia Power tested a series of sensitivities to investigate the potential impact of technology cost and integration requirements on both the level and timing of wind capacity builds. The results of the first two scenarios,...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power tested various wind energy scenarios, showing that lower wind costs and integration requirements lead to earlier wind capacity installations and coal retirements. Lower inertia requirements had minimal impact on resource plans, while removing integration constraints led to late wind additions and higher curtailment, suggesting the need for further analysis.

6.8.3 Mersey System The Mersey Hydro system was analyzed during the Resource Screening phase of the IRP (described in Section 4.2.2) and economically retained, based on the assumptions developed from Nova Scotia Power's Hydro Asset Study (...

AI summary The Mersey Hydro system was analyzed in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and retained economically. However, due to redevelopment costs, a PLEXOS sensitivity analysis was conducted assuming the Mersey system retires in 2025. Results show redevelopment is economically viable compared to decommissioning, with similar rate impacts but differences in NPVRR metrics over 25 years.

6.8.4 Imports Because Regional Integration and the Reliability Tie play a key role in many of the optimal resource plans developed for the key scenarios, three import sensitivities were modeled in order to evaluate the robustness of this f...

AI summary The document evaluates the impact of three import sensitivities on Nova Scotia's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP). Reducing non-firm imports leads to earlier wind and natural gas combined-cycle unit development. Removing the Reliability Tie results in less wind and higher costs. The Reliability Tie's contribution to inertia is tested, showing that its full inertia provision is not critical to the asset's value.

6.8.5 Sustaining Capital Evaluating ongoing sustaining capital investments for existing generating units is an important part of the IRP process. In particular, during this period of significant system transformation, the sustaining capita...

AI summary This section discusses the evaluation of sustaining capital investments for existing generating units as part of the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) process. Two sensitivity scenarios—High and Low sustaining capital—are analyzed, showing how changes in sustaining capital affect retirement timelines and resource planning, with the base case being the most economically viable for customers.

cing carbon emissions in line with Nova Scotia's Sustainable Development Goals Act will require significant efforts from each sector of the economy, with the electricity sector playing a major role. - 1a Key pillars of economy-wide decarbo...

AI summary The electricity sector must play a major role in reducing carbon emissions in line with Nova Scotia's Sustainable Development Goals Act. Key pillars include non-emitting electricity supplies, demand side management, and electrification of fossil fuel-dependent end uses. Electrification can reduce electricity rates and help achieve carbon reduction targets in buildings and transportation.

7.2 Action Plan As set out in the IRP Terms of Reference, The IRP Action Plan describes the key tasks to be undertaken in the next five years to implement the long-term electricity strategy. These Action Plan items are built on the items i...

AI summary The IRP Action Plan outlines steps for developing a regional integration strategy to enhance reliability and access to low-carbon energy, and proposes an electrification strategy to support decarbonization while maintaining rate stability. Key actions include developing a reliability tie and regional interconnection, conducting studies on firm import options, and initiating electrification programs with oversight from UARB.

Initiate a Thermal Plant Retirement, Redevelopment and Replacement Plan including: - Develop a plan for the retirement and replacement of Trenton 5, targeting 2023, while identifying required replacement capacity and energy in parallel. Be...

AI summary The document outlines a plan to retire and replace thermal plants, including a depreciation study, redevelopment of natural gas turbines, wind procurement targeting 50-100 MW by 2025, and a demand response strategy targeting 75 MW by 2025. It also mentions the calculation of avoided costs for DSM scenarios.

7.3 Roadmap As described in the IRP Terms of Reference, the IRP Roadmap is designed to identify signposts to monitor and decision gates to be addressed in order to enable the appropriate triggering of changes to the Strategy, based on futu...

AI summary The IRP Roadmap outlines key monitoring variables and decision points for Nova Scotia Power to refine its long-term strategy. It includes advancing engineering studies on coal-to-gas conversions and conducting system stability studies to evaluate grid impacts from increased wind capacity and new ancillary services.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix A Page 1 of 64 Deep Decarbonization in Nova Scotia: Phase 1 Report Nova Scotia Power Inc. February 2020 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix A Page 2 of 64 Deep Decarbonization in Nova Sco...

AI summary The document is an appendix from Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Final Report, focusing on deep decarbonization in Nova Scotia. It includes corrections to figures and tables due to unit conversion errors, emphasizing that these errors do not affect the underlying system modeling. The report is part of Phase 1 of the decarbonization strategy.

.......................................................................... 2 1 Background........................................................................................................11 1.1 Nova Scotia Policy Landscape .............

AI summary The document outlines a study analyzing Nova Scotia's greenhouse gas emissions and energy demand using the PATHWAYS model. It covers policy context, methodology, scenario analysis, and results on emissions reduction, energy demand, and biofuel usage, concluding with implications for climate and energy strategies.

........................................................................ 47 4 Conclusions .......................................................................................................49 4.1 Key Findings and Implications for NSPI...

AI summary The document outlines the conclusions and key findings of Nova Scotia Power Inc.'s (NSPI) Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Final Report, including recommendations for further analysis. Appendices include mitigation scenario results, additional scenarios, and biofuels tables. The report is part of a regulatory proceeding involving the Nova Scotia Utility and Review Board (UARB).

ronmental Economics, Inc. (E3) to perform an independent analysis of strategies to achieve long-term, province-wide GHG reductions, with a focus on electricity, buildings, and transportation sectors. This study, commissioned prior to passa...

AI summary Energy and Environmental Economics, Inc. (E3) was commissioned to analyze strategies for achieving 80% GHG emission reductions below 2005 levels by 2050 in Nova Scotia, focusing on electricity, buildings, and transportation. The study highlights the need for additional abatement measures beyond existing policies, including Nova Scotia’s hard caps on electricity sector emissions, to meet deep decarbonization targets.

ns accounting tool; E3 has used PATHWAYS in 1 Greenhouse Gas Inventory from Environmental and Climate Change Canada: https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/779c7bcf-4982-47eb-af1b- a33618a05e5b 4 P a g e © 2020 Energy and Environmental Eco...

AI summary E3 developed a customized PATHWAYS model for Nova Scotia's decarbonization, identifying four pillars: energy efficiency, electrification, low-carbon fuels, and low-carbon electricity. The model uses scenario-based analysis to address uncertainties in technology costs and availability, as detailed in the Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report.

5 P a g e © 2020 Energy and Environmental Economics, Inc. Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix A Page 11 of 64 (business-as-usual) scenario and three core “mitigation” scenarios (Building Electrification Only, Moderate Electrificati...

AI summary E3's PATHWAYS model analysis for Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) outlines scenarios for deep decarbonization, emphasizing sectoral synergy and low-carbon electricity's role. Key findings include the need for cross-sectoral efforts and electrification to achieve 80% GHG reductions by 2050.

n the electricity sector, as well as by enabling complementary reductions in buildings and transportation from electrification. Over the last decade, the electricity sector in Nova Scotia has reduced emissions by more than 30% relative to...

AI summary Nova Scotia's electricity sector reduced emissions by 30% since 2005 through renewable energy adoption. Continued integration of low-carbon resources like wind and hydro is needed to maintain this progress while ensuring reliability and affordability. NSPI must meet growing energy demand without increasing carbon emissions.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix A Page 13 of 64 Figure 5. Nova Scotia GHG Emissions Reductions Milestones in High Electrification Scenario 3. Low-carbon electricity alone is not enough to achieve 80% economy-wide reductions. Al...

AI summary The text emphasizes that achieving 80% economy-wide GHG reductions requires measures beyond low-carbon electricity, such as advanced biofuels or hydrogen. Nova Scotia must monitor emerging energy sectors and assess their deployment potential to meet 2050 GHG goals.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix A Page 14 of 64 Figure 6. Emissions Reduction by Strategy for the High Electrification Scenario 4. Long lifetimes require early action. Investments in infrastructure and equipment can last decade...

AI summary The text emphasizes the need for early action in infrastructure investments to meet 2050 emissions goals, highlighting the long-term impacts of electrification and low-carbon infrastructure. It notes the challenge of achieving near-complete passenger vehicle electrification by 2050, given current low EV adoption, and stresses the importance of public charging infrastructure and strategic planning by NSPI.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix A Page 15 of 64 infrastructure and initiatives needed to achieve those targets, and developing a strategy to support those markets. 5. Building electrification is dependent on reducing costs and...

AI summary The report emphasizes the need for infrastructure and strategies to achieve decarbonization targets, highlighting building electrification's dependence on cost reductions and incentives. It notes the importance of cold climate heat pumps, their high upfront costs, and the need for government or NSPI support. Peak electricity demand impacts from electric heating and an alternative low-carbon biofuels scenario are also discussed.

d Environmental Economics, Inc. Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix A Page 16 of 64 1 Background 1.1 Nova Scotia Policy Landscape Climate change threatens human health and livelihoods around the globe, including risks to Nova Scoti...

AI summary Nova Scotia's Sustainable Development Goals Act (SDGA) sets ambitious GHG reduction targets (53% by 2030, net zero by 2050), superseding prior legislation. The text highlights that electricity/heat production accounted for over 40% of 2016 emissions, with NS Power's non-emitting sources projected to reach 60% by 2020. A pre-SDGA study evaluates pathways for 80% GHG reduction by 2050, termed 'deep decarbonization'.

roximately 60% of the Company’s electricity supply portfolio. The next largest source of emissions is on-road transportation, which makes up almost a quarter of emissions in Nova Scotia as of 2016. 11 P a g e © 2020 Energy and Environmenta...

AI summary The text outlines Nova Scotia's GHG emissions sources, highlighting electricity supply (60%) and on-road transportation (25%) as major contributors. It introduces a study on decarbonization pathways, focusing on electricity sector reductions and electrification impacts, using the PATHWAYS model framework for analysis.

ova Scotia?  What role might be played by electrification of vehicles and appliances, and how might that impact electric load served by Nova Scotia Power? 2.2 PATHWAYS Model Framework This study used E3’s PATHWAYS model to develop emissio...

AI summary The text explores the potential impact of electrifying vehicles and appliances on Nova Scotia Power's electric load and describes the use of E3's PATHWAYS model for emissions projections. The model, developed in 2008 and updated for deep decarbonization analyses, has been applied in projects with California Energy Commission and Xcel Energy.

scenario is based on current stock and sales of devices as represented by publicly available governmental data sources, and is not based on NS Power produced internal load forecasts. • High Electrification Scenario: This mitigation scenari...

AI summary The text outlines three electrification scenarios (High, Moderate, Building Electrification Only) with varying levels of energy efficiency, building, and transportation electrification, alongside biofuel use for emissions reduction. It references Nova Scotia's Greenhouse Gas Emissions Regulations, which impose a hard cap on electricity emissions.

Reference High Electrification Building Electrification Moderate Electrification Only 2050 GHG 3.5 MMT CO2e 2.0 MMT CO2e 1.5 MMT CO2e 1.65 MMT CO2e emissions budget for electricity generation Building energy None 54% of homes are assumed t...

AI summary The text presents four electrification scenarios (High, Building, Moderate, Only) with varying GHG emission reductions (1.5–3.5 MMT CO2e by 2050), building efficiency measures, heat pump adoption rates, and zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) targets. Each scenario outlines differing levels of residential and commercial electrification, weatherization, and ZEV penetration.

MDVs: 80% EV sales by MDVs: 90% diesel electric MDVs: 10% compressed 2040 and 9% diesel hybrid sales by 2050 natural gas sales, 2% EV electric hybrid sales by HDVs: 100% diesel sales and 1.5% H2 fuel cell 2050 electric hybrid sales by sale...

AI summary The document outlines vehicle fuel economy targets, including 80-90% EV sales for MDVs by 2050, 100% diesel electric hybrid sales for HDVs by 2050, and 5% EV sales for buses by 2030. It references U.S. CAFE standards for LDVs through 2026 and assumes advanced biofuels from agricultural and forestry residues. ZEVs (battery and plug-in hybrid) are emphasized.

ing retrofits for high efficiency building shells: Deep home retrofits of existing buildings are performed when space conditioning appliances are replaced, in addition to mandating ultra-efficient building shells for new homes and commerci...

AI summary The text outlines three building mitigation measures: high-efficiency retrofits, EnergyStar appliance adoption, and electrification via heat pumps. These measures aim to reduce energy demand and GHG emissions by 20% through efficient building shells and 100% electric heat pump adoption by 2030.

100% sales of electric heat 50% sales of electric heat 100% sales of electric heat pumps by 2030 pumps by 2030 pumps by 2030 25 P a g e © 2020 Energy and Environmental Economics, Inc. Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix A Page 31 o...

AI summary The document outlines Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) targets, including 100% electric heat pump adoption by 2030, and discusses stock rollover in residential heating scenarios. It also details the PATHWAYS model's transportation sector analysis, benchmarking energy demand against 2016 GHG inventory data and using NEMS for subsector disaggregation.

29 P a g e © 2020 Energy and Environmental Economics, Inc. Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix A Page 35 of 64 Figure 15. Stock Rollover from the Reference Scenario and Building Electrification Scenario: Light Duty Vehicles 2.5.4.3...

AI summary The document discusses vehicle decarbonization through electrification in Nova Scotia's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), focusing on Light-Duty Vehicles (LDVs). It outlines mitigation scenarios involving hybrid-electric and zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) like battery electric (BEV) and plug-in hybrid electric (PHEV), with Table 6 detailing key measures for three scenarios.

30 P a g e © 2020 Energy and Environmental Economics, Inc. Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix A Page 36 of 64 Table 6. Transportation Mitigation Measures Category of Transportation Building Moderate High Electrification Measures E...

AI summary The table outlines transportation mitigation measures under different electrification scenarios, including targets for zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) sales across light-duty, medium-duty, and heavy-duty vehicles, as well as buses, under Moderate, High, and Very High Electrification Scenarios by Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP).

io (provided in the Appendix) includes some electrification of the Transportation Other subsector. That means 60% of all other transportation fuels which are uncategorized or unknown are electrified. Figure 16. Stock Rollover from the Mode...

AI summary The document discusses electrification scenarios in the transportation sector, showing that 60% of uncategorized or unknown transportation fuels are electrified. It also outlines E3's assessment of decarbonization in the electricity sector, including the need for further study on the cost, reliability, and potential of deep decarbonization under load growth scenarios.

HFCs in particular, Canada’s ratification of the Kigali Amendment in 2017 established a nationwide target of 85% reduction in HFC consumption by 2036, relative to 2016 levels. 2.5.8 BIOFUELS SECTOR Advanced renewable biofuels, i.e., drop-i...

AI summary The text discusses Canada's commitment to reducing HFC consumption by 85% by 2036 due to the Kigali Amendment. It also highlights the potential of advanced renewable biofuels as a resource option for decarbonizing difficult-to-electrify sectors, though their production is limited by biomass feedstock availability and the need for regional markets to support investment in biofuel refineries.

33 P a g e © 2020 Energy and Environmental Economics, Inc. Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix A Page 39 of 64 Due to limited data regarding the biomass resource potential for biofuel production in Canada, E3 used the United States...

AI summary E3 used the US Department of Energy Billion Ton Study (BTS) dataset to estimate biomass feedstock availability and costs for biofuels in Canada, adjusting for sustainability concerns and excluding purpose-grown crops. The analysis also estimates Canadian biomass potential at 128 million dry tons by 2040.

. This might be a lower cost solution than using biomass for biofuel production and direct end- uses, but there may be other constraints limiting the ability to use biomass for electric generation. 35 P a g e © 2020 Energy and Environmenta...

AI summary The text discusses the potential use of biomass feedstocks for energy generation, comparing US and Canadian biomass potentials with scaling factors. It mentions that biomass may be a lower-cost solution than using it for biofuel production or direct end-uses, but there may be constraints limiting its use for electric generation.

1,051 423 Total Excl. 352 128 Purpose-Grown 36 P a g e © 2020 Energy and Environmental Economics, Inc. Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix A Page 42 of 64 3 Results The results in this section demonstrate the transformative change...

AI summary The text discusses the need for transformative changes to achieve 80% GHG reductions by 2050, comparing the Reference scenario with three mitigation scenarios. It highlights sectoral differences in emissions allocation and notes that electricity sector modeling was not detailed in this study, with emissions budgets based on implied intensities consistent with a deeply decarbonized system.

order to assess the feasibility of a given budget, and the utility’s ability to reduce emissions to a given level while meeting growing demand, ensuring reliability, and maintaining reasonable costs. Across the three mitigation scenarios,...

AI summary The document discusses three mitigation scenarios for reducing emissions, focusing on varying levels of electrification in buildings and transportation. It highlights the High Electrification, Moderate Electrification, and Building Electrification Only scenarios, noting that while all aim for an 80% emissions reduction, the extent of electrification differs. Non-energy emissions are assumed to decrease by 30% across all scenarios, with remaining emissions coming from hard-to-electrify sectors.

and Clean Electricity measures are interdependent and were not modeled separately in this analysis. Thus, allocations to these two categories are preliminary approximations. 3.2 Final Energy Demand Final energy demand includes demand for e...

AI summary The text discusses the relationship between Clean Electricity and energy efficiency measures, highlighting that electrification, such as through heat pumps and electric vehicles, significantly reduces final energy demand. In the High Electrification scenario, final energy demand is about 20% lower than in other scenarios due to efficiency gains from electrification and building improvements.

tricity sector based on our estimates of feasible emissions intensities for a deeply decarbonized system, the emissions reductions in the other sectors, and the economy-wide emissions reduction goal. This study’s results show that the High...

AI summary The study evaluates different electrification scenarios and their impact on electricity demand, showing that high electrification leads to significant load growth, while moderate electrification and building electrification only scenarios result in more balanced demand due to efficiency improvements.

s, Inc. Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix A Page 52 of 64 Figure 24. Estimated Space Heating Incremental Peak in 2050 (MW) Note: These ranges estimate the impact of electrifying fossil furnaces with air source heat pumps. The ran...

AI summary The document discusses the impact of electrifying space heating with air source heat pumps, estimating incremental peak demand in 2050. It also outlines biofuel demand under different electrification scenarios, highlighting its role in hard-to-electrify sectors to meet GHG reduction goals.

48 P a g e © 2020 Energy and Environmental Economics, Inc. Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix A Page 54 of 64 4 Conclusions This climate pathways analysis illustrates that achieving deep decarbonization will require tremendous shi...

AI summary This section outlines key findings from the climate pathways analysis, emphasizing the need for synergistic action across sectors and the importance of low-carbon electricity in achieving deep decarbonization in Nova Scotia by 2050. The report highlights the necessity of accelerating initial transformation efforts and the role of NSPI in supporting the transition.

ortation. Over the last decade, the electricity sector in Nova Scotia has reduced emissions by more than 30% relative to 2005 levels, thanks to a transition to cleaner and renewable energy 49 P a g e © 2020 Energy and Environmental Economi...

AI summary Over the last decade, Nova Scotia's electricity sector has reduced emissions by over 30% since 2005 through the transition to cleaner and renewable energy sources. Continued integration of low-carbon resources like wind and hydro is needed to maintain this progress while ensuring reliability and affordability.

transition would enable NSPI to meet energy demand from existing electric load as well as new load growth from space and water heating and transportation, without emitting more carbon. 3. Low-carbon electricity alone is not enough to achie...

AI summary The transition to low-carbon electricity can meet current and future energy demand without increasing carbon emissions. However, achieving 80% economy-wide emissions reductions requires additional measures beyond electrification, including low-carbon fuels like advanced biofuels and hydrogen. Nova Scotia should monitor these technologies and assess their potential deployment.

a global market. Nova Scotia should therefore monitor the development of these emerging energy sectors and perform more detailed assessments of their potential deployment in Nova Scotia. 4. Long lifetimes require early action. Investments...

AI summary The document emphasizes the need for Nova Scotia to monitor emerging energy sectors and invest early in long-lasting infrastructure to meet 2050 emissions targets. It highlights the importance of electrification, especially for passenger vehicles, and the need for public charging infrastructure to support adoption.

ption. NSPI could start by defining adoption targets, determining the infrastructure and initiatives needed to achieve those targets, and developing a strategy to support those markets. 5. Building electrification is dependent on reducing...

AI summary The text discusses the need for Nova Scotia Power Inc. (NSPI) to define electrification adoption targets, reduce costs, and enhance incentives to support widespread use of cold climate heat pumps. It highlights the importance of evaluating peak electricity demand impacts and considers alternative strategies like low-carbon biofuels for building decarbonization.

el costs. E3 will undertake a more detailed review of costs in Phase 2 of this analysis.  Electricity Sector Modeling: This study did not perform detailed dispatch or capacity expansion modeling. Efforts to more completely characterize po...

AI summary The analysis highlights the need for more detailed electricity sector modeling, including dispatch and capacity expansion, to assess impacts on peak load and grid reliability. It also emphasizes the importance of evaluating consumer adoption of low-carbon technologies and the technical feasibility of integrating these technologies into the grid.

cient, lower emitting technologies, such as cold climate heat pumps and electric vehicles.  Technical Feasibility: This study includes scenarios that rely significantly on adoption of cold climate heat pumps. Research to understand heat p...

AI summary The document discusses the feasibility of adopting cold climate heat pumps in Nova Scotia as part of mitigation scenarios, highlighting the need for research on their performance and costs in cold temperatures.

ronmental Economics, Inc. Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix A Page 59 of 64 5 Appendix 5.1 Mitigation Scenario Results Table 9. 2050 Results for Reference and Mitigation Scenarios Building Moderate High Category Reference Electri...

AI summary The document presents mitigation scenario results from the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) final report by Nova Scotia Power. It compares emissions and energy demand across different electrification scenarios, highlighting reductions in electric sector and non-electric emissions, as well as changes in energy demand and biofuels usage by 2050.

34 34 13 Biofuels Share of Final Energy Demand (%) 1% 35% 34% 16% 5.2 Additional Scenarios Table 10. 2050 Results for Reference Scenario and Additional Scenarios Category Reference Very High Electrification High Biofuels Electric Sector Em...

AI summary The text presents data on biofuels' share of final energy demand and emissions scenarios for 2050, comparing the reference scenario with high electrification and high biofuels scenarios. It highlights the impact of different energy strategies on total emissions and energy demand.

electric hybrid sales by 2050 HDVs: 10% compressed Buses: 95% EV sales by 2040 natural gas sales and 0.5% EV sales by 2050 Buses: 5% EV sales by 2030 Other transportation None 60% of total energy is electrified by None 2050 including rail,...

AI summary The text outlines transportation and industry electrification targets, including EV sales projections for buses and HDVs, as well as biofuel strategies using agricultural and forestry residues. It also references the Nova Scotia Power Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and Energy and Environmental Economics, Inc.

Table 12. 2050 Biomethane Conversion Inputs Feedstock Type (Disaggregated) Feedstock Category Conversion Process Efficiency Process Costs (GJ/dry ton) (2012$/dry ton) Barley straw Ag Residues gasification 14.001 80.65 (Cellulose) Biomass s...

AI summary Table 12 presents data on the conversion of various feedstocks into biomethane through gasification, including efficiency and process costs for each type of feedstock in 2012 dollars per dry ton.

Feedstock Type (Disaggregated) Feedstock Category Conversion Process Efficiency Process Costs (GJ/dry ton) (2012$/dry ton) Paper and paperboard Other MSW gasification 15.824 91.34 (Cellulose) Pine Purpose-Grown gasification 15.021 86.29 Tr...

AI summary The text presents a table detailing various feedstock types, their categories, conversion processes, efficiencies, and process costs. The data includes information on paper, plastics, agricultural residues, and forest residues, all processed through gasification with varying efficiencies and costs per dry ton.

rees Softwood, planted, residue Forest Residues gasification 14.860 85.41 Softwood, planted, tree Purpose-Grown gasification 14.860 85.41 Trees Sorghum stubble Ag Residues gasification 11.808 66.87 Sugarcane bagasse Ag Residues gasificatio...

AI summary The text presents data on various biomass feedstocks, including their types, sources, and energy conversion potential through gasification. It highlights the energy output and conversion efficiency of different materials such as forest residues, agricultural residues, and other municipal solid waste.

ther fuel) or shut down at the end of “useful life”, as defined by the regulations based on commissioning dates, and would cause conversion or retirement by the following years for the NS Power fleet: Trenton 6 Point Lingan 1, 2019 Trenton...

AI summary The document outlines the retirement timeline for coal units in Nova Scotia's power fleet, noting that the Equivalency Agreement with the Federal Government allows NS Power to continue operating coal units beyond certain dates. It also discusses provincial GHG emission regulations and the renewal of the Equivalency Agreement from 2020-2024 with future methodology agreements for 2025-2040.

34 Resource Cost Modeling Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix B Page 36 of 112 Fixed vs. Variable Costs for New Resources  Fixed costs: expenditures required to install and maintain generating capacity, independent of operations •...

AI summary The document discusses resource cost modeling, distinguishing between fixed and variable costs for new energy resources. Fixed costs include capital and fixed O&M, while variable costs include variable O&M and fuel costs. Capacity factors are used to estimate the spread of fixed costs. Resource options considered include fossil fuels, renewables, energy storage, and emerging technologies.

enewables: biomass, municipal solid waste, solar PV, tidal, wind (onshore and offshore)  Energy storage: li-ion batteries, compressed air, pumped hydro  Emerging technologies: modular nuclear Conversion from coal is not an overly viable...

AI summary The document outlines renewable energy sources such as biomass, solar PV, tidal, and wind, along with energy storage options like lithium-ion batteries and pumped hydro. It also mentions emerging technologies like modular nuclear. The text notes that converting from coal is not viable, and there is pushback against operating the existing NS Power biomass facility, suggesting a lack of social license for biomass in Nova Scotia.

36 Summary of Assumptions Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix B Page 38 of 112 Capital Costs (1 of 2) – Renewables and Storage Capital Cost (2019 CAD $/kW) Technology Subtechnology 2019 2030 % Change Wind Onshore $2,100 $1,691 -19%...

AI summary The document presents capital cost data for various energy technologies, including renewables and storage, from 2019 to 2030. It highlights significant cost reductions for wind, solar PV, and battery storage technologies, while some technologies like tidal and compressed air storage show no change in costs.

38 Summary of Assumptions Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix B Page 40 of 112 Operating Costs – All Technologies Operating Cost Technology Subtechnology Fixed O&M Variable O&M ($/kW-yr) ($/MWh) Wind Onshore $59 $0 Offshore $165 $0...

AI summary The document presents operating costs for various energy technologies, including fixed and variable O&M costs for technologies such as wind, solar, biomass, tidal, storage, coal, natural gas, and nuclear. All O&M costs are assumed to escalate at 2% per year.

i-Ion $2,125 $1,835 (4 hr) Solar $1,800 $1,515 2020 IRP FINAL ASSUMPTIONS SET 40 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix B Page 42 of 112 2020 IRP: DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCES (DER s) MARCH 11, 2020 2020 IRP FINAL ASSUMPTIONS SET 41 N...

AI summary The document discusses the challenges of evaluating the impact of distributed energy resources (DERs) on the electricity system, including system-level and distribution-level costs and benefits, the influence of incentives and policy goals, and the limitations of capacity optimization models in capturing locational value.

2020 IRP FINAL ASSUMPTIONS SET 52 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix B Page 54 of 112 ELCC OF SOLAR The NS Power system currently has a very small amount of solar capacity at only 1.7 MW which has an average and marginal ELCC of 5...

AI summary The document discusses the Effective Load Carrying Capacity (ELCC) of solar, battery storage, and demand response (DR) in the context of the 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) by Nova Scotia Power. It highlights that solar has a very low ELCC due to poor correlation with peak load hours, battery storage shows varying ELCC values, and DR programs exhibit diminishing ELCC values depending on their characteristics.

ults, DR exhibits diminishing average and marginal ELCC values. The ELCC of a DR program will depend on its specific characteristics. NS Power’s Marginal DR ELCC 2020 IRP FINAL ASSUMPTIONS SET 55 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix...

AI summary The document discusses the Effective Load Carrying Capacity (ELCC) of Demand Response (DR) programs, noting that DR exhibits diminishing average and marginal ELCC values. It also explores how combinations of renewable energy and storage can enhance ELCC through synergies, with specific examples of solar and wind paired with storage. A study from July 2019 is referenced.

NAL ASSUMPTIONS SET 69 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix B Page 71 of 112 2020 IRP: IMPORTS MARCH 11, 2020 2020 IRP FINAL ASSUMPTIONS SET 70 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix B Page 72 of 112 SUMMARY – IMPORTS • Firm im...

AI summary The 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) outlines assumptions regarding imports, including firm and non-firm transmission options. Firm imports could support lower GHG emissions and replace coal-fired generation, requiring firm transmission via existing or new infrastructure. Non-firm imports can use existing or new transmission but may be subject to curtailment.

up to ~450 MW. Non-Firm Import Options: • Import energy via existing transmission (Maritime Link and New Brunswick tieline); and/or • Import energy via new transmission. 2020 IRP FINAL ASSUMPTIONS SET 72 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report...

AI summary The document discusses enabling transmission investment, outlining qualitative and quantitative benefits, including enhanced system reliability, renewable integration, and economic energy imports. It also provides cost estimates for new transmission projects, such as the 345kV Onslow-Salisbury-Coleson Cove and the HVDC to QC line.

Onslow-Salisbury-Coleson Cove $600M 700 345kV Onslow-Salisbury ; HVDC to QC 2 $1.7B 1000 • Assumptions presented here would be subject to additional feasibility study if selected during the IRP modeling. • The transmission costs above are...

AI summary The text outlines transmission project costs, assumptions for the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), and pricing for firm imports, including capacity and energy provision based on Platts Analytics forecasts and emissions accounting standards. The projects are subject to feasibility studies and cost-sharing opportunities.

2020 IRP FINAL ASSUMPTIONS SET 92 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix B Page 94 of 112 DUAL FUEL CAPABILITY Given the known challenges associated with securing a cost-effective firm natural gas supply source, the economics and perm...

AI summary The document discusses the dual fuel capability of combined-cycle plants and peakers, which can use ULSD, kerosene, or distillate oil. While this provides flexibility and reliability, it also has challenges like increased emissions and a 7% cost adder. The use of oil is considered a backup when natural gas supply is constrained.

o oil or vice versa poses operational challenges and can jeopardize unit availability. • There are increased emissions associated with burning oil in lieu of natural gas for fuel assurance. • Oil refill during the peak heating season has p...

AI summary The text outlines challenges associated with dual fuel capability, including increased emissions, compliance costs, and permitting issues. It also mentions the development of a natural gas storage facility by AltaGas in Nova Scotia and the potential for NS Power to contract for storage capacity if new gas units are included in the IRP recommendation.

he amount of turns and resultant withdrawal rates, etc.) • As per the Dual Fuel Capability option, NS Power will study this option in detail if new gas units are part of the IRP recommendation 2020 IRP FINAL ASSUMPTIONS SET 97 Nova Scotia...

AI summary The document discusses the 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) assumptions, including the study of dual fuel capability and the impact of high utilization factors on sustaining capital costs for coal units. LNG alternatives are also explored as a method of gas delivery.

RP FINAL ASSUMPTIONS SET 106 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix B Page 108 of 112 SUMMARY (CONT.) • For IRP modeling, assumptions about cost and operational constraints to address these services will be considered. The assumptions...

AI summary The document outlines assumptions for the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) modeling, focusing on grid services required to accommodate inverter-based generation. Key grid services include ramping reserve, system strength, Volt-Ampere-Reactive support, and synchronous inertia. These will be modeled as dynamic constraints to ensure stable system operation with renewable resources.

essential grid services will be represented in the model as dynamic constraints, which will enable the model to integrate renewable resources at any level by ensuring provision of the services. 2020 IRP FINAL ASSUMPTIONS SET 108 Nova Scoti...

AI summary The document discusses the need for additional ramping and regulation reserves due to increased variability from renewable energy and coal unit retirements. It references a stability study that outlines the relationship between inverter-based generation and ramping reserve requirements, and presents an interconnection option to support renewable integration.

s to integrate an additional 400 MW of inverter-based generation, represented by a wind as a proxy. • Interconnection Option : A second 345 kV AC tie between Onslow NS and Salisbury NB. • Local mitigation Option : A 200 MVA Synchronous Con...

AI summary The document discusses options for integrating renewable energy into the Nova Scotia Power grid, including the installation of synchronous condensers, switched capacitor banks, and a 345 kV AC tie. It also outlines the costs and technical requirements for these integration measures.

folio Study phase is illustrated in Figure 3. Figure 3 - IRP Portfolio Study Modeling Approach KEY POLICY DRIVERS NS Power is proposing three key policy drivers to form the basis of scenarios: 1. Provincial clean energy policy (e.g. Sustai...

AI summary NS Power proposes three key policy drivers for the Integrated Resource Plan, including provincial clean energy policy focusing on greenhouse gas emissions and load changes due to electrification, as well as federal clean energy policy related to coal unit end dates. Three GHG scenarios are outlined to reflect potential outcomes of provincial carbon policy.

Zero 2045 Moderate Electrification 2040 Accelerated Net Zero 2045 Business as Usual 2040 Table 4 – Scenarios of Interest RESOURCE STRATEGIES Three resource strategies are proposed to ensure the IRP analysis covers key areas of importance a...

AI summary The document outlines three resource strategies for the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) analysis: Current Landscape, Distributed Resources, and Regional Integration. It also presents scenarios with different policy drivers and resource strategies, including associated load forecasts and sensitivities.

C - Regional Integration • No New Emitting Net Zero 2050 from 2030 to 0.5Mt High Electrification in 2050 3.1 GHG targets Mid Elec. 2030 B - Distributed Resources • DSM Levels decline from 2025 Base DSM C - Regional Integration • No New Emi...

AI summary The document outlines key scenarios for the 2020 Integrated Resource Plan, focusing on GHG reduction targets and electrification levels. It mentions the use of modeling tools like Plexos LT and E3’s RESOLVE model for scenario analysis and sensitivity evaluations.

Consistent with the scenario screening discussed above, additional scenarios may be tested using E3’s RESOLVE model to assess if they should be included as a key modeling run. SENSITIVITY ANALYSES Following completion of the portfolio stud...

AI summary NS Power will conduct sensitivity analyses using E3’s RESOLVE model to test various scenarios, including changes in renewable energy standards, fuel prices, and resource availability, as part of the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) modeling process. These analyses will help prioritize sensitivities and assess their impact on resource portfolios.

criteria against which potential plans and resource portfolios will evaluated under each scenario, as shown in Table 6 below: Metric Description Minimization of the cumulative present value of 25 year NPV Revenue Requirement the annual rev...

AI summary The document outlines criteria for evaluating potential plans and resource portfolios under different scenarios, including minimizing revenue requirements, reliability requirements, grid services, plan robustness, emissions reduction, and flexibility. These metrics are detailed in Table 6.

tion of constraints on future Qualitative assessment of timing of decisions arising from the selection of a particular investments path) Table 6 - Resource Plan Evaluation Criteria While the primary metric of plan value will continue to be...

AI summary The 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) outlines policy drivers such as provincial clean energy goals, greenhouse gas emissions reduction, and federal coal unit closure timelines. These drivers form the basis for various scenarios, including Net Zero 2050 and Accelerated Net Zero 2045, with different levels of electrification and coal closure dates.

2045 / High Electrification / 2030 Coal Closure The potential resource strategies, to be paired with scenarios to influence the constraints around portfolios, also emerged from scenario discussions: A - Current Landscape B - Distributed Re...

AI summary The document outlines various scenarios and resource strategies for achieving different greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets by 2030 and 2050, including current landscape, distributed resources promotion, and regional integration. These strategies are paired with electrification levels and demand-side management (DSM) approaches to form preliminary portfolio combinations for modeling.

ffects ($MM) $16,431 Essential Grid Services • Essential Grid Service requirements are met as modeled 10-yr NPVRR ($MM) $6,805 Resource Adequacy & PRM • Reliability Tie: 2035 • Regional Integration: n/a Average Annual Relative Rate Impact...

AI summary The document outlines key metrics from Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), including financial effects, CO2 emissions, and scenario evaluations. It highlights the Essential Grid Services, Resource Adequacy, and Plan Robustness, while noting non-compliance with the Sustainable Development Goals Act and increased exposure to natural gas prices.

1.0C L O W E L E C . / B A S E D S M / C O M PA R AT O R E M I S S I O N S / R E G I O N A L I N T E G R AT I O N Scenario Metrics & Evaluation 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $12,032 General Notes • Incremental firm imports enable an economic coal unit...

AI summary The document presents scenario metrics and evaluation for a 25-year Net Present Value Rate of Return (NPVRR) of $12,032 million, with considerations for coal unit retirements, reliability tie implementation in 2030, and regional interconnection construction in 2039. It highlights CO2 emissions reductions and mentions non-compliance with Sustainable Development Goals Act.

16 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix E Page 18 of 72 2.1B MID ELEC. / BASE DSM / NET ZERO 2050 / DISTRIBUTED RESOURCES 17 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix E Page 19 of 72 2.1B MID ELEC. / BASE DSM / NET ZERO 2050 / DIS...

AI summary The document presents scenario metrics and evaluation from Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Final Report. It includes 25-yr and 10-yr Net Present Value of Resource Recovery (NPVRR) figures, CO2 emissions projections, and notes on DER modeling, grid reliability, and emissions constraints.

21 of 72 2.1C M I D E L E C . / B A S E D S M / N E T Z E R O 2 0 5 0 / R E G I O N A L I N T E G R AT I O N Scenario Metrics & Evaluation 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $12,983 General Notes • Reliability Tie built in 2031 (earlier than previous runs)...

AI summary The document presents scenario metrics and evaluation for a 25-year Net Present Value Rate of Return (NPVRR) of $12,983 MM, with adjustments for end effects and considerations for reliability, resource adequacy, and emissions reduction targets under the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP). It includes details on coal unit retirements, grid services, and CO2 emissions.

nverted to gas in 2037 Essential Grid Services 10-yr NPVRR ($MM) $8,166 • Essential Grid Service requirements are met as modeled Resource Adequacy & PRM • Reliability Tie: 2030 Average Annual Relative Rate Impact • Regional Integration: n/...

AI summary The document discusses the Essential Grid Services, Resource Adequacy & PRM, and Plan Robustness & Flexibility under the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) for Nova Scotia Power. It highlights CO2 emissions, reliance on natural gas, and the impact of gas conversion builds on supply flexibility.

Page 25 of 72 2.2C H I G H E L E C . / M A X D S M / N E T Z E R O 2 0 5 0 / R E G I O N A L I N T E G R AT I O N Scenario Metrics & Evaluation 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $15,172 General Notes • Reliability Tie & Regional Interconnection built in 2...

AI summary The text presents scenario metrics and evaluation data from an Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) by Nova Scotia Power, including Net Present Value of Resource Recovery (NPVRR), carbon emissions, and grid reliability considerations. The scenarios consider coal-to-gas conversions, regional interconnection, and demand-side management strategies.

72 3.1C M I D E L E C . / B A S E D S M / A C C E L . N E T Z E R O 2 0 4 5 / R E G I O N A L I N T E G R AT I O N Scenario Metrics & Evaluation 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $13,576 General Notes • 1 coal to gas conversion in 2030 • Regional Intercon...

AI summary The document presents scenario metrics and evaluation data for two different Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) scenarios, focusing on Net Present Value of Resource Recovery (NPVRR), CO2 emissions, and grid reliability. Key elements include coal-to-gas conversion, regional interconnection, and solar energy deployment.

SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OVERVI EW In addition to the Final Portfolio Study, a series of model sensitivities has been studied to understand how model outputs will vary with adjustments to key input parameters of interest. On the following slid...

AI summary A sensitivity analysis has been conducted to evaluate the impact of varying key input parameters on model outputs, with several scenarios outlined, including different levels of electrification, DSM, wind cost, battery cost, inertia, and capex.

MID DSM) H I G H E L E C . / M I D D S M / N E T Z E R O 2 0 5 0 / R E G I O N A L I N T E G R AT I O N Scenario Metrics & Evaluation Sensitivity Base (2.2C) 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $14,721 $15,172 General Notes • Under the High Electrification...

AI summary The text discusses scenario metrics and evaluation under the High Electrification / Mid DSM sensitivity, comparing the 25-yr and 10-yr Net Present Value of Resource Recovery (NPVRR) figures. It highlights differences in infrastructure timing, coal retirement, and capacity changes between the Mid DSM case and the 2.2C base case, emphasizing GHG emission reductions and economic impacts.

(LOW DSM) L O W E L E C . / L O W D S M / N E T Z E R O 2 0 5 0 / R E G I O N A L I N T E G R AT I O N Scenario Metrics & Evaluation Sensitivity Base (2.0C) 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $12,087 $12,076 General Notes • Similar resource plan overall to...

AI summary The scenario analysis compares the Net Present Value of Resource Recovery (NPVRR) under a Low DSM scenario versus a 2.0C Base DSM scenario. The Low DSM scenario shows a delayed coal retirement and increased CO2 emissions in the 2030s, with incremental combustion turbine resources added by 2045. The NPVRR is slightly higher in the Low DSM scenario when end effects are considered.

(MAX DSM) L O W E L E C . / M A X D S M / N E T Z E R O 2 0 5 0 / R E G I O N A L I N T E G R AT I O N Scenario Metrics & Evaluation Sensitivity Base (2.0C) 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $12,858 $12,076 General Notes • Increased level of DSM deferred...

AI summary This document presents scenario metrics and evaluation for a DSM plan, showing increased NPVRR under different sensitivity scenarios. Key changes include deferred Reliability Tie to 2034, Regional Integration to 2040, and avoidance of 95MW of gas generation capacity. The average annual relative rate impact is also outlined for different time periods.

e time periods Essential Grid Services 10-yr NPVRR ($MM) $7,470 $7,179 • No change relative to 3.1C Resource Adequacy & PRM • Reliability Tie: 2029 Average Annual Relative Rate Impact • Regional Integration: 2030 2021-2030 (%) 1.9% 1.5% 20...

AI summary The document outlines essential grid services and resource adequacy considerations, including a 10-year NPVRR, reliability tie in 2029, and regional integration by 2030. It also compares new installed capacity under the 2.1C.WIND-1 scenario, with a focus on low wind cost assumptions and net-zero 2050 goals.

25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $12,820 $12,983 General Notes • Low wind price advances build of significant wind quantities from 2030 in base case to 2025; Reliability Tie is advanced as well to enable integration • Earlier build of Regional Interconne...

AI summary The document discusses the 25-year and 10-year Net Present Value of Resource Recovery (NPVRR) under different scenarios, highlighting changes in wind energy build timelines, reliability tie advancements, and coal unit retirements. It also notes impacts on CO2 emissions and rate impacts from 2021 to 2045.

2021-2030 (%) 0.7% 0.8% • NPVRR is reduced relative to 3.1C in two of three metrics, slightly higher in 10-yr NPV due 2021-2045 (%) 0.7% 0.8% to advancement of investment Essential Grid Services Total CO2 Emissions 2021-2030 (MT) 26.8 41.8...

AI summary The text discusses CO2 emissions projections and grid reliability considerations under different scenarios, including the impact of wind energy on grid inertia and the need for flexibility in energy imports. It also references the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and mentions reliability tie and regional integration timelines.

Scenario Metrics & Evaluation Sensitivity Base (2.1C) 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $12,901 $12,983 General Notes • Inertia constraint is lowered from base of 3266 MW.sec to 2200 MW.sec in all hours • Slight change to wind profile build is observed: •...

AI summary The document presents scenario metrics and evaluation results for a 25-year and 10-year NPVRR under a sensitivity scenario and base scenario (2.1C). Key changes include adjustments to inertia constraints, wind profile builds, and the timing of the Reliability Tie and wind build. The analysis indicates minimal impact on overall resource plan optimization.

overall resource plan optimization 2021-2030 (%) 0.7% 0.8% • Cost differences are small over all three NPV metrics 2021-2045 (%) 0.8% 0.8% Essential Grid Services • Current studies indicate that 2200MW.sec of online kinetic inertia is not...

AI summary The document discusses the optimization of the resource plan from 2021 to 2045, highlighting small cost differences across NPV metrics and the need for additional stability studies due to insufficient kinetic inertia. It also mentions CO2 emissions and reliability tie and regional integration timelines.

RATI ON) M I D E L E C . / B A S E D S M / N E T Z E R O 2 0 5 0 / R E G I O N A L I N T E G R AT I O N Scenario Metrics & Evaluation Sensitivity Base (2.1C) 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $12,918 $12,983 General Notes • Model builds more wind relative...

AI summary The document presents scenario metrics and evaluations for a 25-year and 10-year Net Present Value of Resource Recovery (NPVRR) under a sensitivity scenario compared to a base case (2.1C). Additional wind capacity is added, and a coal-to-gas conversion is implemented, leading to higher curtailment and increased NPVRR values.

ent and replacement energy costs, NPVs incorporating MT/ST Production 10-yr NPVRR ($MM) $6,996 $7,022 Costs are not significantly lower than the base scenario 2.1C Essential Grid Services • This run is intended as a test case to understand...

AI summary The text discusses the financial and environmental impacts of different energy scenarios, including NPVRR, CO2 emissions, and grid reliability considerations. It highlights the importance of grid services, reliability tie, and regional integration in managing wind energy penetration and ensuring system flexibility.

Scenario Metrics & Evaluation Sensitivity Base (2.1C) 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $12,939 $12,983 General Notes • While the Mersey system was economically retained in the screening phase, this sensitivity was completed in order to understand how cap...

AI summary The document presents sensitivity analysis results for a 25-year and 10-year Net Present Value of Resource Recovery (NPVRR) under different scenarios, including the retirement of Mersey Hydro in 2025 and adjustments to regional integration and wind build timelines. It also discusses the impact of Mersey decommissioning on grid stability and associated costs.

• No change relative to 2.1C 2021-2030 (%) 1.1% 0.8% 2021-2045 (%) 0.8% 0.8% Resource Adequacy & PRM • Reliability Tie: 2024 Total CO2 Emissions 2021-2030 (MT) 43.5 41.8 • Regional Integration: 2026 Total CO2 Emissions 2031-2045 (MT) 35.1...

AI summary The document presents comparative data on CO2 emissions and resource adequacy for different timeframes and scenarios, including a reliability tie in 2024 and regional integration in 2026. It also includes a comparison of new installed capacity in 2045 under the 2.1C scenario.

SE DSM / NET ZERO 2050 / CURRENT LANDSCAPE Scenario Metrics & Evaluation Sensitivity Base (2.0A) 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $12,470 $12,193 General Notes • Without the ability to build the Reliability Tie, wind is built via the local integration op...

AI summary The text presents scenario metrics and evaluation for a DSM plan under the Net Zero 2050 initiative, comparing base and sensitivity scenarios. Key findings include higher costs in the sensitivity scenario due to reliance on local integration options like batteries and synchronous condensers, as well as impacts on grid services and resource adequacy.

25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $13,361 $12,983 General Notes • High case is modeled as a +50% increase in annual Sustaining Capital estimates for all thermal steam units (gas and coal) • Reliability Tie is built 6 years earlier and Regional Interconnec...

AI summary The document presents financial and environmental impacts of different scenarios for a 25-year and 10-year period, including changes in capital estimates, retirements of gas and coal units, and the impact on CO2 emissions. These scenarios involve adjustments to infrastructure timelines and resource replacements, affecting NPVRR and emissions outcomes.

and wind builds are delayed in line with later coal unit retirement date 10-yr NPVRR ($MM) $6,887 $7,022 but final resource plan is essentially unchanged from 2.1C Essential Grid Services • No significant change from 2.1C Average Annual Re...

AI summary The Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) shows minimal changes in resource planning despite delays in wind builds and coal unit retirements. CO2 emissions are slightly reduced over the 2021-2045 period, and average annual rate impacts remain stable. The plan includes Essential Grid Services, Resource Adequacy, and PRM timelines, with no significant changes from the 2.1C version.

PRICES) M I D E L E C . / B A S E D S M / N E T Z E R O 2 0 5 0 / R E G I O N A L I N T E G R AT I O N Scenario Metrics & Evaluation Sensitivity Base (2.1C) 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $13,854 $12,983 General Notes • Under this sensitivity, gas and...

AI summary The document presents scenario metrics and evaluation results for a 25-year and 10-year Net Present Value of Resource Recovery (NPVRR) under a sensitivity case with increased gas and import prices. The analysis shows minimal changes to the resource plan, with some additions of solar and adjustments to gas turbine retirements and battery capacity. The average annual relative rate impact remains stable.

e Impact 2021-2030 (%) 1.1% 0.8% Essential Grid Services 2021-2045 (%) 1.1% 0.8% • No significant change from 2.1C Resource Adequacy & PRM Total CO2 Emissions 2021-2030 (MT) 41.8 41.8 • Reliability Tie: 2029 Total CO2 Emissions 2031-2045 (...

AI summary The document outlines CO2 emissions projections for Nova Scotia Power from 2021 to 2045, showing minimal changes in emissions and grid reliability. It also includes release notes for data tables related to the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) modeling results from PLEXOS simulations.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix F Page 5 of 25 2.1C.WIND-1 (Low Wind Cost) Emission Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 CO2 (k tonnes...

AI summary The table presents emission data for Nova Scotia Power's Wind-1 project from 2021 to 2045, showing reductions in CO2, Hg, NOx, and SO2 emissions over time. The data highlights a significant decrease in emissions starting from 2025, with complete elimination of NOx and SO2 emissions by 2040.

31 30 29 27 26 26 26 26 20 20 18 17 13 13 14 15 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.1C.WIND-4 (No Inertia / No Integrati Emission Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044...

AI summary The text presents emission data for various pollutants (CO2, Hg, NOx, SO2) across multiple years, showing a general decline in emissions over time, with specific values for each year from 2021 to 2045.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 51 51 74 74 74 74 74 124 124 124 124 124 524 524 524 524 525 525 528 528 528 528 530 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The text presents data on various energy generation and demand response resources over time, including wind, solar, CAES, demand response, and battery storage capacities. The data shows fluctuations in capacity across different years and technologies.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 450 450 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The document presents data on various energy resources and their contributions over time, including wind, solar, CAES, demand response, firm imports, and battery storage capacities. The data shows fluctuations and trends in the contribution levels of these resources.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 50 50 50 50 50 50 100 100 300 350 450 450 450 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The document presents data on various energy generation and demand response capacities over time. Wind energy shows a steady increase, while solar, CAES, and battery storage capacities remain low or static. Demand response capacity fluctuates slightly but remains relatively stable.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 400 450 450 450 450 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The text presents numerical data on various energy sources and demand response over time, indicating fluctuations and trends in energy generation and response capacity. Wind, Demand Response, Firm Imports, and Battery storage capacities are highlighted with varying values across different time periods.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 49 49 149 149 149 649 649 649 649 649 649 649 649 649 649 649 649 649 684 721 721 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The text presents data on the deployment of various energy resources over time, including wind, solar, compressed air energy storage (CAES), demand response, and battery storage systems (1hr and 4hr). The data shows increasing capacity for wind and demand response, while solar and CAES remain at zero. Battery 1hr capacity decreases to zero after a certain point, and Battery 4hr capacity fluctuates.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 33 33 33 33 33 133 133 133 133 133 283 333 383 433 533 533 533 533 533 533 533 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The text presents a table showing the capacity contributions of various energy sources over time, including wind, solar, CAES, demand response, firm imports, and batteries. Wind and firm imports show increasing capacity, while solar and CAES remain at zero. Demand response capacity peaks and then declines slightly, and battery capacities vary with some entries showing zero.

2.1C MW/units Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Existing Coal Retirements 0 0 1 Unit 1 Unit 1 Unit 1 Unit 1 Unit 1 Unit 1 Unit 1 Unit...

AI summary The table outlines the planned retirements and additions of various generator types from 2021 to 2045, showing the phase-out of coal and gas units and the introduction of new gas units, including compressed air energy storage (CAES), over time.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 12 112 112 112 112 362 412 612 612 612 612 612 612 612 612 612 612 612 612 612 612 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The text presents data on various energy generation and demand response sources over time, including wind, solar, compressed air energy storage (CAES), demand response, firm imports, and battery storage capacities. The data shows varying levels of contribution from each source across different time periods.

2.2A MW/units Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Existing Coal Retirements 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Units 2 Units 4 Units 7 U...

AI summary The table outlines the planned retirements and additions of various electricity generation units from 2021 to 2045, including coal, gas, and biomass. It provides a detailed breakdown of existing retirements, new gas capacity, and conversions over time.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 90 90 190 190 190 490 640 640 640 640 790 790 790 790 790 790 839 871 920 968 1,010 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The text presents a table with data related to various energy generation and storage technologies, showing their contributions over time. Wind, Demand Response, and Battery storage (1hr and 4hr) are highlighted with specific values for each year, while Solar and CAES show no contributions.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 25 25 75 75 75 125 525 575 725 725 725 725 725 725 725 725 725 725 725 725 725 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The table presents data on various energy resources, including wind, solar, CAES, demand response, firm imports, and battery storage capacities over time. The data shows increasing capacity for wind and demand response, while solar and CAES remain at zero. Battery storage capacities vary, with Battery 1hr showing a decline after a certain period and Battery 4hr showing minimal capacity.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 21 21 21 21 421 521 521 521 521 521 521 521 521 521 521 521 521 521 521 521 524 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The text presents data on various energy sources and demand response over time, showing fluctuations in capacity contributions from wind, solar, compressed air energy storage (CAES), demand response, firm imports, and battery storage systems (1hr and 4hr). The data highlights trends in energy generation and demand management strategies.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 186 186 286 286 736 786 786 786 786 786 786 786 786 786 786 786 786 799 819 861 877 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 210 460 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The text presents data on various energy sources and their capacities over time, including wind, solar, compressed air energy storage (CAES), demand response, firm imports, and battery storage (1hr and 4hr). The data shows fluctuations and growth in capacity for each energy source across different time periods.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 21 21 271 321 471 521 521 521 521 521 521 521 521 521 521 521 534 588 638 686 728 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The text presents data on various energy generation and demand response sources over time, including wind, solar, compressed air energy storage (CAES), demand response, firm imports, and battery storage capacities. It outlines the capacity levels for each source across different time periods.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 171 171 221 221 521 821 821 871 871 871 871 871 871 871 916 979 1,004 1,021 1,069 1,117 1,157 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 210 400 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The text provides data on energy generation and demand response over time, including contributions from wind, solar, compressed air energy storage (CAES), demand response, firm imports, and battery storage (1hr and 4hr). The data shows varying levels of output and capacity for each source across different periods.

2.0A.DSM-1 (Mid DSM) MW/units Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Existing Coal Retirements 0 0 1 Unit 1 Unit 1 Unit 1 Unit 1 Unit 1 Un...

AI summary The text presents a table outlining the planned retirements and additions of various types of generators, including coal, gas, and biomass, from 2021 to 2045. It details the phased retirement of coal and gas units, as well as the addition of new gas combined cycle (CC) and combustion turbine (CT) units over time.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 50 51 54 54 54 54 54 204 254 354 404 504 504 504 504 504 504 504 504 504 504 504 504 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The text presents a table with data on various energy sources and their capacities over time, including Wind, Solar, CAES, Demand Response, Firm Imports, and Battery storage (1hr and 4hr). The data shows fluctuations in capacity for Wind and Demand Response, while Solar and CAES remain at zero. Battery 1hr capacity increases from 10 to 20 and then back to 10, and Battery 4hr capacity shows minimal changes.

2.1C.DSM-2 (Mid DSM) MW/units Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Existing Coal Retirements 0 0 1 Unit 1 Unit 1 Unit 1 Unit 1 Unit 1 Un...

AI summary The table outlines the projected retirements and additions of various power generation units from 2021 to 2045, focusing on coal, gas, and biomass. It includes retirements of existing coal and gas units, as well as new gas and biomass units added over time.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 10 60 110 110 110 560 560 560 560 560 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The table presents data on various energy resources and their capacities over time, with Wind and Firm Imports showing significant increases, while Solar, CAES, and Battery 4hr show limited or no capacity changes. Demand Response capacity initially increases and then gradually decreases.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 418 468 618 618 618 618 618 618 718 718 730 730 730 730 730 730 730 730 730 730 730 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The text presents numerical data on various energy sources and demand response over time, including wind, solar, compressed air energy storage (CAES), demand response, firm imports, and battery storage capacities. The data shows trends and changes in output and capacity for each source.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 59 59 109 109 109 109 309 409 409 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The document presents data on energy sources and demand response over time, showing fluctuations in wind, solar, CAES, demand response, firm imports, and battery storage capacities. The data highlights changes in energy generation and storage capabilities across different time intervals.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 1 1 3 53 53 53 53 353 353 353 353 403 453 503 503 503 503 504 504 504 504 504 504 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The document presents a table outlining the generation and demand response capacities for various energy sources over time. Wind, Demand Response, Firm Imports, and Battery storage capacities are detailed across multiple years, indicating growth and changes in energy infrastructure.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 31 139 139 139 139 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 739 748 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 550 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The document presents a table with energy generation and demand response data across various technologies and time periods. Wind, Solar, CAES, Demand Response, Firm Imports, and Battery storage capacities are listed with corresponding values over multiple years.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 100 101 631 631 631 631 631 631 631 631 631 631 631 631 631 631 631 631 631 631 631 631 634 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The text presents data on various energy sources and their capacities over time, including wind, solar, CAES, demand response, firm imports, and battery storage. The data shows fluctuations and growth in capacity for wind and firm imports, while solar and CAES remain unchanged. Demand response capacity decreases slightly over time, and battery storage capacities are minimal.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 300 600 676 676 676 676 676 676 676 676 676 676 676 676 676 676 676 676 676 676 676 676 681 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The text presents data on various energy resources, including wind, solar, CAES, demand response, firm imports, and battery storage capacities over time. Wind and firm imports show significant increases, while solar and CAES remain unchanged. Demand response and battery capacities show fluctuations, with battery 1hr decreasing after a certain point.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 50 53 103 103 103 103 103 303 403 453 603 603 603 603 603 603 603 603 603 603 603 603 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The text presents a table with various energy sources and their associated values across different time periods. Wind, Firm Imports, Battery 1hr, and Battery 4hr show varying levels of activity, while Solar and CAES remain at zero. Demand Response shows a gradual decline over time.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 50 150 300 300 550 550 550 550 650 650 700 700 850 850 900 900 1,000 1,050 1,100 1,100 1,250 1,250 1,250 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The document presents a table with energy generation and demand data across various sources, including wind, solar, CAES, demand response, firm imports, and battery storage capacities over time. The data shows varying contributions from each source, with wind and demand response showing significant changes, while solar and CAES remain at zero.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 10 10 10 10 60 60 60 610 610 610 610 610 612 612 612 612 612 612 612 612 612 612 613 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The text presents numerical data related to various energy sources and demand response over multiple time periods. Wind, Demand Response, Firm Imports, and Battery storage capacities are highlighted with varying values across different years or intervals.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 300 300 300 300 300 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The document presents data on various energy sources and demand response over time, showing increasing contributions from wind and firm imports, with demand response levels fluctuating slightly. Solar, CAES, and battery storage contributions are minimal or zero in most periods.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 150 150 150 150 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 338 346 353 383 383 383 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The document presents data on various energy resources, including wind, solar, CAES, demand response, firm imports, and battery storage capacities over time. The figures indicate varying levels of capacity for each resource across different time periods.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 56 106 106 106 106 556 606 606 606 606 606 606 606 606 606 606 606 606 606 606 606 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The text presents data on various energy sources and demand response contributions over time. Wind and Firm Imports show significant increases, while Solar and CAES remain at zero. Demand Response fluctuates slightly, and Battery 1hr and Battery 4hr show limited contributions.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 153 253 303 303 303 553 553 553 553 603 603 603 603 603 603 603 603 603 603 603 603 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The text presents a table showing energy generation and demand response data over time, with Wind, Solar, CAES, Demand Response, Firm Imports, and Battery storage capacities listed for different time periods. The data reflects varying levels of energy production and demand response contributions.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 15 15 15 15 15 115 315 465 565 615 615 615 615 615 615 615 616 616 616 616 616 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The text presents data on energy sources and demand response over time, showing trends for wind, solar, CAES, demand response, firm imports, and battery storage. Wind and firm imports show significant increases, while solar and CAES remain flat. Demand response decreases gradually, and battery storage shows initial deployment followed by a decline.

2.1C.PRICES-1 (High Import & GaMW/units Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Existing Coal Retirements 0 0 1 Unit 1 Unit 1 Unit 1 Unit 1...

AI summary The table outlines the planned retirements and additions of various electricity generation units from 2021 to 2045, including coal, gas, and renewable sources, highlighting the phase-out of existing coal and gas units and the introduction of new gas units and compressed air energy storage.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind 0 0 0 0 53 103 103 103 103 403 403 603 603 603 603 603 603 607 612 612 612 612 612 612 616 Solar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 10 10 10 10 70 70 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The text presents a table showing the capacity contributions of various energy sources over time, including Wind, Solar, CAES, Demand Response, Firm Imports, and Battery storage (1hr and 4hr). The numbers represent the capacity in MW for each year from 2010 to 2030.

4 Diesel CTs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 4 3 4 1 2 Maritime Link Blocks 1,133 1,133 1,133 1,134 1,133 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 Demand Response 0 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3...

AI summary The text presents data on various energy resources and capacities over time, including Diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, Demand Response, Non Firm Market, CAES, Battery Generation, and Firm Imports, with numerical values indicating their capacities across different time periods.

1.0C GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 3,966 3,713 3,624 3,607 3,546 3,546 3,455 3,517 3,248 1,900 1,864 1,766 1,745 1,759 1...

AI summary The text provides a table showing the generation output from various sources (coal, gas, and hydro) over the years from 2021 to 2045. It outlines the gradual decline in coal generation and the introduction of new gas generation sources, including compressed air energy storage (CAES) and combined cycle (CCs) and combustion turbine (CTs) units.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Domestic Hydro 894 890 892 890 913 913 914 914 915 1,011 1,011 1,011 1,010 1,012 1,010 1,011 1,010 1,011 1,000 999 992 1,002 1,002 1,003 1,005 Tidal 0 0 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26...

AI summary The text presents a table with energy generation data across various sources including Domestic Hydro, Tidal, Biomass, Wind, Solar, and Diesel CTs over a period of time. The data shows fluctuations in energy production levels for each source.

4 Diesel CTs 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 1 0 3 2 3 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Maritime Link Blocks 1,133 1,133 1,133 1,134 1,133 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 893 894 894 894 894 893 894 894 893 Demand Response 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 2...

AI summary The text presents numerical data related to various energy generation and demand response resources across different time periods, including Diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, Demand Response, Non Firm Market, CAES, Battery Generation, and Firm Imports.

2.0A GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 4,022 3,784 3,788 3,643 3,427 3,588 3,485 3,562 3,506 3,060 3,013 2,419 2,235 2,068 2...

AI summary The table presents electricity generation data by fuel type from 2021 to 2045, showing a decline in coal generation and an increase in gas generation, including new combined cycle (CCs) and combustion turbine (CTs) units, with domestic hydro not detailed in the provided data.

2.0C GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 4,004 3,713 3,597 3,615 3,418 3,563 3,621 3,556 3,493 2,024 2,003 1,871 1,848 1,854 1...

AI summary The document provides a table showing the generation output from different energy sources (coal, gas) across various years from 2021 to 2045, with specific values for each year and energy type. This data outlines the projected decline in coal generation and the increasing role of gas-based generation, including new and converted facilities.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Domestic Hydro 893 893 892 893 914 915 915 915 914 1,010 1,011 1,011 1,010 1,011 1,010 1,011 1,006 1,000 997 1,001 1,000 1,010 1,008 1,006 1,000 Tidal 0 0 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26...

AI summary The document presents a table with energy generation data across various sources including Domestic Hydro, Tidal, Biomass, Wind, Solar, and Diesel CTs over a period of time, showing fluctuations in output levels.

4 4 4 Diesel CTs 0 0 1 1 0 6 5 6 4 4 3 2 2 2 3 5 1 1 0 1 0 4 5 4 5 Maritime Link Blocks 1,133 1,133 1,133 1,134 1,133 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 893 893 894 894 894 894 894 894 893 893 893 894 894 Demand Response 0 1 1 2 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 3 3...

AI summary The text presents numerical data related to various energy generation and management components, including Diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, Demand Response, Non Firm Market, CAES, Battery Generation, and Firm Imports. These figures appear to represent capacity or usage metrics across different time periods.

2.1A GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 4,026 3,733 3,707 3,772 3,473 3,488 3,470 3,452 3,382 1,939 1,946 1,911 1,920 1,956 1...

AI summary The text presents a table showing the generation output (in GWh) by fuel type from 2021 to 2045. It details the declining output from coal and the increasing contribution from new gas technologies such as compressed air energy storage (CAES) and combined cycle (CCs) and combustion turbine (CTs) generators.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 29 25 26 16 0 Domestic Hydro 893 891 892 891 914 915 915 915 915 1,010 1,012 1,012 1,011 1,011 1,011 1,012 1,012 1,011 1,012 1,010 1,009 1,009 1,013 1,016 1,095 Tidal 0 0 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 2...

AI summary The text presents data on energy generation from various sources, including Domestic Hydro, Tidal, Biomass, Wind, Solar, and Diesel CTs, across multiple time periods. It shows fluctuations in output levels for each energy source over the years.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 2 2 44 55 56 51 47 58 Domestic Hydro 894 893 893 893 915 915 915 914 914 1,006 1,006 1,006 1,007 1,004 1,011 1,011 1,011 1,006 1,005 1,007 1,011 1,011 1,010 1,010 1,008 Tidal 0 0 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26...

AI summary The document presents numerical data representing energy generation across various sources in Nova Scotia, including Domestic Hydro, Tidal, Biomass, Wind, Solar, and Diesel CTs, with varying outputs over time.

4 4 4 Diesel CTs 1 1 0 1 2 3 8 3 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 2 3 3 0 Maritime Link Blocks 1,133 1,133 1,133 1,134 1,133 894 894 894 893 893 893 894 893 893 894 894 893 894 893 894 893 893 893 894 893 Demand Response 0 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3...

AI summary The text presents numerical data related to various energy resources and capacities, including Diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, Demand Response, Non Firm Market, CAES, Battery Generation, and Firm Imports over a period of time. The data reflects fluctuations in capacity and generation levels.

26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Biomass 335 348 354 354 352 347 353 352 348 361 359 349 355 356 360 352 353 353 361 354 355 354 354 357 360 Wind 1,903 1,898 1,899 1,899 1,941 2,272 2,273 2,272 2,270 3,105 3,253 3,766 3,7...

AI summary The document presents a table with data on various energy sources and their contributions over time, including biomass, wind, solar, diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, Demand Response, and Non Firm Market, with figures varying across different periods.

2.2A GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 4,005 3,805 3,875 3,888 3,448 3,547 3,391 3,383 3,458 2,466 2,224 2,236 2,261 2,342 2...

AI summary The table presents electricity generation data by source from 2021 to 2045, showing a decline in coal generation and an increase in gas generation, particularly from new combined cycle and conversion plants. Domestic hydro and tidal generation remain relatively stable, while biomass generation is noted for 2021 and 2022.

26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Biomass 336 353 350 350 349 357 342 346 344 353 349 347 348 352 361 363 362 376 350 361 359 359 358 369 416 Wind 1,903 1,904 1,904 1,902 2,210 2,210 2,549 2,549 2,549 3,517 3,916 3,919...

AI summary The document presents data on energy generation sources such as biomass, wind, solar, diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, demand response, and Non Firm Market over a period of time. The data highlights fluctuations in energy production, particularly in wind and biomass, with notable increases in certain years.

26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Biomass 337 347 348 351 351 368 350 354 361 363 349 348 343 348 350 351 357 358 361 354 355 355 352 353 360 Wind 1,903 1,899 1,900 1,896 1,985 1,984 2,151 2,152 2,149 2,306 3,556 3,690 4,0...

AI summary The text presents data on various energy sources and their capacities over time, including biomass, wind, solar, diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, Demand Response, and Non Firm Market. The data shows fluctuations in capacity for each energy source across different periods.

3.1B GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 3,956 3,706 3,602 3,538 3,291 3,251 3,275 3,179 1,140 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The table presents projected electricity generation output in gigawatt-hours (GWh) from various sources including coal, gas (existing and new), domestic hydro, and tidal energy across multiple years from 2021 to 2045. Coal generation is expected to decline significantly over time, while gas and hydro sources show more stable or increasing trends.

0 0 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Biomass 331 344 353 354 348 348 342 343 346 350 350 348 344 346 347 350 352 350 353 351 351 357 356 365 408 Wind 1,903 1,900 1,900 1,899 1,970 1,964 1,964 1,962 3,212...

AI summary The text presents data on various energy generation sources, including biomass, wind, solar, diesel CTs, and Maritime Link Blocks, along with demand response and non-firm market contributions over a period of time. The data highlights fluctuations in output levels for each source.

3.1C GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 3,998 3,758 3,711 3,729 3,061 3,207 2,979 3,040 1,108 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0...

AI summary The document presents a table showing the generation output in gigawatt-hours (GWh) for various energy sources from 2021 to 2045, with a focus on the decline of coal generation and the increasing contribution from gas and hydroelectric sources, including tidal energy.

0 0 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Biomass 332 350 357 356 348 351 342 345 349 352 356 354 354 355 354 358 363 359 370 363 361 372 401 405 413 Wind 1,903 1,899 1,899 1,897 2,530 2,530 2,846 2,849 4,116...

AI summary The text presents data on various energy generation sources and their capacities over time, including biomass, wind, solar, diesel combined turbines, and the Maritime Link Blocks. It also includes information on demand response and non-firm market capacities.

0 0 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Biomass 335 351 345 350 343 349 348 349 344 351 354 350 349 350 350 351 354 351 358 351 353 361 371 411 410 Wind 1,903 1,896 1,898 1,898 1,968 1,972 2,805 2,933 3,319...

AI summary The text presents data on various energy sources and their capacities over time, including biomass, wind, solar, diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, demand response, and non-firm market contributions. It highlights fluctuations and trends in energy generation and capacity.

0 0 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Biomass 334 346 345 355 351 352 348 346 359 354 360 353 354 355 354 358 364 359 363 364 366 385 410 414 417 Wind 1,903 1,900 1,897 1,899 2,479 2,479 2,638 2,641 3,592...

AI summary The text presents data on various energy generation sources and their capacities over time, including biomass, wind, solar, diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, demand response, and non-firm market contributions. The data indicates fluctuations and trends in capacity from 2000 to 2020.

2.0A.DSM-1 (Mid DSM) GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 4,007 3,774 3,469 3,400 3,219 3,356 3,365 3,103 3,120 2,440 2,243 2,1...

AI summary The table outlines the projected generation output (in GWh) from various energy sources (coal, gas, hydro, tidal) across multiple years from 2021 to 2045. It includes existing and new generation technologies such as coal, gas with carbon capture and storage (CCS), gas with combined cycle (CTs) and reciprocating engines, and domestic hydroelectric and tidal energy.

0 0 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Biomass 333 353 349 344 338 343 338 364 363 357 352 345 343 346 352 350 350 349 359 359 360 362 360 362 359 Wind 1,903 1,903 2,073 2,078 2,088 2,088 2,088 2,089 2,090...

AI summary The document presents data on energy generation sources, including biomass, wind, solar, diesel CTs, and Maritime Link Blocks, along with demand response and non-firm market contributions over a period of time. It outlines the fluctuation in generation capacity for each source.

2.1C.DSM-2 (Mid DSM) GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 4,044 3,696 3,618 3,552 3,372 3,341 3,264 3,287 3,334 1,818 1,676 1,6...

AI summary The text presents a table with data on electricity generation by source across multiple years, showing decreasing coal generation and increasing contributions from gas and renewable sources like tidal and domestic hydro.

0 0 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Biomass 335 351 351 354 361 346 345 344 343 352 347 343 346 348 346 347 348 351 341 353 356 355 352 354 357 Wind 1,903 1,900 1,899 1,901 1,933 2,099 2,262 2,267 2,259...

AI summary The text presents numerical data related to various energy sources and programs, including biomass, wind, solar, diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, demand response, and non-firm market participation, across multiple time periods.

1,317 1,272 1,322 1,494 1,522 1,501 1,511 1,484 1,396 1,399 1,399 1,449 1,598 1,607 1,625 1,615 1,596 1,617 CAES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Battery Generation 0.48 0.57 0.54 2.40 7.35 8.48 10.52 9.66 12.08 17.81 15.9...

AI summary The document presents numerical data related to energy generation and imports over a period of time, including details on CAES, battery generation, and firm imports. It is part of an annual energy balance report from Nova Scotia Power's IRP Final Report Appendix F.

2.2C.DSM-3 (Mid DSM) GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 3,992 3,801 3,820 3,792 2,634 1,931 1,678 1,761 1,809 1,742 1,795 1,8...

AI summary The table presents the projected generation output (in GWh) from various energy sources (coal, gas, and hydro) across multiple years, with specific emphasis on the 'Mid DSM' scenario. It outlines the decline in coal generation and the gradual increase in gas and hydro generation over time.

1,133 1,133 1,134 1,133 894 894 894 893 893 893 894 894 894 894 894 894 893 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 Demand Response 0 0 1 2 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Non Firm Market 2,299 1,347 1,344 1,329 1,347 1,455 1,387 1,384 1,371...

AI summary The text presents numerical data across various categories, including Demand Response, Non Firm Market, CAES, Battery Generation, and Firm Imports. The data appears to represent values over time, likely related to energy production, consumption, or market activities.

2.0C.DSM-4 (Low DSM) GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 4,017 3,735 3,663 3,680 3,443 3,383 3,342 3,397 3,325 3,056 2,603 2,3...

AI summary The table presents projected generation outputs for various energy sources from 2021 to 2045 under the Low DSM scenario, showing declining coal generation and increasing contributions from gas and domestic hydroelectric sources.

estic Hydro 892 892 893 893 915 914 915 915 913 1,010 1,011 1,011 1,012 1,012 1,012 1,012 1,005 1,002 1,004 1,005 1,004 1,006 1,008 1,008 1,009 Tidal 0 0 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Biomass 333 351...

AI summary The document presents a series of numerical values representing energy generation and related infrastructure metrics across various sources such as hydro, tidal, biomass, wind, solar, diesel CTs, and Maritime Link Blocks over a period of time.

stic Hydro 894 893 892 892 915 915 915 915 915 1,011 1,011 59 1,012 1,011 1,011 1,011 1,012 1,011 1,011 1,011 1,011 1,011 1,012 1,011 1,012 Tidal 0 0 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 59 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Biomass 339 354 356...

AI summary The text presents a table with numerical data over multiple years, likely representing energy generation or capacity figures from various sources such as hydro, tidal, biomass, wind, solar, diesel, and the Maritime Link Blocks. The data shows fluctuations and trends in output across different years.

0 0 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Biomass 337 349 354 350 345 342 343 340 341 346 350 355 353 356 348 352 346 351 353 356 360 359 360 362 363 Wind 1,904 1,900 1,900 1,898 1,897 1,899 1,895 1,898 1,894...

AI summary The document presents data on various energy generation sources, including biomass, wind, solar, diesel CTs, and Maritime Link Blocks, along with demand response and non-firm market contributions over a period of time. The data highlights fluctuations in output and capacity.

0 0 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Biomass 337 351 354 350 347 352 345 349 342 352 357 353 355 355 355 358 359 361 365 360 360 367 392 402 410 Wind 1,903 1,897 1,899 2,007 2,369 2,370 2,372 2,369 4,053...

AI summary The text presents data on energy generation sources, including biomass, wind, solar, diesel CTs, and Maritime Link Blocks, alongside demand response and non-firm market contributions over a period of time. The data highlights fluctuations in generation levels across different sources.

2.1C.WIND-1 (Low Wind Cost) GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 3,999 3,766 3,324 3,382 1,948 1,690 1,660 1,681 1,678 1,525 1,...

AI summary The table presents electricity generation data by source and year, showing the production of various energy sources including coal, gas (existing, new CCs, CTs & Recips, conversion), domestic hydro, and tidal from 2021 to 2045. It highlights a decline in coal generation and an increase in gas and hydro sources over time.

0 0 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Biomass 333 350 346 345 344 340 340 345 345 345 346 347 342 348 350 352 351 350 346 353 356 354 353 350 353 Wind 1,902 1,896 2,231 2,242 3,817 3,817 3,822 3,819 3,802...

AI summary The document presents data on various energy sources and their contributions over time, including biomass, wind, solar, diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, Demand Response, and Non Firm Market. The data shows fluctuations and trends in energy generation and demand response across different periods.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Domestic Hydro 890 891 893 893 914 915 915 915 915 1,011 1,011 1,011 1,012 1,011 1,011 1,010 1,010 1,008 1,003 1,008 1,007 1,010 1,009 1,010 1,009 Tidal 0 0 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26...

AI summary The document presents numerical data on various energy generation sources over time, including Domestic Hydro, Tidal, Biomass, Wind, Solar, and Diesel CTs, with varying values across different time periods.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Domestic Hydro 892 893 893 893 915 915 915 915 915 1,010 1,012 1,011 1,011 1,002 999 1,007 1,006 999 1,000 1,008 1,008 1,010 1,008 1,008 1,008 Tidal 0 0 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 2...

AI summary The text presents numerical data related to various energy generation sources, including Domestic Hydro, Tidal, Biomass, Wind, Solar, and Diesel CTs, across multiple time points. The data shows fluctuations in generation levels over time, with Wind and Domestic Hydro showing the most significant variations.

4 4 4 4 Diesel CTs 0 1 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 Maritime Link Blocks 1,133 1,133 1,133 1,134 1,133 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 894 893 894 894 894 893 894 894 894 893 Demand Response 0 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3...

AI summary The text presents data on various energy generation and demand response capacities over time, including diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, demand response, non firm market, and CAES and battery generation. The data indicates fluctuations in capacity levels across different years.

4 4 4 4 Diesel CTs 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 4 4 3 5 4 4 7 5 7 4 3 2 3 4 4 Maritime Link Blocks 1,133 1,133 1,133 1,134 1,133 894 893 894 893 893 893 894 893 893 893 894 893 893 893 893 893 893 893 893 893 Demand Response 0 1 1 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3...

AI summary The document presents data on various energy generation and demand management resources over time, including diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, demand response, non firm market capacity, and CAES and battery generation capacities. These figures show fluctuations and trends in capacity levels across different time periods.

2.1C.Mersey GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 3,995 3,728 3,721 3,866 3,737 3,753 3,483 3,536 3,602 1,523 1,485 1,489 1,473...

AI summary The table presents electricity generation data from Mersey, including coal, gas, hydro, tidal, and biomass sources from 2021 to 2045. It shows a decline in coal generation and the introduction of new gas generation technologies over time.

6 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Biomass 334 352 346 355 354 388 374 373 369 351 346 346 348 349 352 351 355 357 343 352 355 353 357 354 356 Wind 1,904 1,899 1,934 1,933 1,936 1,934 2,104 2,103 2,101 3,760 3,751 3,757 3,76...

AI summary The text presents a table with data on various energy sources and their contributions over time, including biomass, wind, solar, diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, Demand Response, Non Firm Market, and CAES. The numbers represent varying levels of contribution across different periods.

2.1C.Import-1 (Limited Non-Firm GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 4,715 4,465 4,141 4,236 3,331 2,587 2,600 2,539 2,747 1,97...

AI summary The document presents a table showing the projected generation capacity from various sources, including coal, gas, hydro, tidal, and biomass, across multiple years from 2021 to 2045. It outlines the expected contribution of each energy source over time, highlighting a decline in coal and an increase in gas and renewable sources.

6 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Biomass 342 358 377 393 375 356 354 362 362 362 355 355 356 355 356 358 356 365 369 360 363 364 363 364 368 Wind 1,902 1,899 1,900 1,903 2,907 2,893 2,900 2,907 2,900 3,704 3,699 3,700 3,70...

AI summary The document presents data on various energy generation sources, including biomass, wind, solar, diesel CTs, and others, over a multi-year period. It includes figures for each source across different years, indicating fluctuations in production levels.

26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Biomass 338 352 351 353 346 347 344 345 340 348 349 348 338 347 356 352 374 353 355 358 358 355 358 360 411 Wind 1,904 1,904 1,904 1,904 2,411 2,414 2,415 2,414 2,751 2,749 2,745 2,743 2,7...

AI summary The text presents data on various energy generation sources and their capacities over time, including biomass, wind, solar, diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, demand response, and non-firm market capacities. The data shows fluctuations in capacity values across different years and sources.

AES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Battery Generation 0.46 0.55 0.73 0.87 65.24 51.19 49.70 47.94 67.00 55.30 65.30 56.87 58.14 56.92 64.31 0.00 52.70 67.56 67.27 87.91 91.19 88.48 100.34 111.61 78.02 Firm Imports 0 0 0...

AI summary The document presents a table showing energy generation and imports for various sources, with a focus on Battery Generation. It is part of an IRP Final Report Appendix F, indicating a discussion around energy resources and planning in Nova Scotia.

2.1C.Import-3 (Limited ReliabilityGWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 4,044 3,777 3,651 3,713 3,528 3,300 3,286 3,410 2,935 1,...

AI summary The text presents a table showing the projected generation capacity from various energy sources in Nova Scotia from 2021 to 2045, including coal, gas, hydro, tidal, and biomass. It outlines the gradual decline of coal and the introduction of new gas and renewable energy sources over time.

26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Biomass 335 348 356 354 347 346 348 374 356 338 335 333 334 337 339 339 339 340 346 349 351 350 353 352 355 Wind 1,903 1,898 1,899 1,900 2,086 2,251 2,252 2,262 2,260 3,573 3,692 3,688 3,709 3,7...

AI summary The text presents numerical data across various energy sources and programs, including biomass, wind, solar, diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, Demand Response, and Non Firm Market, with varying values over time.

26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Biomass 331 352 357 369 368 362 360 362 353 351 347 348 350 349 350 349 350 356 358 354 354 351 353 353 356 Wind 1,901 1,898 1,900 1,903 2,422 2,754 2,918 2,920 2,908 3,603 3,605 3,611 3,621 3,7...

AI summary The text presents data on various energy generation sources, including biomass, wind, solar, diesel combined turbines, and compressed air energy storage (CAES), along with demand response and non-firm market contributions over time. The data reflects fluctuations in output levels across different years.

26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Biomass 339 351 355 350 351 358 361 365 371 362 360 355 351 352 357 359 362 351 359 354 356 351 351 354 354 Wind 1,903 1,898 1,897 1,898 1,952 1,949 1,949 1,950 1,948 2,277 2,958 3,402 3,670 3,7...

AI summary The document presents data on various energy generation sources, including biomass, wind, solar, diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, demand response, and non-firm market capacity over multiple years. The data highlights fluctuations in capacity contributions from each source.

2.1C.PRICES-1 (High Import & Ga GWh Generator Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 Coal 4,279 3,798 3,739 3,763 3,459 3,454 3,371 3,425 3,476 2,51...

AI summary The table presents generation prices for various energy sources from 2021 to 2045, showing trends in coal, gas, hydro, tidal, and biomass generation. It outlines the projected capacity and output for each energy type over time.

26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Biomass 342 353 353 352 347 354 351 360 380 355 355 351 353 352 365 369 365 392 380 376 374 374 373 373 374 Wind 1,904 1,899 1,897 1,899 2,078 2,239 2,239 2,242 2,254 3,225 3,227 3,744 3,754 3,757...

AI summary The text presents numerical data across various energy sources and programs, including biomass, wind, solar, diesel CTs, Maritime Link Blocks, demand response, non-firm market, and CAES. The data appears to represent energy generation or capacity over time, but no specific claims or arguments are made in the text.

3 Scenario A Driver 1 Scenario B X Driver 2 B1 B2 B3 C1 C2 C3 Scenario C Driver 3 D1 D2 D3 Scenario D Variations such as resource costs or focus Variations likely focused on on specific resource Sensitivity Analysis coal closure timing, ty...

AI summary The text outlines different scenarios and variations in an analysis plan for the 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), focusing on factors like coal closure timing, electricity load, carbon emission reduction levels, and resource costs. It also mentions sensitivity analysis to test the impact of changes in key assumptions on the cost of the plan.

mptions Capital Costs (1 of 2) – Renewables and Storage Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 11 of 321 Capital Cost (2019 CAD $/kW) Technology Subtechnology 2019 2030 % Change Wind Onshore $2,100 $1,691 -19% Offshore $4,726 $...

AI summary The document presents capital cost data for various renewable energy and storage technologies in Nova Scotia for 2019 and 2030, showing significant decreases in costs for wind, solar PV, and battery storage technologies, while some technologies like tidal and compressed air storage remain unchanged.

ocating Engine (50 MW) $1,823 $1,823 0% Nuclear Small modular reactor (100 MW) $9,196 $8,641 -6% 36 5 Summary of Proposed Assumptions Operating Costs – All Technologies Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 13 of 321

AI summary The text presents a comparison of capital costs for different energy technologies, including a 50 MW locating engine and a 100 MW small modular reactor, with the latter showing a 6% cost reduction. It references Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan Final Report Appendix H.

5 Summary of Proposed Assumptions Operating Costs – All Technologies Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 13 of 321 Operating Cost Technology Subtechnology Fixed O&M Variable O&M ($/kW-yr) ($/MWh) Wind Onshore $59 $0 Offshore...

AI summary The document presents operating costs for various energy technologies, including fixed and variable O&M costs for wind, solar, biomass, tidal, storage, coal, natural gas, and nuclear. All O&M costs are assumed to escalate at 2% per year.

anada • EV penetration based on conservative estimate of Electric Mobility Canada’s growth model • EV includes estimate for peak mitigation • 10-year average used for normal weather 2020 IRP ASSUMPTIONS SET 10 DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT IN Nov...

AI summary The document discusses demand-side management (DSM) scenarios in the context of the 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) by Nova Scotia Power. It outlines assumptions for EV penetration, load scenarios, and environmental considerations based on existing policies and legislation, including regulations on carbon dioxide emissions from coal-fired generation.

version to other fuel) or shut down at the end of “useful life”, as defined by the regs based on commissioning dates, and would cause conversion or retirement by the following years for the NSP fleet: Trenton 6 Point Lingan 1, 2019 Trenton...

AI summary The document outlines the retirement timeline for coal units in Nova Scotia, noting that the Equivalency Agreement allows NS Power to continue operating these units beyond regulatory deadlines. It also mentions the Provincial GHG emission regulations and the renewal of the Equivalency Agreement from 2020 to 2024 with future methodology agreed upon from 2025 to 2040.

2020 IRP ASSUMPTIONS SET 20 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 40 of 321 AIR QUALITY REGULATIONS Emissions Multi-Year Caps (SO2, NOx) • Provincial regulations that Multi-Year Caps stipulate NS Power emission SO2 (t) NOX (t)...

AI summary The document outlines provincial air quality regulations that set multi-year emission caps for Sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and mercury (Hg) from 2010 to 2030. It also includes requirements for a mercury diversion program and the use of credits for compliance from 2020 to 2030.

SET 21 AIR QUALITY REGULATIONS Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 41 of 321 (CONT.) Individual Unit Limits (SO2) Emissions Annual Maximums (SO2, NOX) SO2 Individual SO2 Annual NOX Annual Year Year Unit Limit (t) Maximum (t)...

AI summary The text outlines emissions limits for SO2, NOX, and mercury under Nova Scotia's air quality regulations, with specific annual maximums and caps for different time periods up to 2030. It also references the 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) assumptions related to emissions.

2020 IRP ASSUMPTIONS SET 22 FORECAST NO X EMISSION HARD Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 42 of 321 CAPS NOx Emission Hard Caps 16 14 12 10 8 NOx Limit 6 4 2 0 2020 IRP ASSUMPTIONS SET 23 FORECAST SO 2 EMISSION HARD Nova S...

AI summary The document outlines the 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) assumptions, including emission hard caps for NOx, SO2, and mercury, as well as provincial regulations requiring 40% renewable energy by 2020 and limits on the use of primary forest biomass.

32 Resource Options Considered Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 52 of 321  Fossil fuels: coal-to-gas, coal-to-biomass , natural gas (CC, CT, reciprocating engine, CC w/ carbon capture and storage)  Renewables: biomass,...

AI summary The document outlines various resource options considered in Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), including fossil fuels, renewables, energy storage, and emerging technologies. It also describes the process for modeling resource costs, including capital, O&M, fuel prices, and financing assumptions, to forecast levelized costs for Nova Scotia Power from 2019 to 2050.

tives = Levelized Cost Forecasts Levelized Costs Costs to NSPI, 2019-2050 (Energy $/MWh, Capacity $/kW-yr) 34 Summary of Proposed Assumptions Capital Costs (1 of 2) – Renewables and Storage Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Pag...

AI summary The document presents levelized cost forecasts for various renewable energy technologies and storage solutions from 2019 to 2050, highlighting significant cost reductions over time, particularly for onshore wind, offshore wind, solar PV, and lithium-ion batteries.

36 Summary of Proposed Assumptions Operating Costs – All Technologies Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 56 of 321 Operating Cost Technology Subtechnology Fixed O&M Variable O&M ($/kW-yr) ($/MWh) Wind Onshore $54 $0 Offshor...

AI summary The document presents operating cost assumptions for various energy technologies, including fixed and variable O&M costs for wind, solar, biomass, tidal, storage, coal, natural gas, and nuclear technologies, with all costs assumed to escalate at 2% per year.

IRP ASSUMPTIONS SET 39 DISTRIBUTED RESOURCES Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 59 of 321 MODELING • Given the challenges with the scale of DERs vs the granularity of IRP modeling, these resources will be examined via scena...

AI summary The document discusses assumptions related to distributed resources (DERs) in the 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), including modeling approaches and cost trajectories for distributed solar. It outlines how DERs will be incorporated into the IRP, considering their scale and modeling constraints.

Levelized Cost of Energy ($2019) $4,000 $250 2019$ Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) $3,500 $200 $3,000 $150 $2,500 $/kW $2,000 $100 Solar BTM - Low CF $1,500 $50 Solar BTM $1,000 - High CF $- $500

AI summary The text presents a visual representation of the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) in 2019, showing varying costs for different energy sources, including Solar BTM with low and high capacity factors. The chart highlights the financial considerations associated with energy generation.

ption. • NS Power proposes to model bookended scenarios via load modifier approach to compare resource needs both under a baseline adoption forecast and a high electrification scenario. 2020 IRP ASSUMPTIONS SET 44 Nova Scotia Power IRP Fin...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power (NS Power) is proposing to model scenarios using a load modifier approach to compare resource needs under baseline and high electrification forecasts. The 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) includes a Planning Reserve Margin (PRM) and capacity value study conducted by E3 to ensure resource adequacy and reliability of power supply.

2020 IRP ASSUMPTIONS SET 48 EFFECTIVE LOAD CARRYING Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 68 of 321 CAPABILITY (ELCC) • The information from the Planning Reserve Margin and Capacity Value Study undertaken by E3 as part of the...

AI summary The document discusses the Effective Load-Carrying Capability (ELCC) assumptions used in the 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) by Nova Scotia Power. It references a study by E3 and outlines the ELCC of existing and new wind capacity on the NSPI system, noting that the ELCC of new wind is lower than existing wind.

m. Non-Firm Import Options: • Import energy via existing transmission (Maritime Link and New Brunswick tie-line); and/or, • Import energy via new transmission per above. 2020 IRP ASSUMPTIONS SET 68 ENABLING TRANSMISSION Nova Scotia Power I...

AI summary The document outlines non-firm import options for energy, including existing and new transmission lines, and discusses the benefits of transmission investment, such as enhanced reliability and renewable integration. It also covers pricing assumptions for firm imports based on Platts Analytics forecasts, emphasizing clean energy sources.

efficiency and fuel supply is leading to, in certain jurisdictions, competitive advantages over coal, particularly given the faster pace of grid operations driven by variable generation; • Gas typically plays a role in backing up renewable...

AI summary The document discusses the role of natural gas in supporting renewable energy during periods of low generation, the uncertainty in natural gas costs due to supply constraints, and the reliance on imported gas following the shutdown of domestic production sources. It also highlights the need for a firm gas supply for new plants and considerations around operational modes.

ions, (ii) restate some items we feel remain unaddressed and (iii) to provide our perspective on IRP work that NSPI has alluded to using to alter rates utilized by our organization and our affiliates. Thank you for confirming that NSPI und...

AI summary The text discusses concerns raised by AREA regarding the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and the cost assumptions for renewable energy projects. AREA argues that NSPI's reports may mislead readers about the likelihood of lower renewable energy costs and that the process does not consider alternative financing options that could accelerate decarbonization.

eves NSPI has not fully incorporated our request to study alternative, lower costs of capital and if the use of such enables Nova Scotia to decarbonize quicker than using NSPI’s ownership assumptions. Paul Chernick, President of Resource I...

AI summary The document discusses concerns regarding NSPI's approach to incorporating alternative, lower costs of capital and its impact on decarbonization. It also highlights issues with the inequitable treatment of renewable generation's ELCC and suggests financial benefits for ratepayers through the sale of surplus environmental attributes to other sectors.

raints. AREA requests that NSPI consider modelling additional decarbonization efforts in each scenario and at what price other sectors would need to pay NSPI to affect such additional decarbonization. Alternative Resource Energy Authority,...

AI summary The Alternative Resource Energy Authority (AREA) requests that Nova Scotia Power (NSPI) consider additional decarbonization efforts in each scenario and the cost implications for other sectors. The document references the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and discusses ELCC assumptions based on studies by E3, including the impact of wind energy on the planning reserve margin.

NSPI system is measured by the marginal ELCC and is currently at 11%, meaning that each additional MW of wind contributes 0.11 MW of firm capacity to PRM requirements. In its recent 2020 Annually Adjusted Rates Application filed with the N...

AI summary The NSPI system's marginal ELCC is currently at 11%, indicating that each additional MW of wind contributes 0.11 MW of firm capacity to PRM requirements. NS Power proposed using a 32% capacity contribution factor for wind generation in 2020, based on past approvals, but has since revised its methodology to a 17% factor for existing wind resources. A pre-IRP study on ELCC calculations will influence future capacity contribution factors for billing purposes.

E ASSUMPTIONS AND THE DRAFT ANALYSIS PLAN Submitted jointly by the Canadian Wind Energy Association (CanWEA) and the Canadian Solar Industries Association (CanSIA), February 14, 2020 About CanWEA and CanSIA The Canadian Wind Energy Associa...

AI summary The Canadian Wind Energy Association (CanWEA) and the Canadian Solar Industries Association (CanSIA) have submitted a joint document outlining their assumptions and draft analysis plan. They are merging into a new multi-technology association focused on wind, solar, and energy storage, with the official launch scheduled for July 1, 2020. The organizations aim to represent these sectors in Nova Scotia.

ess, economic and price 1 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 123 of 321 considerations are reinforced by the consideration of two metrics (i.e., revenue requirements and rates) as are reliability considerations (reliability...

AI summary The document discusses the importance of using realistic assumptions in wind integration strategies within Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), emphasizing best practices and the least-cost resource, onshore wind, as indicated by the E3 analysis.

at onshore wind is the least- cost resource today (E3, NSPI Resource Options Study, p. 15). This includes the application of the full possible range of wind and solar integration strategies including: (1) ensuring system operations reflect...

AI summary The text discusses strategies for integrating wind and solar energy into the grid, emphasizing joint system operations between NS Power and NB Power, sub-hourly scheduling, demand response strategies, and improved forecasting. It highlights the importance of expanding market integration, particularly with ISO-NE, and utilizing demand response for energy storage.

c project, which used load and wind forecasting and aggregation capabilities to perform near real-time load shifting of commercial and residential loads and provide new ancillary services to the grid. Electrification of Nova Scotia’s space...

AI summary The text discusses strategies for integrating renewable energy into Nova Scotia’s grid, including demand response frameworks, electrification of heating and transportation, and curtailment of surplus wind and solar generation. These strategies aim to reduce integration costs and support the Province's net zero GHG emissions goal by 2050.

generation that can’t be integrated into the NS Power system or for which there isn’t sufficient export capacity to produce hydrogen can be another element of a wind and solar integration strategy. (4) hydro imports offer a relatively high...

AI summary The text discusses the potential for hydro imports via the Maritime Link to assist with wind and solar integration in the NS Power system. It highlights the flexibility of hydro imports and the regulation capacity provided by the Maritime Link, which can help offset generation/load imbalances caused by rapid changes in wind and solar output.

gulation signals will help off-set any generation/load imbalance in the NS Power system. Such imbalances could be from rapid changes in wind and solar generation or any generation surplus or shortage. The IRP presents a series of assumptio...

AI summary The document discusses the importance of regulation signals in balancing generation and load in the NS Power system, particularly with renewable sources. It highlights the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) assumptions on technology costs and their impact on Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) and revenue requirement profiles. CanWEA suggests using price benchmarks to assess the reasonableness of these assumptions and recommends more explicit LCOE values for transparency.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 126 of 321 Input on Draft Assumptions Set Page 2 of 10 procurement that allows self-build options to compete with private developer offerings. We were somewhat surprised to learn that deco...

AI summary The text discusses the importance of including decommissioning costs in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) model, even though they may be small relative to other costs. It also highlights the need to consider flexible solar and hybrid (renewable + storage) resources as supply-side capacity options, noting their potential to provide inexpensive reserves and their absence from the current Assumptions Set.

rid resources) can be relevant to the capacity need. These resources can provide relatively inexpensive regulating and operating reserves during many hours of the year. Adding these resources to the 1 This may be inconsistent with NS Power...

AI summary The text discusses the relevance of flexible resources, such as solar and storage, to capacity needs and their potential to provide inexpensive reserves. It references studies and responses from NS Power on accounting policies, resource options, and utility-managed curtailment.

O&M $/kw- $/kW $/MWh $/kW $/kw-yr $/MWh Technology Subtech yr Wind Onshore $2,100 $54 $0 $1,485- $38- $0 2,025 49 Offshore $4,726 $108 $0 $3,173- $108- $0 4,793 149 Solar PV Tracking $2,250 $20 $0 $1,485 $16 $0 Storage Battery $814 $8 $0 $...

AI summary The text provides cost data for various energy technologies, including wind, solar PV, storage, natural gas, and nuclear, with specific figures for capital costs and other metrics. It also notes a discrepancy between the capital cost estimate for solar PV and recent estimates from the US NREL Annual Technology Baseline.

inconsistent with all but a few very high recent estimates. 7 As shown below, those forecasts showing similar costs in 2019 were 5 NS Power, Draft Assumptions Set (January 20, 2020), Slides 35-37. 6 Lazard, Lazard’s Levelized Cost of Energ...

AI summary The text discusses discrepancies in cost estimates for solar PV and combined-cycle natural gas, noting that NS Power's assumptions are inconsistent with recent projections from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and Lazard. It highlights the need for alignment with other sources and consideration of variable O&M costs and charging costs for storage technologies.

would like to better understand these assumptions or see them aligned with other sources. 8 National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Annual Technology Baseline: Electricity, Natural Gas Plants (2019). John D. Wilson and Paul Chernick • Resour...

AI summary The text discusses the inclusion of distributed energy resources (DERs) in modeling, emphasizing the need to account for both full costs and non-energy benefits such as reduced line losses and backup service, or alternatively, just the costs paid by NS Power reduced by T&D benefits if non-energy benefits cannot be estimated.

and other customer values), or • if NS Power cannot estimate the non-energy benefits, just the costs paid by NS Power, reduced by T&D benefits (reduced line losses, avoided investments). 4. Planning Reserve Margin and Capacity Value Study...

AI summary The document discusses the Planning Reserve Margin and Capacity Value Study, focusing on the DAFOR (Demand Availability Factor) for various generation units. It highlights discrepancies between historical DAFOR averages and assumptions used in the E3 study, suggesting the need for a longer averaging period. It also addresses the effective load-carrying capacity (ELCC) of thermal and wind generation units and the derating of thermal plants for capacity planning.

• Large, mid-DAFOR (Lingan 3&4, Trenton 5&6) • Smaller, very-high-DAFOR (TC 1 &2) • Very small, high-DAFOR (CTs) • The odd mix of TC 4-6 ELCC should vary among these units. Replacing a MW of TC 1 or 2 should require less capacity than a MW...

AI summary The text discusses varying DAFOR and ELCC values for different power generation units, suggesting that ELCC should differ based on unit type. It critiques the E3 study's assumption that hydro resources are equivalent to firm dispatchable resources, citing concerns about storage capacity, drought impacts, and capacity factors during winter peak hours. The document recommends that NS Power review its hydro capacity value assumptions.

• Capacity factors for each of the hydro resources during winter peak hours (hours with any LOLP) in each of the last several years • Effect of the 2016 drought (or other hydrological events) on effective hydro capacity over long winter pe...

AI summary The text requests information on hydro resource capacity factors during winter peak hours, the impact of the 2016 drought on hydro capacity, and the historical frequency of droughts affecting Nova Scotia hydro capacity.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 133 of 321 Input on Draft Assumptions Set Page 9 of 10 • What consideration, if any, is given to weather trends in the long-term weather dataset? For example, if there is a trend towards m...

AI summary The text raises questions about the consideration of weather trends in long-term forecasts, the correlation between weather and generation efficiency, and the modeling of import-related issues, including transmission costs, new tie lines, and the impact of fossil fuel imports on emissions and costs.

t. • Does projected sustaining capital for each unit simply reflect historical experience plus inflation, or is the projected capital cost increased to reflect the age of the plant? 9. Renewable Integration The renewable integration sectio...

AI summary The text raises questions about the methodology used in projecting sustaining capital costs for power units, specifically whether inflation and plant age are considered. It also critiques the renewable integration section of the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) for lacking clarity on technology options and grid service requirements, suggesting a webinar to explain and gather stakeholder feedback.

t: Input on Draft Scenarios, Strategies and Sensitivities On behalf of the Consumer Advocate, Resource Insight would like to submit some comments on the draft scenarios, strategies and sensitivities. Scenarios As we understand the plan, NS...

AI summary Resource Insight, on behalf of the Consumer Advocate, submits comments on NS Power's draft scenarios, suggesting an alternative to Scenario 2 that includes an early coal phase-out and higher industrial/marine demand to better differentiate scenarios and expand the decision space.

ricity, for 3D printing, automation and the like. The improvements in batteries and electric propulsion that promote electric road vehicles will also support electrification of marine vessels and such Resource Insight, Inc. • 5 Water Stree...

AI summary The document discusses the impact of industrial and marine electrification on load modeling within the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), and highlights that Nova Scotia Power (NSP) has not tested early coal closure with the 'current landscape' strategy. An alternative scenario is suggested to address this gap.

012 Clerk of the Board Nova Scotia Utility and Review Board Box 1692, Unit “M” Halifax, Nova Scotia. B3J 3S3 Subject; Proposed Annual Capital Expenditure Plan (ACE Plan 2012) (NSPI) Dear Sir/Madam; Nova Scotia Power Inc., is applying for a...

AI summary The letter expresses concern over Nova Scotia Power Inc.'s proposed ACE Plan 2012, highlighting the lack of emphasis on grid upgrades, particularly the 69kv transmission line in the Annapolis Valley. It emphasizes the outdated nature of the grid system and the need for investment in renewable energy and infrastructure, such as a CHP plant through the COMMFIT program.

ies. Not only would this investment allow these facilities to hedge against rising fuel costs in the future, but the overall reduction of GHG would be a significant benefit to the province as a whole. The consultants findings are summarize...

AI summary The submission highlights the benefits of investing in facilities to hedge against rising fuel costs and reduce GHG emissions. However, consultants identified risks related to distribution interconnection and the age of the grid, which may hinder the implementation of renewable energy projects, including a CHP plant.

Digby Submissions February 14, 2020 Page 2 of 62 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 143 of 321 The ability of the utility system to accommodate renewable energy technologies is very much driven by the degree of variability...

AI summary The text discusses the challenges of integrating renewable energy into the utility system due to variability and the need for reliability and voltage control. It highlights the potential of energy storage and smart grid technologies to address these issues, while noting the regulatory constraints and the need for future voltage regulation changes.

ution system where only the utility has been allowed to do so, but the flicker and effects on voltage profiles on the feeders may ultimately lead to distributed voltage or reactive power flow control. We are concerned as well, that as the...

AI summary The submission expresses concern that the utility may not prioritize upgrades to valley transmission lines, which could hinder the integration of renewable energy technologies. It emphasizes the need for the utility to demonstrate a commitment to supporting renewable energy development in the region.

ilable at ScienceDirect Energy Conversion and Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/enconman Electric vehicle charging to support renewable energy integration in a capacity constrained electricity grid Nathaniel S. Pearre ⇑,...

AI summary This study explores how electric vehicle (EV) charging can support the integration of renewable energy in a grid with limited capacity. It examines the potential of EVs to act as a resource for balancing renewable energy supply and demand.

Article history: Digby, Nova Scotia, is a largely rural area with a wealth of renewable energy resources, principally wind Received 23 August 2015 and tidal. Digby’s electrical load is serviced by an aging 69 kV transmission line that ofte...

AI summary This study explores the potential of smart charging of electric vehicles in Digby, Nova Scotia, to increase export capacity on an aging transmission line and utilize renewable energy. With 10% EV adoption, time-of-day charging increased renewable energy usage by 20%, while smart charging increased it by 73% and added 3 MW of load during transmission constraints.

73%. More significantly, it adds 3 MW of load when power exports face constraints, allowing enough additional renewable electricity generation capacity to fully power those vehicles. Ó 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

AI summary The text discusses the addition of 3 MW of load when power exports face constraints, enabling enough additional renewable electricity generation capacity to fully power those vehicles.

1. Introduction and collect from small hydroelectric facilities inland. In 2010 a 30 MW wind energy converter (WEC) field, consisting of twenty The Municipality of Digby (Fig. 1, left) is embarking on an ambi- GE 1.5 MW units, was commissi...

AI summary The Municipality of Digby is pursuing a strategy to increase the use of locally produced renewable energy. Transportation is a major energy consumer in Nova Scotia, relying on imported fuels. Digby has significant renewable resources, particularly wind and tidal, but faces transmission constraints that limit further renewable development without upgrades, curtailment, or local load additions.

y and not contribute to overloading of consisting principally of wind and tidal flows [2,3]. Electric vehicles the transmission system. (EVs) which have greatly increased efficiency compared with inter- Option 1 is not being considered by...

AI summary The document discusses the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into the local electricity grid, highlighting their potential to reduce energy consumption and reliance on fossil fuels. It outlines the current electrical transmission system and the challenges of incorporating EVs, noting that Option 3 is the basis for the study, which evaluates the impact of EVs on the grid and renewable energy use.

The use of energy storage and dispatchable load to manage vari- modification could be implemented at negligible cost, and would ations in renewable energy output is a problem of nearly universal increase WEC field power capability to 33 MW...

AI summary The text discusses the use of energy storage and dispatchable load to manage variability in renewable energy output, highlighting the potential benefits of controlled EV charging for Nova Scotia’s grid. It emphasizes the importance of understanding EV usage patterns and their impact on the electrical system.

and renewable electricity generation. trolling the export transmission loads could correspondingly per- mit increased local generation capacity. General Electric (GE), the 2.1. Vehicle populations manufacturer of the WECs in use at the win...

AI summary The document discusses the potential for increased local generation capacity in Digby through the use of WindBOOST software, which enhances the output of wind energy converters. It also references vehicle population data from Digby, Conway Area, and Digby County for analysis purposes.

years is a challenge, so we have defaulted dents were asked what business vehicles they used, how much to the equal adoption assumption. they were used, and when during the day such use took place. Where specific information was not provid...

AI summary The document discusses methods used to gather data on business vehicle usage and electric vehicle (EV) charging scenarios in the Digby area. It outlines a 'convenience charging' scenario where EVs are charged immediately upon arrival at a destination without regard to time of day or grid impact.

in immediately upon arriving at a destination, typically home, and trical system conditions, including WEC field production, were are charged until they are full. The control logic for this charging available for this research, supplied by...

AI summary The text discusses EV charging behavior in Nova Scotia, noting that most EVs charge upon arriving home, typically during off-peak hours. It references data from Nova Scotia Power Inc. and highlights the lack of provincial or utility policies influencing this behavior.

s to this TOD charging scenario will be to delay charging attainable over the medium term given both local and provincial through the use of a charge timer until after 23 h if possible, Digby Submissions February 14, 2020 Page 7 of 62 Nova...

AI summary The text discusses a TOD (Time of Day) charging scenario and mentions a delay in charging through the use of a charge timer. It also includes a table with measured data points and sampling rates related to Digby electricity infrastructure, including wind energy converters, transmission lines, and distribution lines.

Nova Scotia Power TOD Rates in electricity markets. In Digby, the constraint of interest is power Workdays Dec 1 - Feb 28 export on transmission line L-5533 (see Fig. 1). When the WEC field is at maximum generating capacity (30 MW), and th...

AI summary The text discusses Nova Scotia Power's Time of Day (TOD) rates and how real-time monitoring and signaling on a transmission line could be used to manage EV charging, particularly during low load periods to avoid export limitations.

ppendix H Page 150 of 321 N.S. Pearre, L.G. Swan / Energy Conversion and Management 109 (2016) 130–139 135 can only occur when both wind production is high and when local during the day, and WEC output, which peaks at night, mean that load...

AI summary The text discusses the relationship between wind energy production and electricity exports, noting that exports are more likely at night when wind production peaks and local loads are low. It also mentions the impact of EV charging on the electricity grid, highlighting potential challenges during peak demand periods.

or might be at its maximum output of 30+ MW. 4. Results 4.2. Impact of EV charging on the electricity grid

AI summary The document discusses the impact of electric vehicle (EV) charging on the electricity grid, particularly in the context of potential maximum output from renewable energy sources such as wind energy converters (WEC) reaching 30+ MW.

In this section, the interactions and influence of EVs on the elec- To illustrate the impacts of the three charging scenarios on the tric grid are discussed, with a focus on how they would relate to electricity grid we examine the first we...

AI summary This section discusses the impact of electric vehicles (EVs) on the electricity grid in Digby, focusing on renewable electricity generation and transmission line L-5533. It examines load and generation data from 2012 to 2014, highlighting concerns about transmission constraints during periods of high export.

same week in June, 2014, along These various years are not expected to affect the trending shown with the unmodified export power timeseries from Fig. 9. Charging in Fig. 6. loads for convenience charging (yellow), TOD charging (cyan) and...

AI summary The text discusses seasonal load variations, showing higher winter loads due to heating and lighting needs. It also compares different EV charging scenarios, noting that convenience charging adds about 2 MW of load, TOD charging adds over 4 MW, and smart charging can add up to 6 MW. Digby is identified as a net electricity exporter.

at 23 h. The smart charging scenario drop to zero (during a power outage). The WEC field’s output is (magenta) can add as much as 6 MW of load (10 kW per vehicle), continuously variable, achieving slightly more than its rated capac- coordi...

AI summary The text discusses the impact of smart charging on EV load and grid management, showing how load varies throughout the day and season. It highlights that smart charging can add significant load during peak times and that EV owners may accept signals for charging if incentivized, particularly overnight.

results, because such conditions, when local loads are not at their evening. This is characteristic of areas with electric heat that is minimum, do not negatively impact the export transmission often turned down at night when businesses ar...

AI summary The text discusses variations in electricity generation and load profiles, focusing on the impact of electric vehicles on the grid. It highlights how wind generation is higher at night and lower during the day, and how different EV charging algorithms affect local load profiles and export probabilities.

MW (peak to ity is more fully described in Fig. 8. Both heating loads and wind trough) to 5 or 6 MW. TOD charging (cyan) adds load when they production increase during the winter, but the frequency of are low overnight, and it can be clear...

AI summary The text discusses the relationship between heating loads, wind energy production, and electricity exports during colder months. It highlights how TOD charging adds load during low overnight hours and how smart charging exhibits inconsistent timing but corresponds to charging at times of low load.

Nov-Dec 15 10 5 0 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 Hour of the day Fig. 7. Average electricity power as a function of month pairs (colored) for Digby load (top), and 30 MW WEC field generation (bottom). (For interpretation of the references to color...

AI summary The text includes a figure showing average electricity power for Digby load and 30 MW WEC field generation, and discusses how electric vehicles (EVs) might help provide load. The figure is referenced in the context of analyzing power trends over time.

-5533 (left axis) 28 8 Aggregate EV Charging Power 10% of fleet, Convenience Charging (right axis) 21 10% of fleet, TOD Charging (right axis) 6 Export Power (MW) 10% of fleet, Smart Charging (right axis) 14 4 7 2 (MW) 0 0 -7 -14 -21

AI summary The text presents a graph showing aggregate EV charging power and export power in MW, with different charging scenarios (convenience, TOD, and smart charging) for 10% of the fleet, highlighting variations in power demand and export.

11 Load with 10% of fleet Convenience Charging Digby Load (MW) 10 Load with 10% of fleet TOD Charging Load with 10% of fleet Smart Charging 9 8 7 6 5 4 Midnight on 4th Noon on 4th Midnight on 5th Noon on 5th Midnight on 6th June, 2014 (dat...

AI summary This figure shows a time-series plot of electricity demand on distribution lines out of Conway substation in June 2014, comparing three EV charging scenarios—convenience charging, TOD charging, and smart charging—implemented by 10% of the vehicle fleet.

lectricity demand on the distribution lines out of Conway substation (77 V) in the first week of June, 2014, given three possible EV charging scenarios being implemented by 10% of the vehicle fleet.

AI summary The text discusses electricity demand on the distribution lines out of Conway substation (77 V) in the first week of June 2014, under three possible EV charging scenarios implemented by 10% of the vehicle fleet.

exceedance probability curves, which are presented in Fig. 13 in worst exports by about 0.6 MW, while Ideal Smart Charging linear (left) and logarithmic (right) plots. (magenta) reduces the worst exports by 3 MW. The plot on the left of Fi...

AI summary The analysis compares different EV charging algorithms in Digby, showing that all reduce the frequency of electricity exports compared to the existing system. However, convenience charging has minimal impact on the most challenging exports, while Ideal Smart Charging and TOD strategies significantly reduce them. The discussion highlights that EV charging in Digby often uses locally generated renewable energy, with TOD improving the fraction of local renewable energy used.

0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 Midnight on 4th Noon on 4th Midnight on 5th Noon on 5th Midnight on 6th June, 2014 (date) Fig. 12. Time-series plot of electricity exports out of the Digby Neck area in the first week of June, 2014. The unmodified line...

AI summary The figure illustrates a time-series plot of electricity exports from the Digby Neck area in early June 2014, comparing unmodified line power with line power under three EV charging algorithms. It highlights the impact of different EV charging strategies on electricity exports.

0 w/ Convenience Charging Exceedance Probability (%) 25 w/ TOD Charging 20 w/ Ideal Smart Charging -2 15 10 10 5 -4 10 0 15 20 25 22 23 24 25 26 27 Daily Peak Export Power (MW) Daily Peak Export Power (MW) Fig. 13. Line 5533 export power,...

AI summary The figure illustrates the impact of different EV charging strategies on daily peak export power, showing how smart charging algorithms can reduce peak export power during high-demand periods.

ne 5533 export power, exceedance probability, showing effects of three charging strategies applied to 10% of Digby vehicle fleet. period of peak export in the smart charging algorithm means that Additional Capacity Made Available 100 4 Loc...

AI summary The text discusses the impact of electric vehicle (EV) charging strategies on local renewable electricity use, noting that 85% of EV charging could come from local wind energy converters (WECs). However, it also highlights that drawing renewable electricity from the grid may require additional generation elsewhere, raising questions about overall system impacts.

(MW) any charging strategies can facilitate adding increased renewables 50 2 to the grid, and whether such additional capacity can make up for the additional energy demand to power the EV fleet. This question 25 1 can be answered from the...

AI summary The text discusses the impact of Time of Day (TOD) charging strategies on the grid, noting that implementing TOD for 10% of Digby’s vehicle fleet reduces export peaks by 0.6 MW. However, the fleet consumes 9 MW h of electricity daily, requiring an annual capacity factor of 62% for additional capacity to meet demand.

l energy to power such a fleet, it would need to have an annual capacity factor of about 62%. Thus the answer to the question of whether these additional cars can be powered Determining exactly how such an idealized algorithm would trans-...

AI summary The text discusses the challenges of powering an electric vehicle fleet with local renewable energy, noting that current resources are insufficient unless significantly better ones are found. It contrasts this with a smart charging strategy that could free up export capacity and potentially power the fleet with a lower capacity factor renewable resource.

and could not fully be realized as it requires 100% participa- attenuate export peaks by 1 MW (compared to 3 MW for ideal tion, arbitrarily high charging power per vehicle, and vehicles to smart charging), and thereby free up 1 MW of trans...

AI summary The text discusses the limitations of electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure in meeting demand, highlighting the need for precise timing and high charging power. It also mentions the capacity factor of wind energy converters (WEC) and references a report by N.S. Pearre and L.G. Swan on energy conversion and management.

6. Conclusions [1] Statistics Canada. Report on energy supply and demand in Canada; 2011 preliminary. Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Canada, Tech. Rep. 57-003-X, April 2013; 2013. Digby is a region with abundant renewable energy resources, [2]...

AI summary The text discusses Digby's abundant renewable energy resources and grid constraints, highlighting its goal to better utilize local renewable energy. It also notes the potential of electric vehicles in reducing energy consumption and supporting renewable energy integration.

renewable electricity generation. NREL, Tech. Rep. NREL/TP-6A2-47187; 2010. transportation, and can use locally generated electricity from [6] Connolly D, Lund H, Mathiesen BV, Pican E, Leahy M. The technical and renewable resources, while...

AI summary The study evaluates the impact of electric vehicles (EVs) on the electricity grid under various charging strategies and their complementarity with renewable energy generation. Three strategies are analyzed, focusing on their effects on grid interaction and transmission constraints.

ging, or 85% for smart charging. More 2010 IEEE PES; 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2010.5484336. importantly, these strategies were shown to be effective at [13] Dvorak P. GE’s WindBOOST increases energy production for 2,000th wind t...

AI summary The text discusses the potential of smart charging algorithms for electric vehicles (EVs) to enhance grid capacity and support renewable energy generation, citing various studies and reports on EV adoption and grid interactions.

ova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 157 of 321 EcoStruxure Microgrid Advisor Connect, monitor, and control your facility’s Distributed Energy Resources (DER) to optimize performance

AI summary The text mentions EcoStruxure Microgrid Advisor, a tool for connecting, monitoring, and controlling Distributed Energy Resources (DER) to optimize performance. It is part of Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Final Report Appendix H.

Features • Provides visibility and control to all of your DER in a single platform »» Solar power »» HVAC systems »» EV charging stations »» Lighting systems »» Batteries »» Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) »» Wind energy »» Combined Hea...

AI summary The text describes a platform that provides visibility and control over distributed energy resources (DER), including solar, EV charging, batteries, and wind energy. It highlights features such as demand control, storm hardening, and tariff management, emphasizing benefits like system reliability, optimization, and participation in utility programs for revenue generation.

or the Municipality of the District of Digby Sigma Energy Storage Inc. November 2018 - CONFIDENTIAL page 1 1 Introduction Sigma Energy Storage proposes a prefeasibility study to evaluate Digby’s energy profile and identify solutions to max...

AI summary Sigma Energy Storage Inc. proposes a prefeasibility study to evaluate energy storage solutions for the Municipality of the District of Digby, focusing on renewable energy integration and thermal storage for heating. The study aims to assess the impact of energy storage systems on grid balancing and the potential for low-cost heating in community buildings.

for the Municipality of the District of Digby Sigma Energy Storage Inc. November 2018 - CONFIDENTIAL page 3 infrastructure and capacity building projects. As a part of these funding agreements, Nova Scotia municipalities are required to de...

AI summary The document discusses the development of Integrated Community Sustainability Plans (ICSPs) by Nova Scotia municipalities under the Gas Tax Agreement (GTA), emphasizing sustainability principles. The Municipality of the District of Digby has included goals such as maximizing renewable energy opportunities, reducing the carbon footprint, and managing energy for a marketable industrial park in its strategic plan.

e District of Digby Strategic Plan [6]: • Maximizing the opportunities in renewable energy • Reducing the carbon footprint • Managing energy for a marketable Industrial Park

AI summary The District of Digby's Strategic Plan focuses on maximizing renewable energy opportunities, reducing carbon footprint, and managing energy for a marketable Industrial Park.

in Digby. An Eco Industrial Park (EIP) is a community of manufacturing and service businesses seeking enhanced environmental and economic performance through collaborating in the management of environmental and resource issues [10]. Follow...

AI summary The text discusses the potential development of an Eco Industrial Park (EIP) in Digby, emphasizing strategies such as energy and material pooling, reducing consumption, and managing waste to improve environmental and economic performance. The municipality's economy has historically relied on fishing, forestry, agriculture, and fur farming, with a focus on industrial growth near Highway 217.

for the Municipality of the District of Digby Sigma Energy Storage Inc. November 2018 - CONFIDENTIAL page 4 institutional uses [5]. At this time, the area is approximately 60% occupied. Creating an EIP can encourage other industries to mov...

AI summary The document discusses the potential for an Eco Industrial Park (EIP) in the Municipality of the District of Digby, highlighting its alignment with the strategic plan and opportunities for economic growth, job creation, and population stabilization. It also outlines the availability of renewable energy resources in the area, such as wind, tidal, hydropower, biomass, and solar energy.

NTIAL page 5 Figure 4. Available renewable resources in the municipality of the district of Digby 3 Ecotourism Opportunity The district of Digby is rich in history and natural habitat, both of which draw visitors and new residents to the M...

AI summary The document discusses ecotourism opportunities in the Municipality of the District of Digby, emphasizing the need to reduce fossil fuel consumption and GHG emissions through renewable energy and waste material reuse. It highlights that large public buildings consume 80% of the total delivered energy and lists eight high-demand facilities, most of which use fuel oil for heating.

electrical and heat demands for these facilities, based on Lockheed Martin study [12], are presented in Figure 6. Most of these facilities use Fuel oil for heating purposes but Arena uses Electric Digby Submissions February 14, 2020 Page 2...

AI summary The document outlines electrical and heat demands for high-demand facilities in the Municipality of the District of Digby, referencing a Lockheed Martin study. It highlights that most facilities use fuel oil for heating, with the Arena using electricity. Figures 6, 7, and 8 provide data on average yearly demand, oil consumption, and GHG emissions, noting that hospitals and two schools emit over 750 tonnes CO2e annually.

ure 10. Average monthly energy consumption for Digby hospital: a) Electricity, b) Heat; and Average monthly energy consumption for Digby high school: c) Electricity, d) Heat [12] 3.2 Waste Materials and Biomass The Municipality of the Dist...

AI summary The text discusses waste management and biomass energy in the Municipality of the District of Digby, including the use of biomass for heat, electricity generation, and biogas production. It highlights an ongoing biomass project in Digby involving anaerobic digestion of mink farm and municipal waste to produce biogas for electricity generation.

ste as feedstock to an Anaerobic Digester to produce biogas (Figure 11). The Municipality has a plan to use this biogas to generate electricity which can be exported onto the local grid, generating Digby Submissions February 14, 2020 Page...

AI summary The Municipality of the District of Digby plans to use biogas from an anaerobic digester to generate electricity, which could be exported to the local grid and offset property taxes through the COMFIT program. The area also has a biomass facility and potential for a biopower plant using wood chips, which could increase energy efficiency to 80% through combined heat and power systems.

nc. November 2018 - CONFIDENTIAL page 12 Figure 13. Types of solar thermal energy storage [24]. 3.4 Grants and Financial Supports Several Governmental foundations and programs support deployment of green energy production system across Can...

AI summary The text discusses governmental grants and financial supports for green energy production in Canada, including programs by Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) and Sustainable Development Technology Canada (SDTC). It also outlines the Low Carbon Communities grant in Nova Scotia aimed at reducing GHG emissions. Recommended solutions focus on renewable energy and energy storage systems to reduce fossil fuel use and GHG emissions.

energy storage systems. The main goal is to reduce fossil fuels consumption and to reduce GHG emissions. The recommended solutions can not only make good sense environmentally, but also economically. 3.5.1 PV-Thermal Energy Storage for Loc...

AI summary The text discusses the use of PV-thermal energy storage systems, particularly buffer water storage tanks, for residential and small industrial space heating applications. These systems help reduce fossil fuel consumption and GHG emissions by managing variable energy supply and demand.

Figure 14. Typical schematic of a solar-thermal energy storage. The proposed system uses water as the storage medium. At low–medium temperature, water is one of the best storage media: it has relatively high specific heat capacity, is chem...

AI summary The text discusses a solar-thermal energy storage system using water as the storage medium, suitable for building applications such as space heating and domestic hot water production. It outlines assumptions for a technical and financial analysis of installing thermal energy storage (TES) systems in eight large facilities and mentions a grant provided by the Nova Scotia Department of Energy and Mines to support low-carbon energy projects.

[26]. Table 1 shows yearly cost and GHG emissions for the current installed heating system in eight high- demand facilities. Table 1. Current heating systems Digby Submissions February 14, 2020 Page 32 of 62 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Rep...

AI summary The text presents a table outlining the current heating systems in eight high-demand facilities in the Municipality of the District of Digby, including fuel oil consumption, energy cost, heat load, and annual costs. The data is part of a submission by Sigma Energy Storage Inc. to Nova Scotia Power as part of the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) final report.

20474 $0.13 165614 21 Provincial Building 44149 $0.13 357121 46 The output power of PV panels is estimated based on the model described in appendix I. Installing 40 kW PV panels can generate 56 MWh energy per year. The systems were design...

AI summary The text discusses the installation of 40 kW PV panels, which can generate 56 MWh of energy annually, and highlights the financial and environmental benefits of solar thermal energy storage systems for high-demand facilities, as presented in Table 2 and Figure 15.

ar thermal energy storage for the high-demand facilities are presented in Table 2 and Figure 15. Table 2. Financial and environmental benefits of solar thermal energy storage systems S-TES Heat Fuel oil GHG Fuel cost Net Benefit Payback Fa...

AI summary The text presents a table outlining the financial and environmental benefits of solar thermal energy storage (S-TES) systems at various facilities in Nova Scotia, including fuel oil savings, GHG reduction, and payback periods, with subsidies considered.

3.9 Provincial Building 56400 7050 16 $7.32 $6.13 3.9 Considering NS Low Carbon Communities Grant Digby Submissions February 14, 2020 Page 33 of 62 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 174 of 321 Storage Systems for the Munic...

AI summary The text discusses the implementation of solar thermal energy storage (TES) systems at Digby General Hospital and Digby Regional High School. It highlights the reduction in oil consumption and GHG emissions, as well as the payback period for these systems. The analysis considers a 15-year payback period and presents recommended designs for both facilities.

r example, during the summer time (mid-July to mid-August), PV-TES system can deliver around 114 MWh electricity for the hospital which is enough to run an 8000 BTU air conditioner in 42 rooms [30]. 3.5.2 Biomass Direct Combustion System U...

AI summary The text discusses the use of a PV-TES system for providing electricity to a hospital during the summer, and describes a biomass direct combustion system that generates both heat and electricity using a Rankine cycle, with potential cost savings from using cold water from the ocean or Bay of Fundy for condensation.

unicipality of the District of Digby Sigma Energy Storage Inc. November 2018 - CONFIDENTIAL page 18 The environmental benefits of the biomass direct combustion system are listed in Table 7. 2628 MWh heat energy can save 325 m3 fuel oil eac...

AI summary The document discusses the environmental and economic benefits of a 500-kW biomass direct combustion system, including fuel oil, coal, and natural gas savings, as well as greenhouse gas emission reductions. It also estimates revenue for the Municipality of the District of Digby and Nova Scotia based on fuel costs and carbon tax assumptions.

3.5.3 Energy Storage for Tidal Energy Tidal Energy is classed as a renewable energy source, as the Earth uses the gravitational forces of both the moon and the sun every day to move vast quantities of water around the oceans and seas produ...

AI summary The text discusses tidal energy as a renewable resource, highlighting the Bay of Fundy's high tides and potential for tidal power generation. Specific projects like Grand Passage, Petit Passage, and Digby Gut are mentioned as viable locations for tidal energy development, with Digby Gut's tide heights varying significantly.

the low of 2 meters to a high of 7.6 meters (see Figure 19). In addition to the daily period, the tides show a lunar monthly periodic behavior during which the maximum tide height varies between 7 and 7.6 meters. Figure 19. Predicted hourl...

AI summary The text discusses tidal power development in Digby, highlighting the Port of Digby as a suitable location due to its accessibility and proximity to the designated deployment area in the Bay of Fundy. It also references a submission by Sigma Energy Storage Inc. regarding energy storage systems in the Municipality of the District of Digby.

icipality of the District of Digby Sigma Energy Storage Inc. November 2018 - CONFIDENTIAL page 20 Figure 20. Placed turbine in the Bay of Fundy in 2009 [42] Currently Fundy Tidal and Clean Current Power Systems Inc. have an agreement to te...

AI summary The document discusses tidal energy projects in the Bay of Fundy, including a 65kW tidal turbine and a 1.95-megawatt project in Digby Gut, which is not yet operational. It also describes a Hybrid thermal-compressed air energy storage (HT-CAES) system that uses thermal energy storage (TES) to improve reliability and efficiency, and notes that SNC-Lavalin previously investigated this technology for Nova Scotia Power.

Nominal Power kW 500 1950 Optimum Tidal Power kW 644 2450 Turbo-Expander Power kW 500 1950 Compressor Power kW 550 2040 Storage Capacity kWh 550 2040 Power Generation Improvement by HT-CAES % 18.4 17.4 Additional Power Generation by HT-CAE...

AI summary The text presents data on the performance and benefits of an HT-CAES system integrated with tidal power. It highlights the system's ability to reduce GHG emissions and fuel oil consumption, while generating economic benefits for the Municipality of the District of Digby and Nova Scotia.

s for the Municipality of the District of Digby Sigma Energy Storage Inc. November 2018 - CONFIDENTIAL page 23 PV-TES for 10 5 2 17 9 Hospital & High School Biomass Direct 14 8 6 28 23 Combustion System Energy Storage for 24 10 5 39 43 Tid...

AI summary The document outlines an energy demand analysis for a 22-acre industrial park in the Municipality of the District of Digby, highlighting the need for clean, cheap energy from renewable sources to reduce costs. The area is partially occupied, with 10 acres of available land surrounded by municipal services.

water distribution system, overhead electrical, and paved roads with roadside ditches and culverts for drainage [5]. Figure 7 shows our current knowledge of current industries located in this site. Digby Submissions February 14, 2020 Page...

AI summary The document outlines the energy demand estimation for the Municipality of Digby's industrial park and recommends biomass energy development to reduce fossil fuel use and GHG emissions, aiming to create an eco-industrial park with environmental and economic benefits.

elopment of biomass energies. The main goal is to reduce fossil fuels consumption and to reduce GHG emissions. The recommended solution can not only have environmental benefits, but also economically. 4.2.1 Clean Microgrid with Biomass CHP...

AI summary The text discusses the development of a clean microgrid with a biomass CHP system using wood waste to generate electricity and heat. It highlights the environmental and economic benefits, emphasizing carbon neutrality through tree replanting and the reduction of fossil fuel use and GHG emissions.

• Has abundant, dispatchable energy capacity • Enables greater use of renewable power • Is stable and dependable • Brings cost of electricity to below grid average • Reduces fuel oil consumption and therefore • Reduces GHG emissions and bl...

AI summary The text highlights the benefits of a microgrid system for an industrial park, including reduced fuel oil consumption, GHG emissions, and cost savings. It outlines assumptions for a technical and financial analysis, such as fuel costs, carbon tax, and financing parameters, and references optimization methods to minimize energy costs while meeting demand.

8 am to 4 pm and it is 2126 kW. The average daily demand is 788 kW. The details are presented in Table 13. Table 13. Recommended biomass direct combustion system for the industrial park Required Steam Turbine (kW) 2200 Required Wood (38% m...

AI summary The text discusses a biomass direct combustion system for an industrial park, outlining its energy output, fuel requirements, and cost. It also highlights the environmental benefits, including GHG emission reductions and potential revenue from fossil fuel savings and carbon tax. Tables 13 and 14 are referenced to support the analysis.

icipality of the District of Digby (up to $145k/year) and Nova Scotia Power (up to $4.2M/year) (Table 15). Table 14. Environmental benefits of the 2.2 MW biomass direct combustion system Coal Saving (tonne/year) 1121-1622 Natural Gas Savin...

AI summary The text discusses the environmental and economic benefits of a 2.2 MW biomass direct combustion system, including fuel savings and GHG reductions. It also highlights the energy cost trends of a clean microgrid system over 20 years and the potential job creation from its deployment in an industrial park.

. Figure 24. Microgrid energy cost versus energy price in NS Table 16. Total direct and indirect Jobs created for each recommended solution (person per year). Digby Submissions February 14, 2020 Page 45 of 62 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Re...

AI summary The document includes a figure illustrating microgrid energy cost versus energy price in Nova Scotia and a table showing the total direct and indirect jobs created for each recommended solution. It also references a submission by Digby and an appendix from Nova Scotia Power's IRP Final Report discussing storage systems.

Phase Phase Phase Jobs Jobs Clean Microgrid 23 10 5 38 40 5 Other Possible Opportunities 5.1 An Electrical Port 5.2 Solar Energy Solar energy, radiation from the Sun capable of producing heat, causing chemical reactions, or generating elec...

AI summary The document discusses solar energy, its production through photovoltaics and concentrated solar power, and highlights Digby County's photovoltaic potential in Nova Scotia. It also references Nova Scotia's 2015 Electricity Plan, which committed to introducing a new solar energy program to support a clean electricity system.

ince’s 2015 Electricity Plan: Our Electricity Future [53], Nova Scotia committed to introducing a new solar energy program. This program would help Nova Scotia move to a clean electricity system in Digby Submissions February 14, 2020 Page...

AI summary Nova Scotia committed to a new solar energy program in 2015 to move toward a clean electricity system. The document discusses the installation of PV panels in Digby, estimating their yearly production and levelized cost of energy. It highlights the need for higher resolution solar irradiation data and the use of hourly radiation estimates for accuracy.

-10 ¢/kWh. Figure 26. a) Average direct normal radiation for Digby over the last 10 years [57]; b) Hourly power output of a 110 W PV panel for over a year. 5.3 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) i...

AI summary This section discusses Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC), a method of generating electricity by utilizing temperature differences between surface and deep ocean waters. It describes the process, including the use of thermoelectric modules and Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC), and references figures illustrating ocean depth and temperature gradients in the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine.

r the Municipality of the District of Digby Sigma Energy Storage Inc. November 2018 - CONFIDENTIAL page 33 6 Conclusions Energy storage is a valuable tool for reducing electric bills, making facilities resilient, and earning revenue, espec...

AI summary The document discusses the benefits of energy storage and renewable resources in the Municipality of the District of Digby, Nova Scotia, including economic and environmental advantages. It outlines four systems under consideration, such as PV-Thermal Energy Storage and biomass systems, and references a table summarizing their technical and financial analyses.

Recommended Goal Environmental Economical Socio-economic System Benefits Benefits benefits PV-Thermal Ecotourism For the hospital: Up to $52,500 for 17 person per Energy Storage for the hospital and year direct jobs 52% fuel oil saving Loc...

AI summary The document outlines recommended energy systems and their benefits. PV-Thermal Energy Storage for local facilities offers environmental benefits like fuel oil savings and economic benefits such as cost savings and job creation. A biomass combustion system also provides environmental and economic benefits, including reduced fossil fuel use and revenue for the municipality.

- Natural Gas (up to 43,000 Revenue for Nova m3/year) Scotia: Up to $57,000 per year - Reduce the GHG emissions (up to 1211 tonne/year) Energy Storage for Ecotourism For Grand/Petit For Grand/Petit For Grand/Petit Tidal Energy Passage: Pas...

AI summary The document outlines revenue and environmental benefits associated with energy storage for tidal energy projects in Nova Scotia. It highlights reductions in fossil fuel consumption, GHG emissions, and job creation in specific regions, along with revenue generated for Nova Scotia and local municipalities.

Scotia: Up to m3/year) $35,000 per year 139 person per year direct jobs - Reduce the and 147 person For Digby Gut: GHG emissions per year indirect (up to 294 job tonne/year) Revenue for the Municipality: For Digby Gut: Up to $504,000 per y...

AI summary The text outlines potential environmental and economic benefits of a project in Digby Gut, including reductions in GHG emissions, fossil fuel consumption, and revenue generation for both the municipality and Nova Scotia. It highlights the reduction of up to 294 tonnes of GHG emissions annually and revenue up to $504,000 per year for the municipality and $128,000 per year for Nova Scotia.

to 97,000 m3/year) - Reduce the GHG emissions Digby Submissions February 14, 2020 Page 53 of 62 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 194 of 321 Storage Systems for the Municipality of the District of Digby Sigma Energy Storag...

AI summary The document outlines a submission by Digby regarding GHG emission reduction goals and references a confidential report by Nova Scotia Power on energy storage systems for the Municipality of the District of Digby.

for the Municipality of the District of Digby Sigma Energy Storage Inc. November 2018 - CONFIDENTIAL page 35 (up to 1079 tonne/year) Clean Microgrid Eco Industrial Reduction Fossil LCOE: 7.2 ¢/kWh 38 person per with Biomass CHP Park fuel c...

AI summary The document outlines a clean microgrid project with a biomass combined heat and power (CHP) system for the Municipality of the District of Digby, proposing reductions in fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, along with potential economic benefits for the municipality and Nova Scotia.

[16] D. Griffin, How Hospitals Use Energy, Facilitiesnet. (n.d.). https://www.facilitiesnet.com/energyefficiency/article/How-Hospitals-Use-Energy-Facilities- Management-Energy-Efficiency-Feature 16905. [17] Garbage, Recycling and Compost -...

AI summary The text provides a list of references related to energy use in hospitals, biomass energy, energy storage technologies, and renewable energy initiatives in Digby, Nova Scotia, as well as academic publications on energy storage and thermal energy systems.

http://www.alternative-energy-tutorials.com/tidal-energy/tidal-energy.html. [36] Tidal Energy, Munic. Dist. Digby. (n.d.). https://www.digbydistrict.ca/tidal.html. [37] Bay of Fundy, Ocean Networks Canada. (n.d.). http://www.oceannetworks....

AI summary The text provides a list of references and links related to energy topics, including tidal energy, solar energy, and energy storage technologies. It includes information about the Bay of Fundy, legislation related to tidal power, and various energy efficiency and renewable energy resources.

9. [51] Complete Guide For Solar Power Nova Scotia 2018, Sol. Panel Power Canada. (n.d.). https://solarpanelpower.ca/nova-scotia/. [52] Canadian Solar Power Resource Maps, Sol. Panel Power Canada. (n.d.). https://solarpanelpower.ca/solar-p...

AI summary The text lists several references related to solar power in Nova Scotia, including guides, resource maps, and energy plans, as well as a submission by Sigma Energy Storage Inc. regarding storage systems for the Municipality of the District of Digby.

ova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 200 of 321 EcoStruxure Microgrid Advisor Connect, monitor, and control your facility’s Distributed Energy Resources (DER) to optimize performance

AI summary The text references EcoStruxure Microgrid Advisor, a tool used to connect, monitor, and control Distributed Energy Resources (DER) in order to optimize performance.

Features • Provides visibility and control to all of your DER in a single platform »» Solar power »» HVAC systems »» EV charging stations »» Lighting systems »» Batteries »» Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) »» Wind energy »» Combined Hea...

AI summary The text highlights a platform that provides visibility and control over distributed energy resources (DER) such as solar power, batteries, and combined heat and power systems. It emphasizes seamless connectivity, system reliability, and optimization features like demand control and tariff management.

ired electricity is a critical policy that can help ensure affordable, clean electricity for Nova Scotians and help to avoid the worst climate impacts and ongoing human health impacts of burning coal. With regional electricity planning, fe...

AI summary The Ecology Action Centre (EAC) submits a report advocating for the phase-out of coal-fired electricity in Nova Scotia to ensure affordable, clean energy and support a just transition for coal workers and communities. The report was submitted in November 2019 and discusses a low-carbon transition for Nova Scotia’s electricity systems by 2030.

ccelerating the Coal Phase Out: Nova Scotia and the Climate Emergency A technical report and modelling analysis of a low-carbon transition for Nova Scotia’s electricity and energy systems by 2030’ The report offers a low-carbon scenario ba...

AI summary This report outlines a low-carbon transition for Nova Scotia's electricity and energy systems by 2030, focusing on a complete phase-out of coal. It includes a 7% drop in electricity demand, increased energy efficiency, the addition of renewable energy sources, and the integration of energy storage and transmission upgrades.

r power in Nova Scotia, with the addition of about 480 MW  Building a second transmission link to New Brunswick, and importing about 200MW of existing hydroelectricity capacity from Quebec. Although this report is not primarily an economi...

AI summary The report outlines a low-carbon pathway for Nova Scotia Power, including measures such as adding 480 MW of renewable power, building a transmission link to New Brunswick, and importing 200 MW of hydroelectricity from Quebec. It estimates a net annual cost of $200 million, which is about half of one percent of Nova Scotia's economic output. The measures are expected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by over 69% below 2005 levels by 2030.

osed by Nova Scotia, or the 2030-2040 period should be removed from this analysis entirely until such a time that clarity on future equivalency for the post-2030 period can be reached. c. Complete Coal Phase-Out Scenario Given the uncertai...

AI summary The EAC recommends removing the 2030-2040 period from analysis due to uncertainty regarding future equivalency agreements and supports a coal phase-out scenario by 2029. The EAC emphasizes the need for a just and affordable transition for affected communities and workers.

nsure Nova Scotia sets a pathway to phasing out coal-fired electricity generation, and looks forward to working with all partners toward the just transition to a prosperous, green economy. Thank you for your consideration, Stephen Thomas E...

AI summary Stephen Thomas of the Ecology Action Centre advocates for Nova Scotia to establish a pathway for phasing out coal-fired electricity generation and transitioning to a green economy. The text references Ecology Action Centre's reports and external resources on coal phase-out and equivalency agreements.

1 IV. Provision of essential grid services for system stability and reliability (slide four, row four) 2 E1 recommends the following: 3 • all CRPs that do not meet requirements for essential grid services be eliminated at the 4 reliability...

AI summary E1 recommends eliminating CRPs that fail to meet essential grid service requirements during reliability screenings and incorporating integration costs into the IRP NPV. EfficiencyOne questions how robustness is measured and suggests combining it with the 25-year NPV metric. They also recommend quantifying total emissions per CRP and clearly defining metrics for other emissions types.

Friis, Regulatory Affairs Officer/Clerk Nova Scotia Utility and Review Board 3rd Floor, 1601 Lower Water Street Halifax, Nova Scotia B3J 3S3 Via email: [email protected] February 14, 2020 Re: M08929 – Integrated Resource Planni...

AI summary Envigour Policy Consulting Inc., acting on behalf of QUEST and Marine Renewables Canada, supports Nova Scotia Power’s approach to Integrated Resource Planning (IRP) but raises concerns regarding assumptions about the future costs of instream tidal energy and the evolving value of offshore wind. The submission outlines areas where the modelling should reflect different assumptions and highlights QUEST’s research on the emerging role of Distributed Energy Resources (DER).

Envigour Memo Februray 18, 2020 Page 2 of 13 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 240 of 321 Current and Future CAPEX for Instream Tidal Resources Definition of Technologies Considered Unlike conventional hydro or tidal barra...

AI summary The document outlines current and future capital expenditures (CAPEX) for instream tidal resources in Nova Scotia, detailing different technologies and their deployment. It distinguishes between large-scale and small-scale tidal projects, including specific examples such as DP Energy’s Uisce Tapa Project and Sustainable Marine Energy’s Pempa’q Project.

FORCE2. The first phase will use 3 PLAT-I for a total of 1.26 MW with plans to build up to 9 MW at FORCE. SME is currently refining designs for PLAT-I next generation through testing in Grand Passage. Nova Innovation is working toward a 1....

AI summary The text discusses various tidal energy projects in Nova Scotia, including initiatives by FORCE, Nova Innovation, Big Moon Power, and Jupiter Hydro. These projects involve different technologies and scales, with some aiming to generate power for NS Power at specific rates.

rid and sold to NS Power at $0.50 kwh6 at a site near, but not at FORCE. Jupiter uses helical screw7s to capture the force of the tidal current to drive a generator. The technology is surface mounted. Global Industry Perspective Given the...

AI summary The text discusses tidal energy technology deployed by Jupiter near FORCE, using helical screw turbines. It references a 2018 Market Study by Ocean Energy Europe, highlighting global trends in tidal energy costs and deployment expectations. The study suggests declining costs as technology matures and projects a significant increase in deployments by 2030. Schotell Hydro's small-scale technology is also mentioned with an assumed 15% learning rate for IRP assumptions.

tive when industries like wind (onshore and offshore) have achieved 16-18%, and of course once a technology reaches maturity this rate slows down a bit, but I don’t see us reaching this point by 2030. So if you were to look at just our tec...

AI summary The text discusses the cost trajectory of tidal energy deployment in Nova Scotia, noting that initial deployment rates may be high but will slow as technology matures. It also critiques the assumption that tidal technology is equivalent to custom-designed hydro projects, arguing that this underpins an overestimated $10 million CAPEX figure by 2030.

rmore, the underpinning of the NS Power consultant’s assumptions that tidal technology deployed and to be deployed in Nova Scotia is equivalent to a custom-designed hydro project is in fact erroneous. Furthermore, although any and all pred...

AI summary The text critiques the assumption that tidal technology is equivalent to a custom-designed hydro project and highlights the potential value of offshore wind technology, particularly with advancements in turbine capacity factors. It suggests using a lower CAPEX figure for tidal projects and emphasizes the importance of capturing the full value of offshore wind in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP).

ant could provide explicit assurance the modelling will capture the value of such a high capacity factor. 9 https://www.ge.com/renewableenergy/wind-energy/offshore-wind/haliade-x-offshore-turbine Envigour Memo Februray 18, 2020 Page 5 of 1...

AI summary The document discusses the rapid innovation in energy technologies driven by the need to reduce carbon emissions and develop cost-effective solutions. It highlights the role of distributed energy resources such as energy efficiency, renewable energy, energy storage, and microgrids in transforming energy systems.

defined in the report as technologies for energy efficiency, renewable and other local supplies of energy, energy storage and management, and microgrids (including electric vehicle charging stations). We submit the report and its extensive...

AI summary The report highlights the dynamic nature of technology prices and innovation in energy efficiency, renewables, and DER, noting that variables are in constant motion. It emphasizes the rapid pace of adoption driven by innovation and business strategies, similar to the evolution of consumer electronics.

o account, and not simply leave it in the hands of taxpayers to resolve. Principles for Risk Reduction in IRP Under conditions of rapid and disruptive change several principles regarding risk emerge: First and foremost, all other things be...

AI summary The text discusses principles for risk reduction in Integrated Resource Planning (IRP), emphasizing the importance of flexible and adaptive investments with shorter payback periods. It argues that long-term investments, such as 15 to 20-year power purchase agreements (PPAs), may be less economical than anticipated, while investments in carbon-emitting resources are generally riskier than those in renewable energy technologies.

This principle is not absolute - a case may be made for “peaker” natural gas generators especially ones that could be converted to hydrogen or use a combination of hydrogen and renewable natural gas. A risk-adverse planning framework would...

AI summary The text discusses the importance of embracing DER and net-zero goals in the IRP, emphasizing that scenarios relying on carbon-emitting resources beyond 2050 are risky and imprudent. It highlights the need to support customer choice and satisfaction through DER, which offers short-term paybacks and resiliency.

be ignored or rejected when considering only lowest-cost compliant scenarios. Ones that include DER should be preferred against ones that do not, especially when the levelized costs are not far apart. After the IRP The IRP assumptions need...

AI summary The text emphasizes the importance of incorporating DER in integrated resource planning (IRP) and updating IRP assumptions regularly through expert input. It also highlights the need for testing programs and strategies to develop evidence for DER's value and support pilots to reduce energy poverty. Smart energy communities and their policy development are also referenced.

ng on distributed energy resources and the opportunity to support the development of smart energy communities. The detailed technical and policy thinking behind their work is attached to this report. Envigour Memo Februray 18, 2020 Page 8...

AI summary The text discusses the concept of Smart Energy Communities, emphasizing the integration of local, renewable, and conventional energy sources to meet energy needs in an efficient, clean, and affordable manner. It highlights the importance of aligning energy policy with community priorities and land use planning.

and wastewater, waste management, personal mobility, goods movement, and building design decisions 2. Optimize exergy – avoid using high-quality 2. Match energy options to local context – local energy in low-quality applications climate, b...

AI summary The text outlines strategies for energy efficiency and sustainability, emphasizing exergy optimization, heat management, waste reduction, renewable energy use, strategic energy delivery systems, and policy stability. It highlights the importance of using local resources, managing risks, and ensuring cost-effective and flexible approaches to energy systems.

tems and consistent and predictable decision-making use them as a resource to ensure reliability environment to sustain investor confidence and for energy storage to meet varying demands 1 Envigour Memo Februray 18, 2020 Page 9 of 13 Nova...

AI summary The text discusses the need for a new framework to address climate change and energy policy in Canada, emphasizing the importance of local energy solutions and Smart Energy Communities. It highlights the role of communities in energy use and greenhouse gas emissions and suggests that smart energy communities and QUEST offer real solutions to key challenges.

Envigour Memo Februray 18, 2020 Page 10 of 13 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 248 of 321 recognition that energy consumers and citizens first value the fundamental integrity of their energy delivery systems: safe, reliab...

AI summary The text emphasizes the importance of safe, reliable, and affordable energy systems while highlighting the need for communities to prioritize local environmental and social issues. It advocates for technological change guided by performance standards and price signals rather than specific technologies, allowing communities to choose solutions that best fit their unique conditions.

nities to make assets out of local waste (domestic, agricultural or industrial) or diverse local renewable energy options. Smart Energy Communities figure this out and select what works best for them. 3) Maximizing the value of all our ass...

AI summary The text discusses the importance of Smart Energy Communities in leveraging local waste and renewable energy, maximizing existing infrastructure value, and emphasizing institutional innovation in energy systems. It highlights the need for careful planning and regulatory adaptation to support technological advancements and community-driven energy solutions.

can offer improved prospects for civil dialogue and more stable conditions for change. Smart Energy Communities, by definition, spend less time shouting at each other and more on building the future. 6) Restoring public trust and confidenc...

AI summary The text discusses the importance of restoring public trust in decision-making institutions through inclusive processes and highlights the challenges and changes in the power grid due to climate events, technological advancements, and the need for local resilience and GHG emission reductions.

ys to generate and manage energy at the local level - digitization, automation • A global drive to reduce GHG emissions • Local revenue generation and energy cost security and stability Communities have new energy solutions available to th...

AI summary The text discusses the impact of new energy solutions on communities and the challenges faced by energy service providers and system operators. It highlights changes in business models, customer relationships, and grid management due to advancements in local energy generation and distribution.

Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 253 of 321 To: Nova Scotia Power (NSP) – Integrated, Resource Planning Team From: Jon Sorenson, Hydrostor Re: Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage (A-CAES) As communicated on our teleconference, Hyd...

AI summary Hydrostor is proposing its Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage (A-CAES) technology to Nova Scotia Power as a solution for balancing the grid as the company retires assets and increases reliance on intermittent renewable energy sources.

and demand, effectively integrating abundant amounts of low-cost, intermittent renewable generation (e.g. on- or off-shore wind), while maintaining reliability and security of supply. Additionally, we believe that a portfolio based on A-CA...

AI summary The text discusses the integration of renewable generation with A-CAES, highlighting its potential to reduce operating costs and increase the rate base for Nova Scotia Power, offering economic benefits to rate payers through lower costs and a more competitive supply model.

Once constructed, A-CAES systems operate in much the same manner as natural gas–fired generating stations and, through the use of analogous turbines, can deliver the same suite of ancillary services and capacity, without any greenhouse-gas...

AI summary A-CAES systems function similarly to natural gas-fired generating stations but without greenhouse gas emissions. They provide various ancillary services and can replace traditional fossil fuel plants. Unlike inverter-based systems, A-CAES systems have long lifespans and no performance degradation. Hydrostor is continuously working to improve the technology and reduce costs.

ated with different scenarios. For example, scenarios which rely on new/unproven technology, or very ambitious DSM achievements, may carry additional risk regarding implementation and risk of failure. Operational Constraints associated wit...

AI summary The text discusses the importance of modeling operational constraints in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) process, particularly for renewable integration. Key grid services such as ramping reserve, system strength, and reactive support are identified as essential to ensure system stability and security when integrating renewable resources.

model to integrate renewable resources at any level by ensuring provision of the services. 2 Page Natural Forces Memo February 14, 2020 Page 2 of 4 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 271 of 321 We suggest inclusion of VAR s...

AI summary The document suggests reconsidering the inclusion of VAR support as a binding constraint in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) model, noting that it can often be resolved with low-cost solutions. It also highlights concerns about using the Stability Study for determining grid service requirements due to its focus on extreme scenarios rather than normal conditions.

there may be learnings that can be taken from it, care must be applied as the scenarios modelled in the Stability Study do not reflect “normal” system conditions and normal grid service requirements. We would appreciate further understandi...

AI summary The text discusses the importance of setting appropriate limits for Grid Services in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) model, emphasizing the need for caution in modeling scenarios that do not reflect normal grid conditions. It highlights opportunities for existing and new generation plants, as well as renewable sources, to contribute to grid services and the potential of demand-side contributions to short-term reserves.

es has also been very successful (e.g. demand side contribution to short-term operating reserves has been very successful. This can also offset or contribute to ramping requirements.). We would welcome further information on the assumption...

AI summary The text discusses the success of demand side management in contributing to short-term operating reserves and the importance of interconnector treatment in the IRP modelling. It requests further information on assumptions regarding grid service capabilities and interconnector flows, highlighting their impact on grid reliability and renewable energy integration.

. There needs to be specificity as to how the revenue requirements will be determined for fillllual expenditures, ie multi-year amortiz.ation. A question that then arises is whether it is a variable. The SBA believes that the incorporation...

AI summary The SBA raises concerns about the revenue requirements for multi-year amortization and the exclusion of distributed generation in the IRP. They emphasize the need for further discussion on DSM and DER integration, as well as the modeling of customer economics and solar policies.

va Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 286 of 321 IRP Assumptions – Participant Comments March 11, 2020 Category Participant Assumption Comment NS Power Response 3. Envigour Need to assume net-zero is ≥ 85-90% carbon-free (using...

AI summary Envigour (Bruce Cameron) suggests that the IRP should assume net-zero emissions are at least 85-90% carbon-free by 2050, using existing pipelines with carbon-free fuels like hydrogen and renewable natural gas. NS Power responds that the scenarios already incorporate GHG emission profiles compliant with the SDGA and more stringent than current regulatory requirements.

reports that developers believe “low cost of renewables” a facility of 50MW to 100MW installed capacity. scenario prices are easily achievable NSP should indicate at what project size the costing is associated 4. Supply Side AREA Need to c...

AI summary The text discusses the cost of renewable energy projects, with developers suggesting that low costs for renewables are achievable. It also mentions the need for Nova Scotia Power (NSP) to clarify the project size associated with specific costing. Alternative non-NSP capital costs and sensitivities for wind and storage are considered for modeling purposes.

4. Supply Side CA Supply side capacity options should include flexible solar The model will be free to select combinations of Options (Chernick & (for dispatch control for ancillary services) and hybrid renewable generators and energy stor...

AI summary The text discusses supply-side capacity options, emphasizing flexible solar and hybrid renewable-storage resources. It requests more information on NSP's cost assumptions, citing a 2019 study and updates based on 2019 data. Solar PV costs have decreased, and gas costs are expected to be 20% lower.

e updated early in 2020 based on 2019 actual data [and CT] gas costs should be 20% lower per NREL ATB that became available after the original study was completed. Storage technologies O&M should be variable and not fixed; should include c...

AI summary The document discusses updates to gas costs and assumptions related to supply-side technologies in the IRP Final Report. It highlights discrepancies in storage technology O&M costs and the need to combine capex and opex with financing assumptions for accurate revenue requirement profiles.

Explicitly identify LCOE values from E3 Resource Options Study 4. Supply Side Dalhousie Scenarios w/ more grid sharing from provinces w/ hydro NS Power has added a Regional Integration resource Options and micro-grid structures strategy to...

AI summary The document discusses supply-side options for energy generation in Nova Scotia, including regional integration strategies, coal-to-gas conversions, natural gas-fired combined cycle turbines, and compressed air energy storage. NS Power is evaluating these options within the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and considering reliability and capital costs.

Side JFS Consider compressed air energy storage (stored in The IRP will consider sensitivities on both Low and High Options Hydrostor underground caverns and released to surface turbine to Capital Cost of Storage which will encompass the r...

AI summary The document discusses considerations for compressed air energy storage and in-stream tidal energy as part of the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP). Hydrostor's cost range for compressed air storage is noted, and concerns are raised about the high assumptions for in-stream tidal energy due to limited industry experience and site-specific costs.

4. Supply Side Natural The cost of wind $2100 is 15% higher than Natural Forces The low wind sensitivity included in the final assumption Options Forces experience on slide 35. set is $1500/kW which is in line with the 2019 Lazard low cost...

AI summary The document discusses supply-side options in Nova Scotia, including the cost of wind energy, energy storage, smart grid technologies, EVs, tidal energy, and solar gardens. It highlights challenges in transmission, the need for microgrids, and the lack of modeling for distribution systems in the Integrated Resource Plan.

NS Power has included costs for solar generation in our Installation of solar garden suggested. supply options based on the E3 Supply Options Study. 8 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 290 of 321 IRP Assumptions – Particip...

AI summary NS Power has included solar generation costs in supply options based on the E3 Supply Options Study. The IRP assumptions include updated capital and operating costs for lithium ion battery systems, reflecting 2019 data.

Storage in PLEXOS allows these resources to provide capacity, energy, and operating reserves. Charging cost is calculated in the production model dynamically. Battery Storage contributions to essential grid services will be considered both...

AI summary The text discusses battery storage contributions to grid services within the PLEXOS model and mentions the E1 Potential Study related to supply-side options under the Regional Integration resource strategy, including assumptions about access to firm capacity via new transmission up to 800 MW and associated costs.

istributed Resources scenario will provide (Distributed because won’t be selected by model due to cost is a information as to the potential impacts of these Energy shortcoming. Needs to be recognition of existence of technologies will have...

AI summary The text discusses the integration of distributed energy resources (DER) in Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), including the need to evaluate BTM thermal energy storage, the economic signals influencing customer adoption of DER, and the impact of DER on peak energy requirements. It also highlights the cost competitiveness of energy thermal storage (ETS) and the importance of testing solar ratemaking and net metering policies.

10. Imports CA Reflect correlation of temperature & load (NL, NS & NB) This type of granularity is not included in NS Power’s long (Chernick & and availability /cost of imports. term planning model. Wilson) 10. Imports CA Potential cost of...

AI summary The text discusses the impact of imports on Nova Scotia Power's planning model, including the correlation of temperature and load, potential costs of new transmission, the significance of an 800 MW tie line, and the assumption that imports may underestimate emissions from New Brunswick. Reliability and operability screening is also mentioned as part of the process.

Category Participant Assumption Comment NS Power Response 13. Sustaining SBA Revised assumptions included significant changes to The more significant change in basis of presentation was Capital sustaining capital forecast for coal, CTs and...

AI summary The document discusses revisions to sustaining capital forecasts for coal, CTs, and small hydro, as well as the need for realistic assumptions regarding wind and solar integration strategies and costs. NS Power responded to these points, noting changes in financial assumptions and suggesting a technology conference to explore integration options.

ystem deliverable. operations (NS/NB); better integration w/ NE market; sub-hourly scheduling and dispatch; real-time forecasts to reflect best practices • Use DR strategies to facilitate wind/solar energy integration (incl. space/H20 heat...

AI summary The text discusses strategies for integrating renewable energy into the grid, including the use of demand response (DR) strategies, curtailment of surplus wind and solar generation, and flexible hydro imports. It also suggests reconsidering the inclusion of VAR support as a key operational parameter, with potential solutions like synchronous condensers.

Category Participant Assumption Comment NS Power Response 14. Renewable Natural Setting required minimum levels for remaining NS Power agrees that these more detailed wind Integration Forces requirements important - synchronous inertia int...

AI summary Natural Forces argue that renewable integration requirements should consider synchronous inertia based on the largest system infeed/outfeed, but NS Power finds it difficult to model this in the IRP and will use static values. They also note that the PSC Stability study models specific contingencies, but additional analyses will be done during the Reliability and Operability phases.

during the Reliability and Operability assessment phases of the IRP modeling plan. 14. Renewable Natural Proposed grid service level limits should be low rather NS Power agrees; resource portfolios with high levels of Integration Forces th...

AI summary The text discusses the importance of considering grid service level limits and the flexibility of renewable resources during the Reliability and Operability assessment phases of the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) modeling plan. NS Power agrees with the approach and emphasizes the need to analyze variable generation's contribution to ancillary services and grid reliability.

Category Participant Assumption Comment NS Power Response 15. Natural Treatment of interconnectors critical. NS Power agrees that additional transmission Interconnection Forces Firm imports could support transition to lower GHG interconnec...

AI summary The text discusses concerns regarding interconnection and transmission and distribution (T&D) systems, including the impact of interconnectors on renewable energy integration and the limitations of the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) in considering substation-level capacity. NS Power acknowledges the importance of interconnections and has included additional assumptions to support renewable integration.

1.4 Analysis Plan E1 – Feb 14 2020 Eliminate plans at reliability/operability screening if NS Power agrees that plans which do not Evaluation Criteria they do not meet requirements for essential grid meet the standards of the Resource and...

AI summary The document outlines evaluation criteria for grid services and resource portfolios, including the consideration of integration costs and reliability/operability screening. NS Power agrees to evaluate wind integration costs based on the PSC Stability Study and will not consider plans that fail to meet grid service standards.

Stakeholder input evaluate a broad range of potential outcomes during the IRP process. 2.2 Scenarios Digby Transmission grid (69 kV line) from Tremont to The capacity expansion modeling of the IRP Drivers Yarmouth impedes area’s ability to...

AI summary The document discusses stakeholder input on scenarios for the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), including transmission grid constraints, electrification of buildings and transportation, and the impact of electrification scenarios on load forecasts and long-term energy requirements.

High electrification logical w/ coal phase-out of scenarios in the IRP modeling in order to capture the uncertainty of potential futures. Pathways excluded industrial & marine sectors from electrification or other load growth drivers but T...

AI summary The document discusses the integration of high electrification scenarios in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) modeling, including the exclusion of industrial and marine sectors from electrification in some pathways. It also addresses the potential for retiring coal units when economically viable and the testing of early coal closure strategies.

Category Participant Comment NSP Response 3.1 Screening Dalhousie Need to show how grid resiliency modelled in Applicable reliability targets will be met by Reliability scenarios viable resource portfolios. Transmission & Distribution cons...

AI summary The document discusses grid resiliency modeling and reliability targets, noting that the IRP model does not account for location-specific storm hardening. It also addresses the evaluation of resource strategies under the Comparator case, with NS Power arguing that non-compliance with the SDGA makes additional strategies unnecessary.

which combines a Low Electrification load with an SDGA compliant GHG trajectory which will be tested against both the Current Landscape and Regional Integration resource strategies. 5.0 Portfolios E1 – February 14 2020 Request a preferred...

AI summary The document discusses the need for a preferred resource plan (PRP) as part of the 2014 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), emphasizing the importance of selecting an electrification scenario based on likelihood and stakeholder input. It also references the Sustainable Development Goals Act (SDGA) and GHG trajectory compliance.

Scenario A Driver 1 Scenario B X Driver 2 B1 B2 B3 C1 C2 C3 Scenario C Driver 3 D1 D2 D3 Scenario D Variations such as resource costs or focus Variations likely focused on on specific resource Sensitivity Analysis coal closure timing, type...

AI summary The document outlines different scenarios (A, B, C, D) and their drivers, focusing on variations such as coal closure timing, electricity load, and carbon emission reduction levels. It also mentions sensitivity analysis and impact testing related to the 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and the modeling plan.

(58% reduction (78% reduction (90% reduction (100% reduction Reduction to 0 Mt by 2050 from 2005) from 2005) from 2005) from 2005) 2020 IRP SCENARIOS AND MODELING PLAN 3 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 315 of 321 KEY POL...

AI summary The text presents scenarios and modeling plans from the 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) by Nova Scotia Power, focusing on key policy drivers such as greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets and coal closure policies. It outlines different scenarios for load changes, electrification, and energy efficiency measures.

IRP SCENARIOS AND MODELING PLAN 6 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix H Page 318 of 321 RESOURCE STRATEGIES Distributed No New Emitting Current Landscape Regional Integration Resources Promoted Resources • New In-Province • Distrib...

AI summary The document outlines resource strategies and modeling plans for the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), emphasizing the promotion of distributed resources and the prioritization of non-emitting resources. It highlights the importance of evaluating key areas of interest in the IRP analysis.

SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS Increase in Low capital Renewable Energy cost of Standard policy wind Low capital Low pricing of import cost of energy storage High High pricing of pricing of natural gas import energy Carbon Fuel security tax/pricing...

AI summary The document outlines a sensitivity analysis focusing on renewable energy standards, capital costs, and pricing of imported energy, as well as carbon tax and fuel security. It also proposes evaluation criteria for an integrated resource plan, emphasizing the minimization of revenue requirements and rate impacts over a 25-year period.

KEY ASSUMPTIONS & POLICY DRIVERS • NS Power has developed assumptions for all major inputs to the IRP model: • Financial • Environmental • Load • Demand Response • Demand Side Management • Imports & Transmission Environmental Policy • Supp...

AI summary NS Power has developed a comprehensive set of assumptions for the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) model, covering financial, environmental, load, demand response, and supply options. These assumptions include GHG scenarios, coal unit retirements, and stakeholder input, allowing the IRP to analyze sensitivity and build insights for monitoring resource plans.

nt is possible if economic Coal Generation Coal Generation retired by 2030 retired by 2040 Sustainable Development Goals Act (Nova Scotia) 2 0 2 0 I R P I N T E R I M M O D E L I N G U P D AT E 4 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix...

AI summary The document discusses the retirement of coal generation by 2030 and 2040, referencing the Sustainable Development Goals Act (Nova Scotia) and the 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) interim modeling update. It highlights the key role of electrification and load growth in the Nova Scotia economy and outlines how NS Power has developed load forecasts by combining four components.

and coal generation retirements; potential for absolute zero CO2 emissions by 2050 • Represents feedback from several stakeholder groups Sustainable Development Goals Act (Nova Scotia) 2 0 2 0 I R P I N T E R I M M O D E L I N G U P D AT E...

AI summary The text discusses key modeling scenarios in the 2020 IRP interim update, including coal generation retirements, potential for absolute zero CO2 emissions by 2050, and feedback from stakeholder groups. It references the Sustainable Development Goals Act (Nova Scotia) and the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP).

D E L I N G U P D AT E 9 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix I Page 12 of 44 MODEL STATUS UPDATES WORK COMPLETED TO DATE • Final Assumptions have been entered into both RESOLVE and PLEXOS models • Significant volume of test runs un...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power is updating the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) by finalizing assumptions in both RESOLVE and PLEXOS models, conducting test runs, and comparing results. The Resource Screening phase is being used to test key model assumptions and support the Initial Portfolio Study, with three specific screenings underway: Diesel CT, Hydro, and Carbon Price.

mproves execution time and solution quality for those runs As part of the IRP, NS Power is undertaking 3 screening analyses: • Diesel CT Screening • Hydro Screening • Carbon Price Screening 2 0 2 0 I R P I N T E R I M M O D E L I N G U P D...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power is conducting three screening analyses as part of the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP): Diesel CT Screening, Hydro Screening, and Carbon Price Screening. The RESOLVE model is used to co-optimize investments and operations to minimize the net present value of the electric system cost, considering factors such as renewable energy, energy storage, transmission, and carbon pricing.

note that in its response to comments on IRP assumptions, NS Power did not respond to our suggestion to consider electrification in the industrial and marine sectors. As NSP continues to refine the electrification assumptions, it should al...

AI summary The text highlights that NSP did not consider electrification in the industrial and marine sectors in its IRP assumptions and declined to add flexible solar and hybrid resources to the model, which may reduce the reliability and operational flexibility of renewable resources and increase reliance on gas-fueled resources.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix I Page 26 of 44 Comments on Interim Modeling Progress Page 5 of 6 Flexible solar (e.g., solar that is curtailed in advance in order to provide upward dispatch flexibility in addition to downward...

AI summary The document discusses the potential of flexible solar and advanced wind/solar technologies to provide operational reserves and system inertia, which could be less expensive than peaker units. It also highlights concerns about wind and solar being screened out in initial capacity expansion modeling due to low assumed capacity benefits, requesting explicit tracking of this issue during evaluations.

avoid potentially over-stating the peak load effects of increased EV penetration. CA-3 Technology Flexible solar and hybrid resource technology options NS Power has continued to work closely with our options should be added to the model. U...

AI summary The text discusses the inclusion of flexible solar and hybrid resource technology options in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) model, noting that NS Power has worked with consultant E3. It highlights concerns about wind and solar pairing effectiveness and mentions considerations of diversity benefits on Planning Reserve Margin calculations.

e and non-renewable resources are handled on from NS Power’s 2020 IRP Modeling Results Release – an equivalent basis. June 26, 2020 Longer averaging period for TUC DAFOR. Unless NS NS Power believes using a three-year average produces Powe...

AI summary The text discusses NS Power's approach to handling renewable and non-renewable resources using its 2020 IRP Modeling Results. It highlights the use of a three-year average for TUC DAFOR to improve forecast accuracy and the removal of an anomalously high DAFOR for TUC1 in 2016.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix I Page 44 of 44 NS Power Interim Modeling Results Stakeholder Feedback (May 2020) No. Topic Comment NS Power Response E1-8 DER A recommendation that cost estimates be put in place NS Power has es...

AI summary Stakeholders recommended including cost estimates for DER resource strategies in NS Power's IRP. NS Power responded that such costs are already estimated in the Initial Portfolio Study Results, but are not included in the revenue requirement calculation as they are not modeled as utility costs.

1 Run the “In” Case: Run RESOLVE with all  The diesel CT screening analysis evaluates existing units in the model to identify optimal the system value of NSP’s diesel CT assets future resource portfolio that meets reliability and GHG goal...

AI summary The text describes a process to evaluate the system value of NSP’s diesel CT assets by running two scenarios in RESOLVE: one including all existing diesel CTs ('in' case) and one excluding them ('out' case). The difference in costs between these scenarios reflects the net system value or cost of the diesel CTs.

ve to alternative resource options; as such replacement energy does not factor into these calculations Diesel Peakers Marginal Value - 1.0.A Diesel Peakers Marginal Value – 2.1.C Levelized Levelized Fixed O&M + Fixed O&M + Sustaining Susta...

AI summary The document discusses the marginal value of diesel peakers and the cost-benefit analysis of replacing them with gas peakers in Nova Scotia. It highlights that while diesel peakers are rarely used, their removal would require new gas peakers to maintain reliability. The economic choice favors gas peakers over alternatives like battery storage. The net present value of maintaining diesel peakers is estimated at ~$186 MM without end effects and ~$240 MM with end effects.

1  The hydro screening analysis assesses the Run the “In” Case: Run RESOLVE with all value of NSP’s hydro assets existing units in the model to identify optimal  E3 performed “in” and “out” cases in RESOLVE future resource portfolio that...

AI summary The hydro screening analysis evaluates the value of NSP’s hydro assets by comparing the costs of sustaining and decommissioning them over a 40-year period. E3 conducted 'in' and 'out' cases in RESOLVE to assess the impact of removing hydro units on the optimal future resource portfolio, considering reliability, GHG goals, and customer costs.

Nova Scotia when Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 24 of 245 Wreck Cove removed from the model Replacement Capacity and Energy when Wreck Cove Removed – 1.0.A.  When Wreck Cove is removed from the system, the model 400 350 Battery bu...

AI summary The removal of Wreck Cove from the model leads to the creation of gas peaker plants to compensate for the lost capacity and energy. The model also includes battery and wind resources in the replacement capacity scenario.

300 Wind

AI summary The text briefly mentions 'Wind' in the context of energy generation, likely referring to wind power as a renewable energy resource. However, the content is minimal and lacks detailed discussion or analysis.

-100 Gas (CCGT) Cove’s energy primarily with 2021 2025 2035 2045 Coal coal before 2030 when emissions are not binding, and Replacement Capacity and Energy when Wreck Cove Removed – 2.1.C. with wind, imports, and gas 400 Battery CCGT after...

AI summary The text presents a comparison of energy sources, including coal, wind, imports, and gas (CCGT and peaker), over different years, highlighting the transition from coal to cleaner energy sources as emissions constraints increase after 2035.

Gas (CCGT) -50 2021 2025 2035 2045 Coal 22 Mersey Hydro: System value provided by Mersey in RESOLVE modeling Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 25 of 245  Mersey provides significant energy value to the system, as well as...

AI summary The document discusses the system value of Mersey Hydro in Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), highlighting its energy and capacity contributions. Mersey is more valuable in scenarios with higher loads and lower carbon targets. Removing Mersey leads to reliance on gas peakers, coal before 2030, and wind, imports, and gas CCGT after 2035.

rimarily with coal before 2030, and with wind, imports, and gas CCGT after Replacement Capacity and Energy when Mersey Removed – 2.1.C. 2035 when emissions become more constrained 24 Small Hydro Groups: System value provided by Hydro Asset...

AI summary The text discusses the value of small hydro systems in Nova Scotia, highlighting their energy and capacity contributions, particularly in scenarios with higher loads and lower carbon targets. It also notes that retaining hydro assets is more cost-effective than replacing them with alternative resources over a 40-year period.

ng horizon on an NPV basis Cost to Replace Small Hydro Assets vs Sustaining Capex (1.0.A) Wreck Cove Mersey 26 Hydro Assets: Total decommissioning costs relative to sustaining operations – 2.1.C Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix...

AI summary The text discusses the cost comparison between replacing small hydro assets and sustaining capital expenditures under different scenarios, including the 2.1C scenario, which involves constrained emissions and higher load leading to increased replacement costs for renewable hydro capacity.

245 RESOURCE SCREENING RESULTS KEY SCENARIOS Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 31 of 245 RESOURCE SCREENING – KEY SCENARIOS • Initial runs of select key scenarios and sensitivities were conducted by E3 using RESOLVE • Earl...

AI summary The document discusses resource screening results and key scenarios analyzed by E3 using RESOLVE and PLEXOS models. It highlights the impact of higher loads and decarbonization targets on renewable energy builds, with regional imports slightly mitigating these effects. NPVs presented are partial revenue requirements considering modeled and external costs.

n and Mid Electrification and Base High Electrification and Max Base DSM DSM DSM NPV ($MM) $12,257 $12,193 $12,215 $12,275 $12,954 $13,468 $13,049 $13,607 $14,948 $15,372 $15,057 $15,854 (2021-2045) Avg. Generation 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.7 8.0...

AI summary The text presents a comparison of different electrification and DSM scenarios, showing net present value (NPV) figures and average generation costs. It highlights the impact of various energy generation combinations on GHG emissions and costs by 2035 and 2045.

ry Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 34 of 245 Comparator, Low Elec./Base DSM, Regional Integration Key Observations Metric 2035 2045  Model selects firm imports when available; ~600 MW of GHG Emissions (MMT) 3.7 1.0 tran...

AI summary The document discusses the impact of new transmission lines on GHG emissions and energy costs in Nova Scotia. It highlights that the model selects firm imports when available, leading to a reduction in GHG emissions by 2045. Additionally, new transmission lines enable higher wind capacity integration and reduce annual GHG emissions to 1 MMT.

Energy Balance (GWh) Installed Capacity (MW) Annual Energy (GWh) 32 2.0.A - Case Summary Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 35 of 245 Net Zero, Low Elec./Base DSM, Current Landscape Key Observations Metric 2035 2045  The n...

AI summary The text discusses the comparison between the net zero case and the comparator case in the context of GHG emissions, energy generation costs, and the reliance on different energy sources. It highlights a reduction in gas peaker usage and increased reliance on wind and imports in the net zero scenario.

Case Summary Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 37 of 245 Net Zero, Mid Elec./Base DSM, Current Landscape Key Observations Metric 2035 2045  Higher loads than 2.0.A leads to about ~260 MW more GHG Emissions (MMT) 3.2 1.4 g...

AI summary The text discusses the impact of higher loads on the Net Zero, Mid Elec./Base DSM, and Current Landscape scenarios, leading to increased gas peaker, CCGT, wind, and battery build. It also highlights rising generation costs and the increasing share of wind and imported energy by 2045.

Energy Balance (GWh) Installed Capacity (MW) Annual Energy (GWh) 35 2.1.B - Case Summary Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 38 of 245 Net Zero, Mid Elec./Base DSM, Distributed Resources Key Observations Metric 2035 2045  A...

AI summary The text discusses a case summary from Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Final Report, highlighting key observations related to Net Zero, Mid Elec./Base DSM, and Distributed Resources. It notes that while the total NPV is lower due to less load served, the average generation cost is higher. DER is modeled as a load reduction, with its costs not included in NPV calculations.

ase Summary Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 39 of 245 Net Zero, Mid. Elec./Base DSM, Current Landscape Key Observations Metric 2035 2045  With access to firm import options, the model chooses GHG Emissions (MMT) 3.2 1.2...

AI summary The analysis in the document highlights that increased access to firm imports reduces the need for gas, wind, and battery capacity, lowers GHG emissions, and decreases the net present value of system costs. It also notes that regional integration lowers generation costs and the NPV of system costs compared to a previous scenario.

Energy Balance (GWh) Installed Capacity (MW) Annual Energy (GWh) 37 2.2.A - Case Summary Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 40 of 245 Net Zero, High Elec./Max DSM, Current Landscape Key Observations Metric 2035 2045  The h...

AI summary The document discusses the need for nearly 1 GW of additional nameplate capacity by 2045 due to high electrification forecasts. This capacity will be sourced from new gas CCGTs, CTs, wind, and batteries. GHG emissions are projected to decrease from 3.2 MMT in 2035 to 1.4 MMT in 2045, with marginal abatement costs increasing from $24 to $51 per ton.

roughly equal parts from new gas CCGTs, CTs, wind, and batteries NPV ($2021) – with 20-year end effects $20,068  The average generation cost increases significantly (~12%) Average Generation Cost (c/kWh) 8.7 relative to 2.1.A Capacity Add...

AI summary The text presents a comparison of generation sources, including new gas CCGTs, CTs, wind, and batteries, with an NPV of $20,068 and an increase in average generation cost by approximately 12% to 8.7 c/kWh. It also outlines capacity additions and retirements, as well as energy balance figures for various technologies.

12,000 Tidal (MW) Capacity(MW) 3,000 (GWh) Solar Energy (GWh) Solar 10,000 Biomass Capacity Biomass 2,000 Imports (Non-firm) AnnualEnergy Imports (Non-firm) 8,000 Imports (Firm) Installed 1,000 Imports (Firm) Hydro Installed

AI summary The text presents visual data on installed capacity and energy generation by source, including tidal, solar, biomass, hydro, and imports, with values in megawatts (MW) and gigawatt-hours (GWh).

Annual Fuel Oil Hydro6,000 Gas (Conversion) 0 Gas (Conversion) 4,000 Gas (Peaker - New) Gas (Peaker - New) Gas (CCGT - New) w/ CCS -1,000 Gas (CCGT - New) 2,000- New) w/ CCS Gas (CCGT Gas (Existing) Gas (CCGT - New) -2,000 0 Coal 2021

AI summary The text presents a visual representation of energy generation sources, including fuel oil, hydro, gas (conversion, peaker, and combined cycle gas turbines with and without carbon capture and storage), and coal, with data points for the year 2021 and projected changes.

ary Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 41 of 245 Net Zero, High Elec./Max DSM, Distributed Resources Key Observations Metric 2035 2045  The addition of DER’s mitigates the capacity and energy GHG Emissions (MMT) 3.2 1.4 ne...

AI summary The addition of DERs reduces capacity and energy needs under a high electrification scenario, but increases average generation costs. GHG emissions decrease from 2035 to 2045, and the NPV increases significantly when considering 20-year end effects. However, the cost of DER resources is not included in the NPV calculations, which ranges from $1.6B to $2.5B.

n; cost of DER resources not included in NPV calculations ($1.6B-$2.5B) Average Generation Cost (c/kWh) 8.9 Capacity Addition and Retirement (MW) Energy Balance (GWh) 4,000 DR 16,000 DR Pumped Storage Pumped Storage 14,000 Battery 3,000 Ba...

AI summary The text presents data on the cost of DER resources, which are not included in NPV calculations, ranging from $1.6B to $2.5B. It also includes visual representations of capacity addition and retirement in MW, as well as energy balance in GWh, highlighting various energy sources such as demand response, pumped storage, battery, wind, solar, and tidal.

(GWh) 2,000 Solar Solar Energy (GWh) 10,000 Biomass Capacity Biomass AnnualEnergy Imports (Non-firm) 1,000 Imports (Non-firm) 8,000 Imports (Firm) Installed Imports (Firm) Hydro Installed

AI summary The text presents a visual representation of energy capacity and annual energy production, including contributions from solar, biomass, imports (both firm and non-firm), and hydro sources, measured in gigawatt-hours (GWh).

Annual Hydro6,000 Fuel Oil 0 Gas (Conversion) Gas (Conversion) 4,000 Gas (Peaker - New) Gas (Peaker - New) Gas (CCGT - New) w/ CCS -1,000 2,000- New) w/ CCS Gas (CCGT Gas (CCGT - New) Gas (Existing) Gas (CCGT - New) -2,000 Coal 0 2021 2025...

AI summary The text presents a graphical representation of energy generation sources over time, highlighting the transition from fossil fuels to renewable and cleaner energy sources such as hydro, gas, and coal, with projections from 2021 to 2045, and the inclusion of nuclear energy.

0 2021 2025 2035 2045 Nuclear 2021 2025 2035 2045 Nuclear 39 2.2.C - Case Summary Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 42 of 245 Net Zero, High Elec./Max DSM, Regional Integration Key Observations Metric 2035 2045  Additiona...

AI summary This section of the Nova Scotia Power Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Final Report discusses a scenario involving high electrification, maximum demand-side management (DSM), and regional integration. It highlights that additional import access helps meet higher capacity and energy needs, with costs declining due to cheaper import capacity and increased wind integration. GHG emissions and marginal abatement costs are also noted for 2035 and 2045.

model selects cheaper import capacity, and integrates more wind NPV ($2021) $14,948  The average generation cost also increases relative to NPV ($2021) – with 20-year end effects $19,770 2.1.C, reflecting the increased cost of serving hig...

AI summary The document discusses a case summary from the Nova Scotia Power Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Final Report, focusing on the selection of cheaper import capacity and increased wind integration. It notes that the average generation cost increases due to higher electrification load under the same GHG cap.

ase Summary Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 43 of 245 Accel. Net Zero, Mid Elec./Base DSM, Current Landscape Key Observations Metric 2035 2045  The system builds more wind, solar, and batteries instead GHG Emissions (MM...

AI summary The analysis compares different energy scenarios for Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), showing that increasing wind, solar, and battery capacity leads to lower GHG emissions by 2035 and 2045. The inclusion of emerging technologies like CCS and SMR results in similar costs, but the current analysis excludes them. The NPV and average generation cost are also presented.

Energy Balance (GWh) Installed Capacity (MW) Annual Energy (GWh) 41 3.1.B - Case Summary Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 44 of 245 Accel. Net Zero, Mid Elec./Base DSM, Distributed Resources Key Observations Metric 2035 2...

AI summary The case summary discusses the impact of DERs on capacity and energy needs under high electrification scenarios, noting that DERs reduce capacity and energy needs. It also highlights the GHG emissions and marginal abatement costs, as well as the NPV of the case compared to other scenarios.

led as a load reduction; cost of DER resources Average Generation Cost (c/kWh) 8.3 not included in NPV calculations ($1.6B-$2.5B) Capacity Addition and Retirement (MW) Energy Balance (GWh) Installed Capacity (MW) Annual Energy (GWh) 42 3.1...

AI summary The text discusses the Nova Scotia Power Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Final Report, focusing on load reduction, the cost of DER resources, and energy balance. It mentions the exclusion of certain costs from NPV calculations and provides data on capacity addition and retirement.

ry Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 46 of 245 Accel. Net Zero, High Elec./Max DSM, Current Landscape Key Observations Metric 2035 2045  The system relies on wind, solar, and batteries to meet the GHG Emissions (MMT) 1.4...

AI summary The analysis highlights that the Nova Scotia Power Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) under the 'Accelerated Net Zero, High Electricity/Max DSM' scenario relies heavily on wind, solar, and batteries, leading to overbuilding and renewable curtailment by 2045. GHG emissions decrease significantly, but generation costs rise, and the inclusion of technologies like CCS and SMR does not significantly alter the outcomes shown.

se Summary Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 47 of 245 Accel. Net Zero, High Elec., Max DSM, Distributed Resources Key Observations Metric 2035 2045  Due to the load reduction provided by DER, less new GHG Emissions (MMT)...

AI summary The text discusses the impact of distributed energy resources (DER) on GHG emissions, generation costs, and capacity planning under different scenarios. It highlights that DER reduces the need for new capacity but increases average generation costs due to lower load factors. The NPV calculations and energy balance are also presented.

Accel. Net Zero, High Elec./Max DSM, Regional Integration Key Observations Metric 2035 2045  System costs decrease when imports from neighboring GHG Emissions (MMT) 0.7 0.5 regions are available GHG Marginal Abatement Cost ($/ton) $0 $30...

AI summary The document discusses the impact of regional energy imports on system costs, GHG emissions, and generation capacity. It highlights that importing energy from neighboring regions reduces GHG emissions and system costs while decreasing the need for solar, batteries, wind, and gas by 2045.

DR Capacity Addition and Retirement (MW) Energy Balance (GWh) Pumped Storage 14,000 Battery 2,500 DR Wind 12,000 Pumped Storage Tidal 2,000 Battery Solar

AI summary The text presents a visual representation of capacity addition and retirement in megawatts (MW) and energy balance in gigawatt-hours (GWh), including details on various energy sources such as pumped storage, battery, wind, tidal, and solar.

Solar Annual Energy (GWh) 10,000 Wind Biomass 1,500 Solar Installed Capacity (MW) Imports (Non-firm) Annual Energy (GWh)

AI summary The text presents a visual representation of energy production and consumption, including solar, wind, biomass, and imports, with data on installed capacity and annual energy output in gigawatt-hours.

Installed Capacity (MW) Biomass 8,000 Imports (Firm) 1,000 NE Imports Hydro NB Imports 6,000 Fuel Oil 500 ML Imports Gas (Conversion)

AI summary The text provides a visual representation of installed capacity in megawatts, highlighting various energy sources such as biomass, hydro, and imports from neighboring regions, along with fuel types like fuel oil and gas. It outlines the distribution of energy generation and import sources.

Gas (Conversion) HQ Imports 4,000 Gas (Peaker - New) Hydro 0 Gas Gas (CCGT - New) w/ CCS (Conversion) 2,000 -500 Gas G

AI summary The text appears to be a visual or graphical representation of energy sources and conversions, including gas, hydro, and various types of gas-based power generation such as peaker plants and combined cycle gas turbines with carbon capture and storage.

Gas (CCGT (Peaker- New) - New) Gas Gas (Existing) (CCGT - New) w/ CCS 0-1,000 Coal Gas (CCGT - New) 2021 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 Nuclear

AI summary The text presents a visual representation of various energy generation sources, including gas (CCGT), coal, nuclear, and other technologies, with timeframes from 2021 to 2045. It outlines potential new and existing generation capacities, such as peaker plants, gas with CCS, and highlights the evolution of energy infrastructure over time.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 49 of 245 Comparator, Low COVID Load, Current Landscape Key Observations Metric 2035 2045  The slight reduction in load has little impact on the GHG Emissions (MMT) 3.7 2.2 capacity addit...

AI summary The text discusses the impact of a slight reduction in load on capacity addition decisions, noting minimal changes in system costs and GHG emissions. It provides metrics such as GHG emissions, marginal abatement cost, NPV, and average generation cost for 2035 and 2045.

16,000 DR Capacity Addition and Retirement (MW) Energy Balance (GWh) Pumped Storage 14,000 Battery 2,500 DR Wind 12,000 Pumped Storage Tidal 2,000 Battery Solar

AI summary The text presents a visual representation of capacity addition and retirement in megawatts (MW) and energy balance in gigawatt-hours (GWh), including various energy sources such as demand response (DR), pumped storage, battery storage, wind, tidal, and solar energy.

Solar Annual Energy (GWh) 10,000 Wind Biomass 1,500 Solar Installed Capacity (MW) Imports (Non-firm) Annual Energy (GWh)

AI summary The text presents a visual representation of energy data, including annual energy production in gigawatt-hours (GWh) and installed capacity in megawatts (MW), with categories such as Solar, Wind, Biomass, and Imports (Non-firm).

Installed Capacity (MW) Biomass 8,000 Imports (Firm) 1,000 NE Imports Hydro NB Imports 6,000 Fuel Oil 500 ML Imports Gas (Conversion)

AI summary The text presents a visual representation of installed capacity in Nova Scotia, including contributions from various energy sources such as biomass, hydro, and imports from New Brunswick and New England, as well as fuel oil and gas conversion.

Gas (CCGT (Peaker- New) - New) Gas Gas (Existing) (CCGT - New) w/ CCS 0-1,000 Coal Gas (CCGT - New) 2021 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 Nuclear

AI summary The text presents a visual representation of various energy generation sources, including gas (CCGT), coal, nuclear, and others, with timelines extending from 2021 to 2045. It indicates the addition of new generation technologies such as peaker plants and the inclusion of carbon capture and storage (CCS) for gas (CCGT).

16,000 DR Capacity Addition and Retirement (MW) Energy Balance (GWh) Pumped Storage 14,000 Battery 2,500 DR Wind 12,000 Pumped Storage Tidal 2,000 Battery Solar

AI summary The text presents data on capacity addition and retirement in megawatts and energy balance in gigawatt-hours, including contributions from various sources like wind, tidal, solar, pumped storage, and battery, along with demand response (DR).

Solar Annual Energy (GWh) 10,000 Wind Biomass 1,500 Solar Installed Capacity (MW) Imports (Non-firm) Annual Energy (GWh)

AI summary The text presents data on energy generation and imports, including annual energy production in gigawatt-hours and installed capacity in megawatts for solar, wind, biomass, and non-firm imports.

Gas (Conversion) HQ Imports 4,000 Gas (Peaker - New) Hydro 0 Gas Gas (CCGT - New) w/ CCS (Conversion) 2,000 -500 Gas G

AI summary The text presents a visual representation of energy generation and import data, including gas conversion, hydro, and new gas generation with carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies.

Gas (CCGT (Peaker- New) - New) Gas Gas (Existing) (CCGT - New) w/ CCS 0-1,000 Coal Gas (CCGT - New) 2021 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 Nuclear

AI summary The text presents a visual representation of various energy generation sources, including gas (CCGT), coal, nuclear, and peaker plants, with projections from 2021 to 2045. It outlines the potential expansion and retirement of different energy technologies over time.

16,000 DR Capacity Addition and Retirement (MW) Energy Balance (GWh) Pumped Storage 2,500 14,000 Battery DR 16,000 DR 2,500 DR Wind Pumped Storage Pumped Storage 2,000 12,000 Pumped Storage Tid

AI summary The text presents data on capacity addition and retirement (in MW) and energy balance (in GWh), including details on pumped storage, battery, and wind energy sources. It appears to be a visual or tabular representation of energy generation and storage capacities.

Tidal 14,000 Battery Battery 2,000 Battery Solar Annual Energy (GWh) Wind 1,500 Wind 10,000 Wind Biomass 12,000 1,500 Tidal (MW)

AI summary The text presents a visual representation of energy generation sources, including tidal, battery, wind, biomass, and solar, with associated capacities and annual energy outputs. The data highlights the contribution of various renewable energy sources to the energy mix.

12,000 1,500 Tidal (MW) Solar Capacity(MW) Solar Imports (Non-firm) (GWh) Installed Capacity (MW) 1,000 Solar

AI summary The text presents a visual representation of energy capacity data, including tidal, solar, and imported non-firm energy, with values in MW and GWh. It appears to be a chart or table illustrating installed capacity and energy generation.

1,000 Solar Energy (GWh) Biomass 8,000 Biomass 10,000 Imports (Firm) Biomass 1,000 NE Imports Capacity 500 Imports (Non-firm) Hydro

AI summary The text presents a visual representation of energy production and capacity, highlighting contributions from biomass, hydro, and imports, including both firm and non-firm imports, with data measured in gigawatt-hours and capacity in megawatts.

500 Imports (Non-firm) Hydro AnnualEnergy Imports (Non-firm) NB Imports 6,000 Fuel Oil 8,000 Imports (Firm) 500 Imports (Firm) ML Imports Gas (Conversion) Installed

AI summary The text presents a visual representation of energy imports, distinguishing between firm and non-firm imports, including fuel oil, NB imports, and gas conversion. It also references installed capacity and annual energy data.

Annual 4,000 Hydro 6,000 Gas (Conversion) 0 Fuel Oil -500 Gas Gas (CCGT - New) w/ CCS (Conversion) Gas (Conversion) Gas (Peaker 2,000- New) Gas (CCGT

AI summary The text presents a visual representation of energy production and consumption, including figures related to hydro, gas, and fuel oil, as well as references to gas conversion and new generation technologies such as combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) with carbon capture and storage (CCS).

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 58 of 245 1.0C L O W E L E C . / B A S E D S M / C O M PA R AT O R E M I S S I O N S / R E G I O N A L I N T E G R AT I O N $MM Scenario Notes 25-yr NPVRR $12,107 • Incremental firm import...

AI summary The document presents financial scenarios related to Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), including the 25-year and 10-year Net Present Value of Revenue Requirement (NPVRR) under different conditions such as incremental firm imports and regional interconnection. It also references a scenario aligned with a net-zero 2050 target.

56 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 59 of 245 2.0A LOW ELEC. / BASE DSM / NET ZERO 2050 / CURRENT LANDSCAPE $MM Scenario Notes 25-yr NPVRR $12,392 • Reliability Tie built in 2030 enables wind integration but does not prov...

AI summary The document presents financial scenarios related to electricity generation and demand-side management in Nova Scotia, including the impact of a reliability tie built in 2030 and changes in capacity mix due to lower GHG caps.

60 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 63 of 245 2.1A MID ELEC. / BASE DSM / NET ZERO 2050 / CURRENT LANDSCAPE $MM Scenario Notes 25-yr NPVRR $13,306 • Reliability Tie built in 2031 enables wind integration but does not prov...

AI summary The text presents financial figures related to Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) under different scenarios, including the 25-year and 10-year Net Present Value of Revenue Requirement (NPVRR) with and without energy efficiency (EE) considerations. It also references the construction of a reliability tie in 2031 and the use of gas combined cycle (CT) and combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) units.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 65 of 245 2.1C M I D E L E C . / B A S E D S M / N E T Z E R O 2 0 5 0 / R E G I O N A L I N T E G R AT I O N $MM Scenario Notes 25-yr NPVRR $13,037 • Reliability Tie built in 2037 enables...

AI summary This section of the IRP Final Report discusses the 25-year and 10-year Net Present Value of Revenue Requirement (NPVRR) under different scenarios, including the construction of a Reliability Tie in 2037 and a Regional Interconnection in 2038. These infrastructure projects are intended to support wind integration and access firm imports.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 66 of 245 2.1C.S1 (MID DSM) M I D E L E C . / M I D D S M / N E T Z E R O 2 0 5 0 / R E G I O N A L I N T E G R AT I O N $MM Scenario Notes 25-yr NPVRR $13,608 • Reliability Tie built in 2...

AI summary The document presents two scenarios from Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Final Report. Scenario 2.1C.S1 (MID DSM) includes a 25-year Net Present Value of Revenue Requirement (NPVRR) of $13,608, with notes on infrastructure projects enabling wind integration. Scenario 2.1C.S2 (LOW WIND COST) presents a different NPVRR under a Base DSM approach.

65 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 68 of 245 2.2A HIGH ELEC. / MAX DSM / NET ZERO 2050 / CURRENT LANDSCAPE $MM Scenario Notes 25-yr NPVRR $15,763 • Early load growth served by incremental gas CTs and non-firm import ener...

AI summary The text presents financial and operational scenarios for Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) under a high electricity demand and maximum Demand-Side Management (DSM) scenario aiming for net zero by 2050. It includes Net Present Value of Revenue Requirement (NPVRR) figures for different timeframes and notes the integration of wind energy and reliability tie construction.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 69 of 245 2.2C H I G H E L E C . / M A X D S M / N E T Z E R O 2 0 5 0 / R E G I O N A L I N T E G R AT I O N $MM Scenario Notes 25-yr NPVRR $15,353 • Reliability Tie built in 2034 enables...

AI summary The document presents two different Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) scenarios for Nova Scotia Power, focusing on high electricity demand, maximum DSM, net zero by 2050, and regional integration, as well as mid electricity demand, base DSM, accelerated net zero by 2045, and distributed resources. The scenarios include financial metrics such as 25-year and 10-year Net Present Value of Revenue Requirement (NPVRR).

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 70 of 245 3.1B MID ELEC. / BASE DSM / ACCEL. ZERO 2045 / DISTRIBUTED RESOURCES $MM Scenario Notes 25-yr NPVRR $12,575 • Reliability Tie build in 2034 enabled wind integration • Regional In...

AI summary The document presents financial and planning scenarios related to Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), including 25-year and 10-year Net Present Value of Revenue Requirement (NPVRR) figures, and notes on infrastructure projects such as a Reliability Tie and Regional Interconnection to support wind integration and firm imports.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 72 of 245 3.2B HIGH ELEC. / MAX DSM / ACCEL. ZERO 2045 / DISTRIBUTED RESOURCES $MM Scenario Notes 25-yr NPVRR $15,015 • Full Regional Interconnection built in 2030 enables firm imports and...

AI summary The document presents financial figures and scenario notes from Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Final Report, focusing on different scenarios involving high electricity demand, maximum demand-side management (DSM), accelerated zero-emission goals by 2045, and regional integration. The scenarios include 25-year and 10-year Net Present Value of Revenue Requirement (NPVRR) figures and notes on assumptions such as full regional interconnection and demand response implementation.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 73 of 245 3.2C H I G H E L E C . / M A X D S M / A C C E L . Z E R O 2 0 4 5 / R E G I O N A L I N T E G R AT I O N $MM Scenario Notes 25-yr NPVRR $15,857 • Gas CT builds and incremental f...

AI summary The text discusses Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and its modeling results, including the Net Present Value of Revenue Requirement (NPVRR) for different scenarios. It highlights the increasing penetration of renewables and the impact of the Maritime Link on energy availability starting in 2021.

ves; Diesel CTs will be assumed “in” in the Initial Portfolio Study runs • This result was robust to testing with a lower Planning Reserve Margin (PRM) and to testing a single unit retirement 8 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J...

AI summary The document discusses resource screening for hydro systems conducted by E3 using RESOLVE, showing that sustaining existing hydro systems is more economical than replacement alternatives. Nova Scotia Power will conduct a capacity expansion run in PLEXOS with the Mersey hydro system retired.

IAL PORTFOLIO STUDY NOTES • The following slides provide the Initial Portfolio Study results from PLEXOS LT for the key scenarios as well for select sensitivities (full capacity expansion runs) • The section includes several summary compar...

AI summary The document presents the Initial Portfolio Study results from PLEXOS LT, including energy mix, capacity installation, emissions compliance, and NPV of partial revenue requirement. It also includes a graph showing the increasing penetration of renewables in Nova Scotia and forecast generation from 2021-2045.

1.0 Equivalency GHG Low Elec. 2040 A - Current Landscape Base DSM C – Regional Integration Comparator 2.0 GHG targets decline Low Elec. 2040 A - Current Landscape • DSM Levels linearly from 2030 to Base DSM C - Regional Integration Net Zer...

AI summary The text outlines various scenarios for GHG emission reductions by 2040 and 2050, considering different levels of electrification and demand-side management (DSM) strategies. It discusses paths toward Net Zero 2050 and Accelerated Net Zero 2045, with varying DSM levels and electrification scenarios.

QUESTIONS & DISCUSSION INITIAL PORTFOLIO COMPARISONS Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 95 of 245 REGIONAL INTERCONNECTION Scenario Reliability Tie Regional Selected Interconnection • Reliability Tie enabling wind integrati...

AI summary The document discusses the selection of a Reliability Tie for wind integration in various scenarios, with different timelines for implementation and regional interconnection. It outlines the scenarios and their corresponding dates for the Reliability Tie and Regional Interconnection.

19 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 96 of 245 RENEWABLE GENERATION • Onshore wind energy selected in all scenarios as the most economic type of domestic renewable generation • Construction of a Reliability Tie (new 345kV...

AI summary The document highlights the selection of onshore wind energy as the most economic renewable generation option in all scenarios. A new 345kV reliability tie line from Onslow, NS to Salisbury, NB is preferred for wind integration, with domestic integration (batteries and synchronous condensers) used when the reliability tie's capacity is reached. The combination of both methods was not studied in prior work but was selected in several scenarios after 2030.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 98 of 245 GAS UNITS 2.1C • New gas units selected are predominately combustion turbines • At least one combined cycle unit was selected economically in each scenario (late 2020s-early 2030...

AI summary The document discusses Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) final report, focusing on the selection of gas units and distributed energy resources (DERs). Gas units selected include combustion turbines and combined cycle units, with some coal-to-gas conversions. DERs, modeled as rooftop solar installations, reduce annual energy volumes but do not affect the need for firm peak capacity.

eration • Resources providing firm capacity (firm imports, gas CTs/CCGTs, batteries) are selected in similar aggregate amounts to meet Planning Reserve Margin requirements • The cost of DER resources was not included in model NPV calculati...

AI summary The document discusses the selection of firm capacity resources to meet Planning Reserve Margin requirements and highlights the cost implications of DER resources in the Integrated Resource Plan. It also notes a trend toward decoupling firm capacity and energy supply sources.

Thank you for a very informative report and presentation on July 9th. We appreciate the opportunity to comment on the results so far. Our comments below are divided into three sections. First, we request some further documentation or poten...

AI summary The comment requests further documentation or modification of methods, suggests enhancements to scenarios, and highlights key pre-2030 decisions related to the IRP, including coal unit retirements, wind energy expansion, and inter-provincial reliability tie planning. The commenter encourages thorough analysis and possible delays in the IRP process.

adjustments to the effective capacity for wind and some other resources), NS Power was imposing a minimum reserve of 9% in ELCC terms. Our understanding was that one MW of ELCC would support one MW of Resource Insight, Inc. • 5 Water Stree...

AI summary The text discusses adjustments to the effective capacity for wind and other resources, with NS Power imposing a minimum reserve of 9% in ELCC terms. One MW of ELCC is understood to support one MW of resource capacity.

tween options. If the variation in end effects among cases appears to be correct, but the magnitude is overstated, NS Power should consider shifting to a shorter end effect period (e.g., 10 or 15 years), or eliminating it altogether. Distr...

AI summary The text discusses concerns about the end effect period in NS Power's modeling and the exclusion of distributed energy resource (DER) costs in specific cases. It suggests shortening the end effect period or eliminating it and highlights the need to account for bottom-of-the-meter (BTM) costs associated with DERs, which are not captured in the NPVRR calculation.

e consistent with the HalifACT 2050 plan, particularly the 2030 goals. NS Power indicated that its scenarios at least roughly covered the goals of HalifACT 2050. Our understanding of the HalifACT 2050 plan is that it includes four main ele...

AI summary The text discusses Nova Scotia Power's alignment with the HalifACT 2050 plan, including its CO2 emissions target and renewable energy goals, such as 1,600 MW of rooftop and other HRM solar by 2030. It references technical reports from the Halifax Regional Municipality.

• 100% EV sales by 2030 • Every building retrofitted (electrified and efficient) by 2040 With the partial exception of the electrification goals, our review of the IRP modeling indicates that NS Power is correct that it has scenarios that...

AI summary The text discusses Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) modeling in relation to electrification goals, renewable energy targets, and carbon emissions. It notes that NS Power's scenarios align with some goals, such as CO2 reduction, but may not fully match HRM's electrification ambitions. The analysis suggests that high-electrification scenarios are likely sufficient to meet HRM goals by 2025.

e NSP’s next IRP, which we assume will be completed around 2025. At that time, if vehicle and building electrification were progressing consistent with HRM’s goals, then NS Power would need to adopt significantly higher assumptions for bui...

AI summary The document discusses Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and its alignment with HaliFACT 2050 goals, noting that the IRP may need to adopt higher assumptions for building electrification if progress aligns with HRM's goals. It also highlights the absence of specific CO2 emissions figures in the IRP and the benefits of distributed solar and storage not being reflected in the initial modeling.

Wind costs and constraints: NS Power’s assumptions and modeling methods may be unreasonably constraining near-term wind builds in the model. The issues relate to NSP’s cost assumptions for wind and the reliability constraints imposed durin...

AI summary The analysis questions NS Power's assumptions and modeling methods regarding wind energy costs and reliability constraints. It argues that NS Power's 2019 capital cost of $2,100 per kW is higher than market rates and that the cap on wind build at 100 MW may be overly restrictive. Alternative operational responses are suggested to accommodate additional wind capacity.

operational responses to accommodate additional wind. First, under hourly conditions of high wind and high imports without the reliability tie, wind generation could be capped at 700 MW. Second, under conditions of high wind, a minimum con...

AI summary The text discusses potential operational responses to accommodate additional wind generation, including capping wind generation at 700 MW during high wind and high import conditions, and establishing a minimum conventional capacity requirement during high wind hours. NS Power may model these constraints in its planning models or estimate curtailment costs exogenously.

early build of an NGCC unit, reducing gas peaker capacity, and reducing firm imports. Is there something about the way firm imports are characterized that needs to be reconsidered? Why is the model suggesting that it is economic to build a...

AI summary The text raises concerns about the timing and economic rationale for building new generation units, the characterization of firm imports, and the need for model adjustments to align with 2050 climate targets. It also questions the interconnection timeline and the combination of wind and storage procurement.

combined cycle plants are financially viable without an assumption that the plants will operate beyond 2050. Ideally, NS Power would simply limit the useful life of a combined cycle to 2050. However, there are at least two reasons why this...

AI summary The document discusses the financial viability of combined cycle gas plants without assuming operation beyond 2050. It highlights challenges in modeling plant retirements by 2050 and suggests limiting end effects calculations and offering resource options with varying lifetimes to align with net zero carbon goals.

or Project Manager, Regulatory Affairs Nova Scotia Power From: John D. Wilson and Paul Chernick Date: August 4, 2020 Subject: Comments on modeling of wind and hydro in the IRP This comment letter supplements our prior comments on the IRP a...

AI summary This comment letter addresses NS Power's modeling of wind and hydro in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), highlighting concerns about reliability constraints and the sensitivity of model results to wind costs and inertia constraints. Telos Energy recommends alternative modeling approaches to better assess the impact of these constraints on wind energy expansion.

Effective Load Carrying Capability Second, wind development is also affected by the ELCC values assumed in the IRP. Our analysis of the historical generation data recently provided by NS Power to the Consumer Advocate does not seem consist...

AI summary The text discusses discrepancies between the Effective Load-Carrying Capability (ELCC) values assumed in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and actual generation data from wind and hydro plants. Analysis shows wind plants contribute more during high-load periods, while hydro resources contribute less than assumed. The text recommends revising ELCC values in the final IRP to reflect these findings.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 116 of 245 Comments on modeling of wind and hydro in the IRP Page 3 of 7 Table 1: NS Power Generating Unit Capacity Factors Peak Peak 1.1% Peak 0.1% Annual Winter Events Hours Hours Coal 6...

AI summary The document presents capacity factors for various generating units in Nova Scotia, including coal, gas, wind, and hydro, and discusses modeling approaches for wind and hydro in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP). It references data from the E3 study and the IRP Assumptions document.

y) from the IRP Assumptions document, and Capacity Credit, calculated as the IRP capacity × capacity factor for the top 1.1% hours. The first two columns of data include Lingan 2 in the coal category. Table 2: Operating and Firm Capacity (...

AI summary The text discusses the calculation of capacity credit based on the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) assumptions and provides a table showing operating and firm capacity for various NS Power units. The table includes data on coal, gas, wind, and other energy sources, highlighting differences between operating capacities and calculated capacity credits.

tion is the hourly dispatch for the single highest hour that the group of units is dispatched, i.e. a coincident maximum. It is presented as a reference to compare with the operating capacity values. John D. Wilson and Paul Chernick • Reso...

AI summary The text discusses discrepancies between Nova Scotia Power's generation data and the E3 Capacity Value Study, noting that wind resources have a lower ELCC (19%) compared to the average capacity factor of over 50% reported by NS Power during high load factor hours.

66.2 % 71.6 % 77.3 % Annapolis 45.9 % 69.6 % 42.3 % 39.3 % Other Hydro 45.7 % 39.1 % 47.6 % 53.6 % As Table 3 indicates, after taking into consideration the capacity credit associated with wind, the capacity factor for wind in the top 1.1%...

AI summary The text discusses the capacity factors of wind and hydroelectric resources in Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP). It highlights that wind capacity factors decrease significantly during peak hours when considering capacity credit, and that historical data suggests hydroelectric capacity values may not be accurately represented in the IRP.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 120 of 245 Comments on modeling of wind and hydro in the IRP Page 7 of 7 dispatched over 75% in only 39 out of the 386 hours. In contrast, Mersey was dispatched at over 75% in 247 hours of...

AI summary The text questions the dispatch patterns of Wreck Cove and Mersey hydro units in the Nova Scotia Power Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), noting that Wreck Cove is dispatched sparingly during high-load hours, while Mersey is dispatched more reliably but does not match claimed ELCC values. Smaller run-of-the-river units also perform below their ELCC values during peak hours.

would not appear to be held in reserve as is Wreck Cove. We also understand their capacity and energy output to be limited in low-water years. Why would these units merit a 95% ELCC value? John D. Wilson and Paul Chernick • Resource Insigh...

AI summary The document provides a technical review of Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan, focusing on grid reliability and stability, and comments on the PSC Renewable Integration report. It highlights concerns about the modeling of grid services and the representation of renewable energy integration.

oss of a single tie to New Brunswick...” The contingency event involving the AC lines to New Brunswick should be clarified, assessed for validity, and held consistent across all cases and simulations. Case 1: At the time of event, the powe...

AI summary The document discusses a contingency event involving the loss of AC connections to New Brunswick and the impact on grid stability. It highlights the importance of understanding the initial power flow conditions, the behavior of the HVDC link, and the absence of the Wreck Cove Hydro unit, which could have increased system inertia and stability.

of 245 Nova Scotia IRP Review a stabilizing and economic plant like Wreck Cove (or if Wreck Cove was not available, some thermal capacity) was not committed. Case 2: The contingency evaluated was the loss of 1 of 2 poles of Maritime HVDC l...

AI summary The document evaluates different contingency cases in the Nova Scotia Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), focusing on the impact of losing capacity from the Maritime HVDC link and the implications of high imports from New Brunswick during high wind events. It questions the validity of selected cases and suggests operational strategies that prioritize local generation.

3 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 124 of 245 Nova Scotia IRP Review Frequency Stability & Inertia Requirements Existing System (Section 5.1) Case 1: This case is key because it was used to determine the 2766 MW-s inertia...

AI summary The document discusses frequency stability and inertia requirements in the existing and modified power systems. Case 1 is highlighted for determining inertia minimums, while Case 4 suggests potential improvements in system stability through better voltage regulation. Case 3 simulation fails due to non-convergence, leaving conclusions uncertain.

Alternative Mitigations Not Considered: Many alternative mitigations were not considered beyond the use of a synchronous condenser and BESS: ● Utilization of the Maritime HVDC Link for short-term contingency support HVDC systems are except...

AI summary The text discusses alternative mitigations not considered beyond the use of a synchronous condenser and BESS, including the use of the Maritime HVDC Link, synthetic inertia from wind power plants, curtailment from wind power plants for FFR, and under-frequency FFR from curtailed wind power plants.

ncil of Texas (ERCOT) has been requiring this functionality for many nears from its wind turbine fleet. ● Utilization of under-frequency FFR from wind power plants that are curtailed. This functionality enables wind turbines which have alr...

AI summary The text discusses various methods for providing frequency response in power systems, including under-frequency FFR from wind power plants, demand-side resources, and the potential impact of the Wreck Cove Hydro Plant on system stability. These approaches are informed by practices in ERCOT and highlight the importance of integrating diverse resources for grid reliability.

nt of regulation reserves required. Overall, the PSC analysis included a reasonable analysis of historical net load variability to develop a regulation requirement, but there are a couple limitations. First, PSC utilized a 3-sigma standard...

AI summary The PSC analysis of regulation reserves used a 3-sigma standard deviation, which may be overly conservative. A 95% confidence interval could reduce required reserves. Additionally, the analysis assumed proportional variability with wind additions, but increased diversity may occur. These factors have a minimal impact on the IRP modeling and stability analysis.

7 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 128 of 245 Nova Scotia IRP Review References 1. EirGrid DS3 System Services Protocol – Regulated Arrangements, May 2019 http://www.eirgridgroup.com/site-files/library/EirGrid/DS3-System-...

AI summary The document provides references and appendices related to Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) review, including modeling requirements for grid services and renewable integration. It cites various technical documents and studies from organizations such as EirGrid, HydroQuebec, and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL).

providing this input with a view to ensuring that the IRP analysis and results can be a strong foundation for future policy development or electricity sector infrastructure investment in Nova Scotia. Wind represents an Attractive Resource...

AI summary The 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) by NSPI highlights wind energy as the most economically viable renewable resource for Nova Scotia, with projected additions ranging from 51 to 148 MW by 2026 and up to 1,300 MW by 2045. However, challenges in integrating additional onshore wind capacity are noted, with the PSC Renewable Integration study assessing the need for infrastructure investment.

400-240 rue Bank Street 613.234.8716 www.renewablesassociation.ca www.associationrenouvelable.ca Ottawa, ON K2P 1X4 Canada 1.800.922.6932 CanREA Memo July 17, 2020 Page 1 of 5 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 131 of 245 i...

AI summary CanREA highlights that wind energy can provide grid benefits that reduce the need for additional infrastructure investment when integrated with technologies like storage. It recommends further analysis to explore these benefits and enable more cost-effective wind integration.

storage, will in fact, enable more, cost effective wind energy to be integrated to the grid without significantly more infrastructure investment. Some of these additional benefits are outlined below. Wind Integration in NSPI’s IRP At the J...

AI summary The document discusses the integration of wind energy into the Nova Scotia electricity system, referencing the PSC study and the inertia constraint required for system stability. It highlights the increase in inertia threshold from 2,766 MW.sec to 3,266 MW.sec to account for potential losses, and notes a stakeholder's concern regarding the stringency of this threshold.

CanREA Memo July 17, 2020 Page 2 of 5 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 132 of 245 Recognizing the Contribution that Wind can Play in Reducing Inertia Requirements In response to a question by Dan Roscoe regarding this sli...

AI summary The document discusses the contribution of wind energy in providing synthetic inertia, specifically Fast Frequency Response (FFR), and how this differs from synchronous inertia. CanREA highlights that this topic is being addressed by the Offshore Energy Research Association (OERA) on behalf of the Nova Scotia Department of Energy and Mines.

f FFR by inverter-based generating resources and energy storage can play a significant role in helping to meet Nova Scotia’s system reliability needs in the context of diminishing synchronous inertia. In a recent report from the US Nationa...

AI summary The text discusses the role of inverter-based generating resources and energy storage in providing frequency response and system reliability, referencing studies from NREL and examples from ERCOT and FERC. It also notes that CanREA members are considering whether obligations for FFR and primary frequency response should be placed on non-synchronous resources in Nova Scotia.

and in 2018, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) required new utility-scale wind and solar PV plants to have frequency-responsive capabilities9. The net result of such an obligation could 6 Australian Energy Market Operator, Fa...

AI summary In 2018, FERC required new utility-scale wind and solar PV plants to have frequency-responsive capabilities. This could reduce the need for synchronous generating units under certain conditions, allowing more wind generation and lowering customer costs, while also enhancing decarbonization.

ductions in costs to customers. In fact, this is likely to be a primary objective of placing such an obligation on these resources – the added benefit of enhanced decarbonization should also be noted. As the slide from the July 9th Present...

AI summary CanREA highlights the potential for additional wind integration in Nova Scotia without major infrastructure investment if new and existing wind projects are required to provide FFR. This could enhance decarbonization and should be considered in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP). The IRP process is critical for informing policymakers on renewable procurement targets.

operability of different portfolios. We understand that this operability analysis is likely to be test scenarios that were evaluated in PLEXOS to ensure that they do not adversely affect reliability. CanREA encourages NSPI to ensure that t...

AI summary CanREA encourages NSPI to consider the impact of new frequency response requirements for non-synchronous resources in the Integrated Resource Plan. It highlights the potential for cost reductions and environmental benefits from increased wind and inverter-based resources.

compared to a synchronous generation-based system11, suggest that increased volumes of these resources could reduce costs for Nova Scotia consumers while advancing the Province’s environmental goals.

AI summary The text suggests that increasing volumes of certain resources could reduce costs for Nova Scotia consumers and help achieve the Province’s environmental goals, compared to a synchronous generation-based system.

Additional Considerations: Importance of Increased Transparency with respect to Analysis NSPI has shared summary information regarding the results on the underlying model runs. This includes the capacity mix of the various resource portfol...

AI summary NSPI has provided limited transparency in its modeling results, making it difficult for stakeholders to understand key drivers. Questions are raised about how ancillary services are modeled, especially regarding battery performance, and whether the analysis adequately considers future carbon constraints and associated costs for fossil-based resources.

ly stringent carbon constraints imposed after fossil investments are made considered in the analysis? o How was the loss of flexibility or these cost penalties considered? • Where the potential benefits of hybrid projects (wind/energy stor...

AI summary The Canadian Renewable Energy Association (CanREA) provided feedback on Nova Scotia Power's 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) modeling presentation, emphasizing the need to consider hybrid renewable energy projects and their potential cost benefits. CanREA highlights that such projects can provide ancillary services at lower costs compared to traditional methods.

d process of the 2020 IRP, and the lack of availability for stakeholder funding and support through the NSUARB, through the NSPI-led process, or through the Nova Scotia Department of Energy and Mines. The EAC feels very strongly that this...

AI summary The text discusses concerns regarding the 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) process, highlighting the lack of stakeholder funding and support, and the need for alignment with greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets. It criticizes the absence of zero-emission scenarios and the bias towards natural gas infrastructure in the study's modeling.

tel. 902.429.2202 2705 Fern Lane, fax. 902.405.3716 Halifax, NS, B3K 4L3 Action 2) Report the detailed operational profiles of natural gas and diesel generation assets (number of operations per year, their durations and power and energy as...

AI summary The text outlines four actions for improving the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) 2020, including reporting operational profiles of generation assets, ensuring transmission line flexibility, and funding a Sustainability Advocate. These actions aim to support informed decision-making regarding energy solutions and cost control for consumers.

ctions will ensure that this 2020 IRP positions the utility, the regulator and citizens of Nova Scotia to make informed and timely choices in the immediate future. Gaps and Opportunities in IRP 2020. Zero Emission Planning and Planning Ali...

AI summary The 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) is criticized for not adequately addressing net zero emissions scenarios, as it lacks consideration of carbon credit purchase costs and carbon sequestration. The plan's modeled trajectories do not account for the near certainty of reaching zero emissions by 2052 or earlier, and it fails to identify the costs associated with achieving true zero emissions.

ce of dramatically reduced emissions limits, the model first chooses interconnection over generation. It is entirely plausible that a zero emissions limit at 2050, 2045 or 2035 would react the same ecologyaction.ca EAC Memo July 17, 2020 P...

AI summary The text discusses the impact of reduced emissions limits on energy generation and interconnection strategies. It suggests that with access to more regional interconnection, zero emissions could be achieved faster and more cost-effectively. It also highlights the potential for consumer savings from high electrification scenarios.

ead emissions transition The IRP must consider scenarios that align with these goals, if for no other reason, to advise Halifax on the implicit costs (or savings). Import and Natural Gas Trade-offs: Scenarios that modeled regional integrat...

AI summary The Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) must consider scenarios aligned with emissions reduction goals to advise Halifax on costs or savings. Scenarios modeling regional integration suggest that interconnections like the Reliability Tie and Regional Interconnection are prioritized for meeting declining GHG limits. A third interconnection (Salsbury - Quebec HVDC) was mentioned but its role in modeled scenarios is unclear.

ration scenarios. If it were available, it is not clear that, if presented with a zero emissions case in the study window, the model might well choose it over gas generation with carbon sequestration. In addition, there is a risk that plan...

AI summary The text discusses the potential risks associated with natural gas generation in the context of emissions and climate goals. It highlights that natural gas may carry a higher carbon emissions factor due to upstream fugitive methane emissions, and that current emissions factors may not fully account for these risks. There is concern that relying on natural gas could become the most cost-effective response to declining GHG levels, despite its environmental impact.

can add multiple interconnections and run scenarios that study zero GHG conditions. It is critical that this IRP fully assess the import options available to Nova Scotia. Generation Operational Data The combined cycle and regular gas turbi...

AI summary The Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) must assess import options for Nova Scotia. Current gas turbine systems are favored for their low cost and emissions, but alternatives like solar, battery storage, and tidal energy may become viable. Characterizing gas systems will help evaluate emerging technologies for Nova Scotia's energy needs.

Envigour Memo July 17, 2020 Page 1 of 2 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 157 of 245 2. The model did not select several potential technologies such as offshore wind, tidal or hydrogen. It would be useful to know what the...

AI summary The memo raises concerns about the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) model's exclusion of offshore wind, tidal, and hydrogen technologies, suggesting a need to understand their competitiveness and unique value. It also questions the model's representation of natural gas solutions, particularly combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) investments, and their impact on reliability and net-zero goals. The memo further inquires about the IRP's ability to assess the economic impact of scenarios on Nova Scotia's GDP.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 159 of 245 Page 2 within various scenarios increase the demand for natural gas given the intermittent nature of more renewables. At least one Combined Cycle (“CC”) gas unit has been select...

AI summary The document discusses the increased demand for natural gas due to the intermittent nature of renewables, the continued use of aging liquid-fueled combustion turbines, and reliability concerns related to fuel supply for these units. Heritage Gas has provided infrastructure to support NSPI, and the model scenarios include the use of these units until 2045.

es that have not had to be significantly considered in previous IRPs. NSPI’s consideration of T&D cost implications appears limited to avoided T&D Costs with respect to DSM7 and regional integration. Given that IRP outcomes can influence l...

AI summary Heritage Gas highlights the importance of considering the total cost implications of the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) for rate payers, emphasizing the role of natural gas distribution systems in meeting peak energy demand cost-effectively while aligning with GHG targets. The discussion also notes the limited consideration of transmission and distribution (T&D) costs in previous IRPs and the need for continued stakeholder collaboration.

Ts shown in the Modeling Results Release. Explain June 26, 2020 • They are not run frequently (<1% CF) CTs, potentially due to the infrequent operation of these facilities. The and justify these carbon costs, and indicate whether they cost...

AI summary The text discusses the replacement of diesel combustion turbines (CTs) with gas peakers in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), noting that higher Effective Load-Carrying Capacity (ELCC) for gas peakers requires more capacity to maintain reliability. It also raises questions about carbon costs and the lowest-cost non-emitting alternatives for replacing diesel CTs.

b Produce graphs similar to those on the left side of pp. 15-16 of the Modelling Results Release illustrating the following: - the NPV of the replacement cost of the lowest-cost non- emitting alternative capacity resource (or combination o...

AI summary The text requests the production of graphs similar to those on pages 15-16 of the Modelling Results Release, focusing on the NPV of replacement costs for non-emitting alternatives to diesel CTs and natural gas resources.

diesel CTs (yellow bars) inclusive of carbon costs For this analysis: - assume carbon costs (in $2020 CAD/tCO2e) of $50 in 2022, rising to $200 in 2030 and $500 in 2050, or explain and justify an alternative series of carbon costs; and - i...

AI summary The text discusses the inclusion of carbon costs in the analysis of diesel CTs, assuming carbon costs of $50 in 2022, rising to $200 in 2030 and $500 in 2050. It also requests the identification of assumptions regarding the future costs of analyzed resources.

c For the analysis in part b), identify the dates (if they occur prior to 2050) when: - natural gas is no longer the lowest-cost alternative or combination of alternatives to diesel CTs; - diesel CTs no longer have an NPV cost advantage ov...

AI summary The text requests the identification of dates prior to 2050 when natural gas ceases to be the lowest-cost alternative to diesel combustion turbines and when diesel CTs lose their NPV cost advantage over natural gas.

- diesel CTs no longer have an NPV cost advantage over the lowest-cost non-emitting alternative or combination of alternatives d For the initial analysis and for the analyses in part b), how sensitive are the findings to: - the assumed dat...

AI summary The text discusses the lack of NPV cost advantage for diesel CTs compared to non-emitting alternatives and raises questions about the sensitivity of findings to the timing of significant expenditures on diesel CTs.

CTs (e.g. if they occur on a cycle 5 years earlier than anticipated)? - discount rates - cost declines in battery storage 4 a Supply Hydro NS Power 2020 IRP 19-27 During screening the model was free to re optimize the resource For Wreck Co...

AI summary The document discusses the 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) by NS Power, focusing on modeling results and the value of energy and capacity from various resources, including new gas CTs/CCGTs, batteries, and pumped storage. It also mentions the need to clarify the analysis undertaken during or prior to the IRP.

acilities Discuss the likelihood of these events occurring, and the risks to that appear to go unaddressed in the analysis of these hydro assets. NSPI of proceeding with redevelopment. Discuss the potential environmental costs and benefits...

AI summary The text discusses the likelihood of events related to the redevelopment of hydro assets by NSPI and the potential environmental costs and benefits of decommissioning the Mersey facilities, highlighting risks that may be unaddressed in the analysis.

5 a Supply Imports NS Power 2020 IRP 19 Incremental firm imports are selected when offered via a Regional Information is lacking concerning the proposed firm and non-firm Please provide additional information concerning the firm and Modeli...

AI summary The document discusses the role of firm and non-firm imports in meeting energy requirements in Nova Scotia's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), highlighting delays in the Muskrat Falls Project and Labrador-Island Link, and the associated costs and risks of relying on imported electricity versus locally developed resources.

quantities of imports in all scenarios for meeting future energy requirements. What contingency plans are in place to meet future energy requirements in the event that imported resources are unavailable at the costs or on the timeframes co...

AI summary The text discusses the selection of natural gas combined cycle gas turbines (CCGTs) in the NS Power 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and raises questions about contingency plans for meeting future energy requirements if imported resources are unavailable at expected costs or timeframes.

natural gas CCGTs typically have much higher 3.1 and 3.2, with or without regional integration) undertake Workshop July 9, 2020 capacity factors and produce substantial GHG emissions as a result. comparative analyses by imposing a developm...

AI summary The text discusses the imprudence of developing natural gas CCGTs beyond 2025 or 2020 due to their high GHG emissions and the need to eliminate emissions from electricity by 2050. It references literature suggesting that future development of CCGTs is not economically or environmentally viable.

electricity by 2050. The basis for these dates follows from the potential for these assets to be stranded before the end of their useful lives. It would be beneficial for the IRP to consider scenarios in which the development of future CCG...

AI summary The text discusses the potential for natural gas combined cycle (CCGT) power plants to become stranded assets before the end of their useful lives, suggesting that the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) should consider scenarios where future CCGT development is precluded after 2025 to evaluate policy options and risks.

utility in evaluating future risks of developing additional CCGTs.

AI summary The text discusses the evaluation of future risks associated with the development of additional Combined Cycle Gas Turbines (CCGTs) by a utility.

- economic treatment of GHG emissions following 2050. 8 Presentation Distributed Energy NS Power 2020 IRP 17, 23 The cost of DER resources was not included in model NPV The "NPV Partial Revenue Requirement Comparison" graph indicates Consi...

AI summary The text discusses the economic treatment of GHG emissions post-2050 and highlights issues with the cost modeling of DER resources in the 2020 IRP. It notes that the cost of DERs was not included in the model's NPV calculations, leading to potential misrepresentations in cost comparisons between scenarios.

igure 1 below). 1 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 165 of 245 Figure 1 Our concern is that this was not an apples-to-apples comparison as it accounts for the additional cost of a longer duration facility but ignores the a...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power argues that A-CAES offers cost advantages over lithium-ion batteries, especially in long-duration energy storage. They highlight economies of scale and reliability, citing cost comparisons for 6-hour and 12-hour facilities in California. A-CAES is presented as a viable solution for integrating wind energy and improving grid reliability.

adian designed A-CAES facility built to a scale of 300 to 500MW with a long duration of 6, 8,10, 12 hours or beyond can assist Nova Scotia Power in its Integrated Resource Plan in the following areas: • Be a cost-effective non-wire alterna...

AI summary Hydrostor Inc. proposes an A-CAES facility (300-500MW, 6-12 hours duration) as a cost-effective non-wire alternative for transmission, a clean synchronous generation option for coal retirements, and a balancing resource for intermittent renewables. They invite Nova Scotia Power to visit their Goderich facility and engage in discussions.

t of Li-ion for long duration applications due greater life of A-CAES (i.e. A-CAES more than 4x cycle life of Li- ion, which can be cost-effectively extended even longer to allow a 30-50+ asset life). 8 Note: Costs shown are overnight cost...

AI summary The text compares the cost and environmental benefits of A-CAES (Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage) with natural gas (CCGT). A-CAES has a longer cycle life and can be cost-effectively extended, making it a viable alternative to natural gas. It is also emission-free and can be sited in locations where natural gas is not permitted.

the ongoing fuel costs of natural gas relative to the off-peak electricity rate in many markets. Most importantly, A-CAES is emission-free and often can be sited where natural gas cannot be permitted. 9 Note: Costs shown are overnight cost...

AI summary The text discusses the value proposition of A-CAES (Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage) as a clean, flexible alternative to fossil fuel plants and a non-wires alternative for deferring grid investments. It emphasizes emission-free operation, lower permitting hurdles, and the ability to leverage existing infrastructure.

transmission alternatives requiring longer-term outage management Deferral • Locatable reliable power for critical areas and infrastructure • Provide dispatchable or baseloaded renewables at rates ~$70-120/MWh Renewable • Optimize large so...

AI summary The document discusses transmission alternatives involving longer-term outage management and deferral strategies, focusing on locatable reliable power for critical infrastructure and the integration of renewable energy sources. It highlights the potential of renewable energy projects with costs ranging from $70-120/MWh and mentions Hydrostor's ongoing and future energy storage projects across multiple regions.

on the IRP process. We note that again the time for comments to this process are extremely tight and it makes it very difficult for us to fully process the information that is being submitted by NSPI. In general, there are two large issues...

AI summary The document discusses concerns raised about the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) process, particularly the tight timeline for comments and the difficulty in processing information from NSPI. Key issues include the cost of wind energy (capex, opex, and capacity factor) and limits on wind installed capacity. NSPI defends its pricing assumptions for wind energy.

Natural Forces Memo July 17, 2020 Page 1 of 6 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 181 of 245  O&M $59 / kW / year This is not close to what current pricing would suggest is for wind in Canada. Natural Forces is currently bu...

AI summary Natural Forces criticizes the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) for underestimating wind energy costs due to low capacity factors and a 700 MW hard cap on wind installed capacity, which they argue biases the model towards less renewables and higher costs. They suggest testing the sensitivity of the model with a 30% cost reduction.

portantly, we believe this approach to be fundamentally flawed and biased towards less renewables and higher costs. PSC study The 700 MW “limit” on installed capacity is derived from the PSC study 1. As we noted before, the PSC study analy...

AI summary The text criticizes the PSC study's 700 MW capacity limit, arguing it is biased towards less renewables and higher costs. It explains that the study examined stressed system conditions, including a 600 MW wind generation finding, but cautions against extrapolating these results to normal conditions.

Report”, prepared by PSC North America on behalf of Nova Scotia Power Inc. (24th July 2019). 2 Page Natural Forces Memo July 17, 2020 Page 2 of 6 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 182 of 245 to the more normal or typical s...

AI summary The report discusses the findings from a PSC study on wind generation limits in Nova Scotia's power system, identifying two key scenarios where system limits are reached due to high wind output and AC intertie imports. It suggests reducing AC imports as a more effective remedy than limiting wind generation.

ld be a more effective remedy; reduction of the import level has the double benefit of creating more space for conventional generation, while at the same time reducing the severity of the contingency. In effect, wind is being limited in or...

AI summary The text discusses the operational limitations of wind capacity in stressed system conditions and suggests that reducing import levels could be a more effective remedy. It emphasizes that wind curtailment is a common practice in systems with renewable energy ambitions, particularly during rare instances when high wind output coincides with stressed system conditions.

ating the problems. 3 In fact evidence suggests that there is a positive correlation between wind output and demand, reducing the likelihood of occurrences of high wind output at time of low demand. 3 Page Natural Forces Memo July 17, 2020...

AI summary The document discusses the unpredictability of stressful events in power systems, particularly the loss of the AC intertie, and highlights that while such events are unpredictable, the system conditions under which they occur are predictable. Mitigation strategies such as curtailment of wind or imports are recommended. International practice supports curtailment of wind output during high wind and stressed system conditions.

he amount of wind which can be installed to the amount of wind output that the system can safely accommodate in the most stressful system conditions would, quite frankly, not even enter consideration. To take Ireland as an example; both Ir...

AI summary The text discusses the challenges of integrating high levels of wind energy into the power system, using Ireland as an example. It highlights how Ireland accommodates up to 70% wind output during peak times, despite limitations on installed capacity. It also references the Synchronous Inertial Response (SIR) requirement in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) model, based on a PSC study with a safety margin.

regarding COVID, but this is certainly much longer than would be assumed in other countries. To our knowledge, most countries are predicting recovery to earlier trajectories within two to five years. Requirement for transitioning plan As w...

AI summary The text discusses the need for a transition plan for adding new generation units and retiring coal plants over a period of up to ten years. It highlights concerns about the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) model not accounting for gradual changes and the potential for increased capital expenditure if wind capacity and infrastructure like the second AC intertie are not aligned.

ough there are no firm import arrangements (interconnector flows follow the market). This approach significantly reduces the generation installed capacity requirement in each system, and in aggregate. Emulated or Synthetic inertia The poin...

AI summary The document discusses the lack of firm import arrangements and the impact of HVDC interconnectors and RES on providing synthetic inertia. It highlights the potential future significance of developments in this area. The SBA participated in an IRP stakeholder meeting and provided comments on modeling results.

• Provide information regarding whether the battery+ synchronous condenser option for system inertia would also provide system capacity. b. Reliability Tie and Regional Integration -Treatment of risk: The Reliability Tie and Regional inter...

AI summary The text addresses questions regarding the system inertia provided by a battery+synchronous condenser option, the risks and studies required for reliability tie and regional integration, and the inclusion of offshore wind in the renewable resource portfolio. It emphasizes the need for cost-benefit analysis and planning flexibility.

s The following are comments from the Verschuren Centre for Sustainability in Energy and the Environment regarding the Initial Modeling results of the 2020 Integrated Resource Plan. Stranded Assets It seems counterintuitive that in modelin...

AI summary The Verschuren Centre for Sustainability in Energy and the Environment questions the modeling of stranded assets and the exclusion of inertia contributions from wind energy and energy storage in the 2020 Integrated Resource Plan. They argue that fossil fuel capacity may become stranded in a net-zero system and that wind and storage could contribute to system inertia.

les of gearbox-based turbines being able to provide more physical inertia as well. Future requests for renewable energy could provide an adder for turbines that can provide this service going forward. Since all Lithium Ion Battery systems...

AI summary The document discusses the potential of synthetic inertia from renewable energy sources, particularly lithium-ion battery systems and inverter-based technologies, to stabilize power grids. It references studies and projects like PG&E's EPIC 2.05 and NERC's white paper, which highlight the benefits of these technologies in low-inertia environments.

nthetic Inertia from Wind Power Stabilize Grids?” – 2016 https://spectrum.ieee.org/energywise/energy/renewables/can-synthetic-inertia- stabilize-power-grids - 2 EPIC Final Report – PG&E – March 2019 https://www.pge.com/pge_global/common/pd...

AI summary The text references a Nova Scotia Power Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) appendix and includes questions about the impact of inertia constraints on generator choices and the evaluation of synthetic inertia and fast regulation services using energy storage and wind turbines.

July 2020 Category Comment # Comment NS Power Response Distributed CA-03 We are concerned by NS Power’s decision to ignore the costs NS Power has provided this information for all DER Resources for the distributed energy resources in cases...

AI summary The Consumer Advocate expresses concern over NS Power's handling of distributed energy resource (DER) costs in specific cases, noting that the value to customers, especially for storage, is difficult to estimate. They recommend that NS Power clearly indicate when costs for these cases do not include bottom-of-the-meter (BTM) costs.

Those BTM costs do not fit neatly into the NPVRR calculation, since they do not represent utility revenue requirements. Nor should the full cost of DERs comparable to the utility costs, since DERs (especially paired solar and storage) prov...

AI summary The text discusses challenges in comparing different energy plans due to divergent load forecasts and the limitations of the NPVRR metric in reflecting benefits from electrification and demand-side management. It also mentions the difficulty in incorporating BTM costs into NPVRR calculations and suggests using placeholder values or marginal energy costs for estimation.

ogressing consistent with HRM’s goals, then NS Power would need to adopt significantly higher assumptions for building electrification. Page 6 of 53 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 199 of 245 IRP Participant Comments and...

AI summary NS Power’s 2019 wind capital cost of $2,100 per kW is questioned as being higher than market rates. NS Power acknowledges this and proposes reducing the cost to $1,500 per kW, which would significantly increase near-term wind capacity procurement. A market-based information solicitation is proposed to inform wind cost assumptions.

procurement (118 MW in 2.1C.S2 vs 57 solicit Nova Scotia market based information for MW in 2.1C). wind. Recommendation: Compare assumptions to the contract prices in New Brunswick if possible. If New Brunswick costs are lower than NS Powe...

AI summary The text discusses a procurement comparison between Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, noting a discrepancy in assumed costs for wind energy projects. It recommends comparing assumptions with New Brunswick contract prices and revising NS Power's cost assumptions if necessary.

July 2020 Category Comment # Comment NS Power Response Wind CA-10 NS Power caps the wind build at 100 MW (700 MW total IRP runs consistently show economic utilization of non- integration installed) unless either reliability tie or a batter...

AI summary NS Power has capped wind build at 100 MW unless reliability measures are implemented. The PSC study identified stability issues during high wind and import periods. NS Power plans to study system stability and constraints related to wind integration.

f high wind and high imports conversations with stakeholders. without the reliability tie, wind generation could be capped at 700 MW. Second, under conditions of high wind, a minimum conventional (thermal or hydro) online capacity requirem...

AI summary The text discusses potential measures to ensure grid reliability during high wind conditions, such as establishing a minimum conventional online capacity requirement to provide local inertia and reduce imports, thereby avoiding the combination of high wind and high imports.

Inertia CA-11 NSP should conduct capacity expansion plan modeling with NS Power has accepted these recommendations no inertia constraint and/or with a 1500MW-s inertia and included additional sensitivities in the Final Consumer constraint...

AI summary The document discusses NS Power's need to conduct capacity expansion plan modeling with varying inertia constraints and the sensitivity of model results to wind energy costs and reliability tie requirements. NS Power has accepted recommendations and included additional sensitivities in its Final Portfolio Study.

ELCC CA-12 The E3 Capacity Value study indicates that the wind ELCC NS Power provides a 19% capacity value for the drops from 38% at near-zero capacity to 19% at NSP’s existing approx. 600MW of wind, as derived in the Consumer current wind...

AI summary The text discusses the capacity value of wind resources, noting that the ELCC drops from 38% to 19% as wind capacity increases. It highlights that NS Power's current IRP assumptions assign the same ELCC value to both existing and incremental wind capacity, which may not accurately reflect the performance of existing resources during peak hours.

ower. • Our calculations, following the LBNL method (see footnote), suggest existing resources should have an ELCC of about 25%, as described below. • E3’s calculation of a 19% ELCC at current wind levels may be a marginal value (reflectin...

AI summary The text discusses calculations of Effective Load-Carrying Capacity (ELCC) using the LBNL method, suggesting that existing resources have an ELCC of about 25%, while E3's calculation of 19% may reflect marginal rather than average values.

Wind CA-13 NS Power may model these operational constraints NS Power has proposed an IRP Action Plan item related to integration (curtailments or minimum commitment requirements) in its continued refinement of synchronized inertia Consumer...

AI summary NS Power is considering modeling operational constraints related to wind integration, such as curtailments or minimum commitment requirements, in its planning models. The entity is also examining dynamic modeling options for synchronized inertia requirements and has proposed an action plan to solicit market information for wind procurement.

ntil later Scotia market based information for wind, which will in the study period. inform future wind procurement. Under the assumption that operational restraints are used, Future procurement for the Reliability tieline, with the and lo...

AI summary The text discusses the need for future wind procurement in the Nova Scotia market, considering operational restraints and low wind costs. It raises questions about the timing of wind development beyond operational constraints, the reliability tie, and the need for studies to assess the performance and cost-effectiveness of operational constraints in addressing high wind/high import issues.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 204 of 245 IRP Participant Comments and NS Power Response July 2020 Category Comment # Comment NS Power Response ELCC CA-14 ELCC of incremental wind See response to CA-12 above. NS Power h...

AI summary The Consumer Advocate comments on the ELCC of incremental wind, noting that after accounting for capacity credit, the capacity factor for wind in peak hours significantly drops. NS Power responds by explaining that ELCC analysis considers wind's contribution to firm capacity on an 8760 basis, not just peak hours, and references prior discussions on this topic.

d of 1,840 MW or with a net load of 1,697 MW. This indicates that the 595 MW of wind reduced load by about 143 MW, or a 25% capacity credit. Thus, while our analysis supports the use of a 19% ELCC for incremental resources, we find that th...

AI summary The document discusses the capacity credit of wind resources, suggesting that existing wind resources should have a UCAP Firm Capacity of 143 MW instead of 113 MW. It also highlights the need for further investigation into the cost and operational constraints of wind resource development within the IRP process.

Combined CA-20 It is surprising to see a combined cycle built so late in the NS Power agrees that the treatment of late period builds Cycle Gas 2.2A and 2.2C cases, as well as being built in the 3.1 and 3.2 is challenging and notes that th...

AI summary The text discusses concerns about the modeling of combined cycle gas plants in the context of 2050 climate targets. It highlights uncertainty about the financial viability of these plants and the need for model modifications. NS Power acknowledges the challenge but believes these late-period builds have limited influence on the near-term resource plan.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 209 of 245 IRP Participant Comments and NS Power Response July 2020 Category Comment # Comment NS Power Response Wind CanREA-01 Recommendation: more analysis be conducted to consider NS Po...

AI summary The Canadian Renewable Energy Association recommends further analysis on wind energy integration with storage and other technologies to enable more cost-effective wind energy without significant infrastructure investment. Nova Scotia Power has provided additional model runs and proposed an action plan for refining synchronized inertia requirements.

onse July 2020 Category Comment # Comment NS Power Response Wind CanREA-02 We understand that the operability analysis is likely to be The Operability Assessment completed as part of test scenarios that were evaluated in PLEXOS to ensure t...

AI summary CanREA-02 comments on the operability analysis of wind generation in Nova Scotia, emphasizing the need for dynamic/transient analysis to capture wind contributions to Fast Frequency Response services. NS Power acknowledges the need for additional work and proposes a post-IRP Action Plan item. The comment also highlights potential cost reductions from increased wind and inverter-based resources.

increased volumes of these resources could reduce costs for Nova Scotia consumers while advancing the Province’s environmental goals. Page 18 of 53 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 211 of 245 IRP Participant Comments and...

AI summary The text discusses the potential for increased volumes of certain resources to lower costs for Nova Scotia consumers and support the province's environmental goals. It references the Nova Scotia Power Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) final report and its appendix, which includes participant comments and responses from NS Power.

Analysis CanREA-03 Key unexplained results that are surprising and appear Plexos LT module optimizes resource plans constrained by counter-intuitive are the high levels of gas turbine build and all ancillary services (reserve) constraints,...

AI summary The analysis discusses modeling of ancillary service provision by various resources, noting that batteries and other non-synchronous resources can provide higher quality ancillary services compared to conventional resources. However, the quality of AGC service from batteries is too granular for capacity expansion models. NS Power highlights that the ELCC of battery storage declines quickly with installed capacity in Nova Scotia.

lines the underlying requirements for these resources to relatively quickly with installed capacity on the Nova provide this service, reducing costs to customers. Scotia system, in part due to the more variable nature of the wind resource...

AI summary The analysis questions whether the end effects assessment sufficiently considers the additional costs of fossil-based resources compared to renewable ones, especially with growing carbon constraints. It also raises concerns about the assumption of an infinite reinvestment horizon and the low capacity factors of combustion turbine resources added for capacity.

Basic information has been provided relating to the Inclusion of DER scenarios was determined through envisioned costs for renewable DERs - described as consultation with stakeholders on the Analysis Plan "$1.6-2.5B" on an NPV basis. These...

AI summary The document discusses the inclusion of DER scenarios in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), noting that envisioned costs for renewable DERs are $1.6-2.5B on an NPV basis but have not been directly included in any modelling scenario. Current solar PV programs do not leverage ratepayer investment, and DER investment costs are outside the utility model for IRP analysis.

should be provided on the basis of evaluation criteria, and the relative importance of each criteria in making such a determination. Page 26 of 53 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix J Page 219 of 245 IRP Participant Comments and N...

AI summary Efficiency One raised concerns about the modeling of non-firm imports in RESOLVE and requested clarification on whether PLEXOS LT runs account for non-firm imports as capacity. Nova Scotia Power responded that there are no ongoing modeling impacts and confirmed that PLEXOS LT does not count non-firm imports as capacity, noting that assumptions were finalized after stakeholder input.

it the opportunities for other 2045) represents NS Power’s view of a path to sectors to rapidly decarbonize. absolute zero in 2050. Model zero-emission cases for 2050, 2045 and 2035. A zero emissions study enables the model to compare the...

AI summary The text discusses NS Power’s modeling of pathways to achieve zero emissions by 2050, including the comparison of costs between carbon sequestration and clean energy imports, and the consideration of accelerated net zero timelines for potential long-term cost savings.

Scenarios EAC-02 The study restricts the model’s ability to add firm imports In the Regional Integration scenarios, the model is and as such biases the result towards gas turbine able to select both limited quantities of firm import Ecolog...

AI summary The study discusses how the model's restriction on adding firm imports biases results toward gas turbine construction and natural gas purchases. It also addresses the potential for non-firm energy imports and the implications of long decarbonization trajectories on emissions and cost-effectiveness.

modeled could represent a reliability and self sufficiency challenge, as NS Power must be able to accommodate the loss of its largest generator or firm import, and so are not considered in this IRP. Page 30 of 53 Nova Scotia Power IRP Fina...

AI summary The document discusses the reliability and self-sufficiency challenges faced by NS Power, particularly in accommodating the loss of its largest generator or firm import, and notes that these are not considered in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP). It also includes a comment from Ecology Action Centre requesting detailed operational profiles of natural gas and diesel generators, with NS Power responding that such data is provided in modeling releases.

ociated with each generation by year from both Natural Gas and Diesel Centre unit). combustion turbines. Samples of natural gas and diesel combustion turbine outputs were provided as part of the Operating NS Power will continue to monitor...

AI summary The text discusses NS Power's monitoring of developments in storage technology, such as long-duration battery storage and tidal power, as potential cost-effective alternate generation or storage solutions. It references a specific example of a 150-hour duration battery demonstration in Minnesota.

It is plausible that a zero emissions limit at 2050, 2045 or NS Power has focused the efforts of this IRP on 2035 would choose interconnection over generation if it had modeling a deep decarbonization of the electricity access within the m...

AI summary The text discusses the potential benefits of focusing on interconnection over generation in achieving deep decarbonization of the electricity system by 2035 or earlier. It highlights that NS Power has modeled scenarios with significant reductions in emissions and notes the importance of considering the cost-effectiveness of generation lifecycle decisions.

Import and EAC-08 Import and Natural Gas Trade-offs: The Salisbury - Quebec HVDC resource option was Natural Gas offered to the model in all Regional Integration Ecology Action Scenarios that modeled regional integration indicate that the...

AI summary The document discusses the inclusion of the Salisbury - Quebec HVDC resource option in regional integration scenarios and its potential selection over natural gas generation with carbon sequestration. It also notes that NS Power does not account for upstream fugitive emissions in its quantification standards and will monitor regulatory developments.

regulatory developments in this area and update its analysis, via the evergreen IRP process, as In addition, there is a risk that continued natural gas appropriate. purchases will ultimately carry a higher carbon emissions factor due to up...

AI summary The text discusses the risks associated with continued natural gas purchases due to potential increases in carbon emissions, particularly from upstream fugitive methane emissions. It highlights the need for NS Power to assess import options and the potential costs of transitioning to zero emissions, especially for natural gas-fired systems.

July 2020 Category Comment # Comment NS Power Response CTs HG-01 The liquid‐fueled CT’s are now over 40 years old. The model As discussed at the July IRP workshop, NS Power has scenarios include the continued use of these units to 2045, in...

AI summary Heritage Gas raises concerns about the aging liquid-fueled combined cycle (CT) units, which are over 40 years old and expected to operate until 2045. Fuel delivery relies on tanker trucks, and availability is constrained, especially in winter. NS Power responds that it has invested in maintaining these units and that their capacity is lower cost than alternatives, citing resource screening results.

ly of the economics of replacement vs sustaining capital costs. Reliability test results should be made available to IRP stakeholders. Electrification HG-02 Given that IRP outcomes can influence long‐term capital Based on feedback respecti...

AI summary The text discusses the economic implications of capital costs in the context of the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), emphasizing the importance of considering reliability test results and the impact of electrification on energy demand. It highlights the role of natural gas distribution systems in meeting peak demand and the need for collaboration to ensure cost-effective energy solutions.

alternatives with similar attributes (e.g. RECIP vs duration market. CT, battery vs other storage option, etc.). CAES can act as a non-wires alternative to traditional transmission for improving reliability or as a solution for integrating...

AI summary The text discusses the potential of CAES (Compressed Air Energy Storage) and A-CAES (Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage) as non-wires alternatives and solutions for integrating wind resources into the grid. It highlights the flexibility and benefits of A-CAES, such as providing inertia and synchronous generation, and being flexibly sited where needed.

July 2020 Category Comment # Comment NS Power Response Wind cost NF-01 Price of wind is overstated compared to observed current NS Power undertook two Low Wind Price Natural Forces pricing. NS Power should reduce by 30 percent at a Sensiti...

AI summary The comment argues that NS Power has overestimated the price of wind energy by using a low capacity factor, suggesting a 30% reduction. NS Power responded by citing sensitivity analyses and noting that capacity factors were based on a CanWEA study, which assumes higher capacity factors than current Nova Scotia wind farms.

Wind cap NF-02 Wind is capped at 700 MW unless tie, batteries, condensers Contingencies are not scheduled, and therefore the built. PSC study was based on stressed conditions and system cannot be pre-set to manage these Natural Forces seve...

AI summary The text discusses the limitations on wind capacity in Nova Scotia, suggesting that wind should be capped at 700 MW unless tie, batteries, or condensers are built. It highlights concerns about system contingencies and the economic implications of curtailing wind output or imports during system stress.

non-firm imports that are being economically dispatched in all The Study findings do not conclude that the wind installed scenarios. NPCC and NERC criteria state the capacity must be limited to 700 MW. All that they conclude, contingencies...

AI summary The study does not recommend limiting wind capacity to 700 MW but suggests temporary limitations during stressed system conditions. NS Power's draft findings indicate the need for further assessment of system stability with high renewable energy penetration and potential requirements for additional integration assets.

Transition plan NF-05 Transition plans are needed to replace generation, which NS Power agrees that the system transformations and wind adds doesn’t happen instantaneously - a new build and a indicated in the IRP scenarios will require cau...

AI summary The text discusses the need for a transition plan to replace generation capacity, emphasizing that NS Power agrees that system transformations occur over long periods. It highlights the importance of adding wind capacity gradually up to 2030 and the need for infrastructure such as the 2nd AC intertie or BES/synch comps to accompany wind installations. The text also notes that premature capital expenditure could increase costs to consumers.

Distributed Quest-01 DERs are considered a reduction in system demand without The NEM arrangement allows customers to offset Resources a cost to the system. How does this assumption fit within the their consumption with the production from...

AI summary The text discusses the consideration of distributed energy resources (DERs) as a reduction in system demand and questions how this assumption aligns with Enhanced Net-metering requirements. It also mentions NS Power's exploration of DERs through the NS Smart Grid project and the potential benefits of resiliency and reliability from DERs.

may be part of your planned next step runs and scenario resources, as indicated by the lack of economically testing. If so, information from that process may help gain selected utility-scale solar in the IRP scenarios, this insights into t...

AI summary The text discusses the potential value of distributed energy resources (DERs), especially when combined with storage, and the need for further discussions on incorporating them into the Roadmap. It also mentions interest from Nova Scotia municipalities in Community Solar PV Gardens and NS Power's acknowledgment of the need for more information on customer-sited battery installations.

installations, and under what conditions, it would be highly speculative to model such value sources. NS Power agrees that the Smart Grid Atlantic Project and a continued analysis on the potential of DERs to provide distribution level savi...

AI summary NS Power acknowledges the importance of the Smart Grid Atlantic Project and ongoing analysis of DERs for distribution level savings as these technologies develop and mature. The value of such installations and their conditions remain speculative.

Natural Gas Quest-03 The narrative suggests a CCGT solution appears in several As part of NS Power’s draft Action Plan, it has runs. We recommend there be a fuller discussion of the costs proposed to develop a plan for the redevelopment En...

AI summary The text discusses the potential for combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) solutions in Nova Scotia's energy system, emphasizing the need for a full discussion of costs and benefits. It highlights the importance of fuel flexibility, local natural gas storage, and reliability risks associated with reliance on a single pipeline. CCGT investment is suggested as a priority for achieving a net-zero electricity system by 2050.

estimated to be 41% for offshore wind, 2% higher than the 39% assumed in the IRP for new onshore wind. From an integration perspective, offshore wind would have similar integration requirements as onshore wind and so could be integrated in...

AI summary The document notes that offshore wind has an estimated integration cost of 41%, 2% higher than the 39% assumed in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) for onshore wind. Offshore wind is expected to have similar integration requirements as onshore wind and could be integrated in future resource plans if costs or other factors change significantly.

d going forward. The Company should provide metrics to help provide insight on affordability of each portfolio, perhaps showing annual cost of electricity impacts utilizing nominal capital cost carrying charges. Generally, the more capital...

AI summary The document discusses the need for NS Power to provide metrics on the affordability of its portfolio and the reliance on imported power. It emphasizes the importance of transparency regarding capital investment requirements and long-term electricity costs.

July 2020 Category Comment # Comment NS Power Response Stranded Assets VC-01 It is counterintuitive that building 764-1170 MW of As part of NS Power’s draft Action Plan for the additional fossil fuel capacity is most appropriate. It should...

AI summary The comment questions the appropriateness of building additional fossil fuel capacity, suggesting these assets may have minimal value in a zero carbon system by 2050. NS Power responds by mentioning their draft Action Plan for redevelopment or replacement of existing gas-powered steam turbines and consideration of low/zero carbon alternatives.

, especially for those units including consideration for low/zero carbon installed in 2040 in 2.x Scenarios? alternative fuels. Resource technologies utilizing natural gas feedstock were not excluded as candidate resources. In scenarios th...

AI summary The text discusses the consideration of low/zero carbon technologies and natural gas resources in energy planning scenarios up to 2040. It notes that Combined Cycle gas units may be utilized later in the planning horizon, contingent on carbon policy developments and alternative fuel sources like hydrogen or CCS. The Plexos model does not account for stranded assets beyond the planning horizon.

Many of the existing fleet of Nova Scotia wind turbines, The IRP model does not limit the quantity of online including some of those owned by NS Power, are inverter- inertia that can be supplied via synchronous based machines that could pr...

AI summary The text discusses the potential for wind turbines and lithium-ion battery systems to provide synthetic inertia to the grid. It also mentions the need to examine inertia constraints in the Integrated Resource Plan model and the use of the Plexos LT module for optimizing resource dispatch.

nd are fossil fuel generator over batteries contributing to certain modeled ancillary services. 3. Did the inertia constraint impact the decision process of Batteries contribute to all types of reserve the Diesel CT Screening? including re...

AI summary The text discusses the impact of inertia constraints on the Diesel CT Screening and evaluates the potential of wind turbines, demand control, and batteries to contribute to ancillary services. It also notes that transient system stability studies, which assess FFR, are outside the scope of long-term planning studies.

NS Power Response The draft Roadmap item included in the draft Report provides: 2. Complete detailed system stability studies under various current and future system conditions, reflective of both stressed system states and normal operatin...

AI summary NS Power's response outlines the need for detailed system stability studies under various system conditions, considering increased wind capacity and the impact of inverter-based generators on grid services like Synchronized Inertia and Fast Frequency Response.

Check whether the portfolio selected by the determine ELCC for resources PLEXOS model is reliable in 2045 Process involved RECAP 7 RECAP: E3’s Renewable Energy Capacity Planning Model Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 10 o...

AI summary The document discusses the use of E3’s RECAP model to evaluate the reliability of electricity system portfolios by calculating the loss-of-load probability (LOLP) and determining the target Primary Reserve Management (PRM) based on a 1-day-in-10-year standard. The model uses time-sequential simulations over thousands of years to assess resource sufficiency under various conditions.

ct” 1-in-2 or “100% firm” capacity was forecast by NS Power Peak to be 2070 MW in 2020 Load 9 RECAP is used to test the reliability of the final PLEXOS portfolios Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 12 of 264  RECAP calcula...

AI summary The document discusses the use of the RECAP model in assessing the reliability of energy portfolios, particularly in relation to capacity expansion modeling and Effective Load-Carrying Capability (ELCC) values. It mentions the planning reserve margin (PRM) and the importance of ensuring adequate system capacity with a target of 0.1 days/year loss-of-load expectation (LOLE).

rt Appendix K Page 13 of 264 Scenarios Evaluated 2045 Installed Capacity in PLEXOS ModelNova RunsScotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 14 of 264  After the initial PLEXOS modeling, RECAP tested the reliability of the system in 204...

AI summary The document evaluates three scenarios for Nova Scotia Power's 2045 installed capacity under different carbon targets, electrification loads, and renewable build-out levels. All scenarios meet the 0.1 days/year loss-of-load expectation (LOLE) target, with varying ultimate capacity (UCAP) primary reserve management (PRM) requirements based on load shapes.

Installed Capacity (MW) ELCC (MW) / UCAP ICAP (MW) Includes all thermal units Dispatchable 1,505 1,418 1,505 Firm Imports 588 527 588 Includes only firm DR - - - imports Storage 33 27 27 Variable 1,132 152 152 Thermal, imports and Hydro 36...

AI summary The document presents capacity and ELCC (Effective Load-Carrying Capability) data for Nova Scotia's energy portfolio, including installed capacity, UCAP (Ultimate Capacity), ICAP (Installed Capacity), and PRM (Primary Reserve Management) metrics. It highlights a capacity surplus and the relationship between these metrics and reserve targets in 2045.

32 hit the target LOLE Note: RECAP estimates a PRM target endogenously given the scenario load characteristics and reserves in 2045, thus it may differ slightly from the PRM target estimated for the 2020 system. Similarly, ELCCs are also a...

AI summary The document discusses the modeling of Nova Scotia Power's 2045 installed capacity and load using the RECAP tool, resulting in a UCAP target of 8% and achieving a LOLE of 0.02 days per year, which is below the target of 0.1 days per year.

Page 30 of 264 ADDITIONAL MODELING UPDATES Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 31 of 264 ADDITIONAL MODELING UPDATES Based on the stakeholder workshop held in July as well as comments received following the modeling results...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power has made several updates to its Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) modeling based on stakeholder feedback, including enhancements to the PLEXOS capacity expansion model and the development of a rate impact model. Key updates include restrictions on new supply-side builds, adjustments to demand response program cost representation, and the inclusion of additional units for ramping reserve constraints.

orders of magnitude or directional time frames. NS Power looks forward to receiving stakeholder comments on these Draft Findings, which will then be refined for inclusion in the IRP Final Report. I R P D R A F T F I N D I N G S , R O A D M...

AI summary The draft findings emphasize the need for significant efforts across all sectors to reduce carbon emissions in line with Nova Scotia’s Sustainable Development Goals Act, with the electricity sector playing a major role. Key strategies include reliance on non-emitting electricity, demand side management, and electrification of fossil fuel-dependent end uses. Nova Scotia Power projects a substantial reduction in direct carbon emissions by 2045.

P Final Report Appendix K Page 49 of 264 DRAFT FINDINGS 2. Decarbonizing Nova Scotia Power ’s electricity supply will require investment in a diverse portfolio of non- and low-emitting resources. a) Regional Integration (i.e. investment in...

AI summary Decarbonizing Nova Scotia Power's electricity supply requires investment in a diverse portfolio of non- and low-emitting resources. Regional integration, such as the Reliability Tie and Regional Interconnection, is an economic component of least-cost plans. Wind is the lowest cost domestic renewable energy source, with significant capacity additions planned alongside coal retirements.

eport Appendix K Page 50 of 264 DRAFT FINDINGS 2. CONTINUED Decarbonizing Nova Scotia Power ’s electricity supply will require investment in a diverse portfolio of non- and low-emitting resources. c) Coal units are generally sustained econ...

AI summary The draft findings discuss the need for investment in non- and low-emitting resources to decarbonize Nova Scotia Power's electricity supply. Coal units are being retired, requiring new generating capacity. Hydro resources are economically viable, and energy efficiency programs are deemed cost-effective. Firm capacity resources, such as combustion turbines, will be essential for the near and long term.

they can quickly respond to changes in wind and non-firm imported energy. 50-150MW is required by 2025, while 600- 1000MW of new capacity is required by 2045 to support retirement of steam units. b) NS Power’s existing Combustion Turbine r...

AI summary The document outlines the need for firm capacity resources in Nova Scotia Power's system, emphasizing the importance of combustion turbines, battery storage, and demand response programs. It highlights the required capacity additions by 2025 and 2045, the economic benefits of existing resources, and the role of planning reserve margins in ensuring supply reliability.

ders of magnitude or directional time frames. NS Power looks forward to receiving stakeholder comments on this Draft Action Plan, which will then be refined for inclusion in the IRP Final Report. I R P D R A F T F I N D I N G S , R O A D M...

AI summary NS Power proposes a Regional Integration Strategy to enhance access to firm capacity and low carbon energy, improve interconnection reliability, and support coal unit retirements. The plan includes identifying near-term import opportunities, conducting engineering and economic studies, and developing a Reliability Tie and Regional Interconnection with target in-service dates between 2025-2035.

A C T I O N P L A N 54 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 57 of 264 DRAFT ACTION PLAN 2. Electrification is a key variable in this IRP and results indicate that under economic resource plans it can support provincial decarb...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power's IRP Final Report outlines an action plan focused on electrification and thermal plant retirement. The plan includes strategies to encourage economic electrification while maintaining rate stability and decarbonizing the province, along with monitoring electrification growth and collecting data for system planning.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 58 of 264 DRAFT ACTION PLAN 3. Initiate a Thermal Plant Retirement, Redevelopment and Replacement Plan including: a) Develop a plan for the retirement of Trenton 5, targeting 2023-2025 whi...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power outlines a draft action plan for retiring coal plants, developing renewable energy, and implementing demand response strategies. Key actions include retiring Trenton 5 by 2023-2025, procuring wind energy, and creating a 75MW demand response strategy by 2025.

antities of installed wind capacity as seen in the IRP modeling results. 3. Pursue economic reinvestment in existing hydro and combustion turbines with individual business cases as applicable. 4. Complete a thermal plant Depreciation Study...

AI summary The document outlines next steps for Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), including stakeholder workshops, public comment periods, and finalization of the IRP report. It also highlights actions such as monitoring low/zero carbon fuels, refining depreciation strategies, and tracking the costs of renewable energy technologies.

I R P D R A F T F I N D I N G S , R O A D M A P, & A C T I O N P L A N 3 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 71 of 264 RELIABILITY AND OPERABILITY SCREENING Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 72 of 264 RELIAB...

AI summary The document discusses the reliability and operability screening process conducted by Nova Scotia Power as part of the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Final Report. It references the use of PLEXOS modeling for capacity expansion and production cost simulations, along with NPV calculations that include modeled and specific costs.

costs (i.e. production, O&M, abatement, sustaining capital, and capital investment) and specific costs considered outside of the long-term model optimization (i.e. energy efficiency costs) I R P D R A F T F I N D I N G S , R O A D M A P, &...

AI summary The text discusses the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) in the context of ongoing generation transformation, highlighting the increasing penetration of renewables in Nova Scotia's system and the anticipated changes due to the availability of energy over the Maritime Link beginning in 2021.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 77 of 264 IRP RESOURCE PLAN INSIGHTS Regional Integration Electrification Firm Capacity Resources Coal Retirements Reliability Tie and Regional Increased electricity sales due to New firm...

AI summary The IRP Resource Plan Insights discuss regional integration, electrification, firm capacity resources, and coal retirements. Electrification can reduce electricity rates and support carbon reductions. Firm capacity resources, like efficient combustion turbines, will replace retiring coal units, aligning with GHG emissions caps. Coal units are retiring due to declining capacity factors.

low-cost resource plans. firm imported energy and ensure reliability. capacity and energy can be procured). Wind Energy Solar Energy Demand Response & Efficiency Hydro Resources Wind energy continues to increase in all There is very limite...

AI summary The document discusses the inclusion of wind, solar, demand response, and hydro resources in Nova Scotia's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP). Wind energy is increasing and contributes to grid essential services, while solar generation is limited due to low capacity factors. Demand response programs provide economic value, and existing hydro resources are retained with sustaining investment.

85 of 264 2.1C M I D E L E C . / B A S E D S M / N E T Z E R O 2 0 5 0 / R E G I O N A L I N T E G R AT I O N Scenario Metrics & Evaluation 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $13,141 General Notes • Reliability Tie built in 2031 (earlier than previous runs...

AI summary The document presents scenario metrics and evaluation data for a 25-year and 10-year Net Present Value of Resource Requirement (NPVRR) under various conditions, including the construction of a Reliability Tie in 2031, retirement of a coal unit in the 2020s, and reduced combined cycle units by 2040. It also highlights CO2 emissions and the integration of renewable resources in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP).

18 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 86 of 264 N PV PA RT I A L R E V E N U E R EQ U I R E M E N T CO M PA R I S O N Low Electrification Mid Electrification High Electrification Low Electrification Mid Electrification High...

AI summary The document compares revenue requirements and rate impacts across different electrification scenarios. Higher electrification with DSM investments reduces customer rates over time, while significant DER penetration increases rate pressure. Coal closures in 2030 and 2040 have similar long-term impacts, but the 2030 closure creates additional pressure in the 2030s without mitigation.

- 0 9 - 0 2 22 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 90 of 264 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS – DSM LEVELS • 7 Sensitivities for DSM were completed, including runs selected in collaboration with E1, to evaluate combinations of DSM level...

AI summary The document presents sensitivity analyses for DSM levels and wind assumptions within the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) of Nova Scotia Power. Under varying electrification levels, different DSM scenarios show varying NPVs. Four model sensitivities were conducted on wind pricing, system inertia constraints, and wind integration, with specific test runs labeled as 2.1C.WIND-1 through 2.1C.WIND-4.

2.1C.WIND-2 • 2.1C.WIND-3 – Low Inertia Constraint • 2.1C.WIND-4 – No Inertia / No Integration 2.1C.WIND-1 • General model behaviour is that under lower wind and wind battery prices, the ultimate wind build out does not change but it does...

AI summary The analysis discusses the impact of wind energy integration on system inertia and stability, highlighting that significant wind penetration beyond current models requires further study. It also notes that reducing inertia constraints has limited effects and that lower wind and battery prices may lead to earlier wind build-out. These findings are part of the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) draft findings.

ssions in line with Nova Scotia’s Sustainable 1 Development Goals Act will require significant efforts from each sector of the economy, with the electricity sector playing a major role. Decarbonizing Nova Scotia Power’s electricity supply...

AI summary The text discusses the need for Nova Scotia Power to invest in a diverse portfolio of non- and low-emitting resources to decarbonize its electricity supply. It highlights the importance of firm capacity resources and the development of a Regional Integration Strategy to support coal unit retirements and improve interconnection reliability.

horizon. Flexibility (limitation of constraints on future decisions arising from the selection of Qualitative assessment of timing of investments a particular path) I R P U P D AT E D M O D E L I N G R E S U LT S – 2 0 2 0 - 0 9 - 1 8 5 No...

AI summary The text discusses the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) modeling results, including the replacement of coal capacity with new gas CCGT and CT units in the late 2030s, and the construction of a Reliability Tie that enables additional economic wind generation in 2035. The 25-year Net Present Value of Resource Requirements (NPVRR) is reported as $12,419 and $16,692 with end effects.

d Effects ($MM) $16,692 Essential Grid Services • Essential Grid Service requirements are met as modeled 10-yr NPVRR ($MM) $6,850 Resource Adequacy & PRM • Reliability Tie: 2035 • Regional Integration: n/a Average Annual Partial Rate Impac...

AI summary The document presents scenario metrics and evaluation related to the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) of Nova Scotia Power. It highlights essential grid services, resource adequacy, CO2 emissions, and the impact of natural gas prices on the plan's robustness and compliance with sustainability goals.

64 1.0C L O W E L E C . / B A S E D S M / C O M PA R AT O R E M I S S I O N S / R E G I O N A L I N T E G R AT I O N Scenario Metrics & Evaluation 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $12,190 General Notes • Incremental firm imports enable an economic coal u...

AI summary The document presents scenario metrics and evaluation data for a 25-year and 10-year Net Present Value of Resource Requirements (NPVRR) under different conditions, including coal unit retirements, reliability tie construction, and regional interconnection. It also includes CO2 emissions data and mentions non-compliance with Sustainable Development Goals Act.

9 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 118 of 264 2.0A LOW ELEC. / BASE DSM / NET ZERO 2050 / CURRENT LANDSCAPE 10 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 119 of 264 2.0A LOW ELEC. / BASE DSM / NET ZERO 2050 / CURR...

AI summary The document presents scenario metrics and evaluations from Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Final Report. It includes 25-year and 10-year Net Present Value of Resource Requirements (NPVRR), reliability tie construction in 2030, CO2 emissions projections, and considerations related to resource adequacy, plan robustness, and flexibility.

NGCC capacity in 2040s 2021-2045 (%) 1.0% Total CO2 Emissions 2021-2030 (MT) 44.5 Total CO2 Emissions 2031-2045 (MT) 33.2 Total CO2 Emissions 2021-2045 (MT) 77.7 11 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 120 of 264 2.0C L O W E...

AI summary The text presents data on NGCC capacity and CO2 emissions from 2021 to 2045, along with scenario metrics for the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) under the 2.0C scenario, including NPVRR values and grid reliability considerations.

Resource Adequacy & PRM 10-yr NPVRR ($MM) $6,820 • Reliability Tie: 2030 • Regional Integration: 2037 Plan Robustness & Flexibility Average Annual Partial Rate Impact • Regional Integration provides flexible ability to meet emissions const...

AI summary The document discusses resource adequacy and Peak Resource Management (PRM), including 10-year Net Present Value of Resource Requirements (NPVRR) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from 2021 to 2045. It references the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and mentions reliability tie and regional integration timelines.

otia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 123 of 264 2.1A MID ELEC. / BASE DSM / NET ZERO 2050 / CURRENT LANDSCAPE Scenario Metrics & Evaluation 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $13,353 General Notes • Reliability Tie built in 2031 enables wind integra...

AI summary The text discusses the Nova Scotia Power Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Final Report, focusing on scenario metrics and evaluation related to the 25-yr and 10-yr Net Present Value of Resource Requirements (NPVRR), reliability, resource adequacy, CO2 emissions, and grid services. Key factors include the impact of wind integration, gas capacity, and coal unit conversions.

127 of 264 2.1C M I D E L E C . / B A S E D S M / N E T Z E R O 2 0 5 0 / R E G I O N A L I N T E G R AT I O N Scenario Metrics & Evaluation 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $13,141 General Notes • Reliability Tie built in 2031 (earlier than previous run...

AI summary The document presents scenario metrics and evaluation data from Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Final Report. It includes 25-yr and 10-yr Net Present Value of Resource Requirements (NPVRR), CO2 emissions, and reliability tie timelines. The report highlights the impact of retiring coal units, wind integration, and regional integration on emissions and resource adequacy.

converted to gas in 2037 Essential Grid Services 10-yr NPVRR ($MM) $8,232 • Essential Grid Service requirements are met as modeled Resource Adequacy & PRM • Reliability Tie: 2030 Average Annual Partial Rate Impact • Regional Integration: n...

AI summary The document discusses the Essential Grid Services, Resource Adequacy & PRM, and Plan Robustness & Flexibility, highlighting the 10-year NPVRR, average annual partial rate impact, and CO2 emissions from 2021 to 2045. It outlines the reliance on natural gas and the limited ability to adjust supply sources.

age 131 of 264 2.2C H I G H E L E C . / B A S E D S M / N E T Z E R O 2 0 5 0 / R E G I O N A L I N T E G R AT I O N Scenario Metrics & Evaluation 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $15,380 General Notes • Reliability Tie & Regional Interconnection built i...

AI summary The text presents scenario metrics and evaluation data from Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Final Report, including Net Present Value of Resource Requirements (NPVRR), CO2 emissions, and key project timelines such as the Reliability Tie and Regional Interconnection built in 2031, as well as coal-to-gas conversions in 2037 and 2040.

24 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 133 of 264 3.1B MID ELEC. / BASE DSM / ACCEL. NET ZERO 2045 / DISTRIBUTED RESOUR CES Scenario Metrics & Evaluation 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $12,698 General Notes • DER is modeled as a load red...

AI summary The document presents scenario metrics and evaluations from Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Final Report, focusing on Distributed Energy Resources (DER), Mid-Electricity, Base Demand Side Management (DSM), and accelerated Net Zero 2045 goals. It includes 25-year and 10-year Net Present Value of Resource Requirements (NPVRR), CO2 emissions, and grid reliability considerations.

Integration provides flexible ability to meet emissions constraints Total CO2 Emissions 2021-2030 (MT) 35.8 Total CO2 Emissions 2031-2045 (MT) 8.8 Total CO2 Emissions 2021-2045 (MT) 44.7 25 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Pag...

AI summary The text discusses the integration of energy resources to meet emissions constraints, with specific CO2 emissions figures provided for different time periods. It also references the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and mentions scenarios related to mid-electricity, based DSM, accelerated Net Zero 2045, and regional integration.

264 3.1C M I D E L E C . / B A S E D S M / A C C E L . N E T Z E R O 2 0 4 5 / R E G I O N A L I N T E G R AT I O N Scenario Metrics & Evaluation 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $13,734 General Notes • 1 coal to gas conversion in 2030 • Regional Interco...

AI summary The text presents scenario metrics and evaluation data from an Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) by Nova Scotia Power, including Net Present Value of Resource Requirements (NPVRR), CO2 emissions, and details about energy resource deployment, such as coal-to-gas conversions, solar additions, and regional interconnection builds.

27 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 136 of 264 3.2B HIGH ELEC. / MAX DSM / ACCEL. NET ZERO 2045 / DISTRIBUTED RESOUR CES 28 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 137 of 264 3.2B HIGH ELEC. / MAX DSM / ACCEL....

AI summary The document presents scenario metrics and evaluation for Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) under a high electricity demand, maximum demand-side management (DSM), and accelerated Net Zero 2045 scenario. Key figures include a 25-year NPVRR of $15,045 million, CO2 emissions reductions, and reliability tie and regional integration plans.

Integration provides flexible ability to meet emissions constraints Total CO2 Emissions 2021-2030 (MT) 33.8 Total CO2 Emissions 2031-2045 (MT) 10.2 Total CO2 Emissions 2021-2045 (MT) 44.0 29 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Pa...

AI summary The text discusses the integration of energy systems to meet emissions constraints, highlighting total CO2 emissions from 2021 to 2045. It references the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and mentions the Net Zero by 2045 goal, as well as regional integration strategies.

SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS RESULTS Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 141 of 264 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OVERVIEW In addition to the Final Portfolio Study, a series of model sensitivities has been studied to understand how model out...

AI summary The sensitivity analysis results from Nova Scotia Power's IRP Final Report evaluate how different scenarios, such as varying levels of electrification, DSM, wind costs, and hydro retirement, impact model outputs. These scenarios help assess the effects of changes in key input parameters on the overall energy planning outcomes.

G R AT I O N New Installed Capacity Comparison (2045) 2.0C.DSM-4 MW 40 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 149 of 264 2.0C.DSM -4 (LOW DSM) L O W E L E C . / L O W D S M / N E T Z E R O 2 0 5 0 / R E G I O N A L I N T E G R...

AI summary This section of the Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K compares new installed capacity under the LOW DSM scenario, focusing on low electricity demand, low demand-side management, and regional integration efforts toward Net Zero by 2050.

676 $6,820 end effects are considered relative to 2.0C Base DSM indicating the solutions are very close economically Essential Grid Services Average Annual Partial Rate Impact • No change relative to 2.0C 2021-2030 (%) 0.3% 0.9% 2021-2045...

AI summary The text presents a comparison of CO2 emissions and grid services under different scenarios, including the 2.0C DSM-5 (Mid DSM) plan. It highlights minimal changes in reliability and grid services, with a focus on emissions reductions and the integration of regional resources by 2037.

Adequacy & PRM 2021-2030 (%) 1.8% 0.9% • Reliability Tie: 2034 2021-2045 (%) 1.2% 0.9% • Regional Integration: 2040 Total CO2 Emissions 2021-2030 (MT) 38.4 40.7 Plan Robustness & Flexibility Total CO2 Emissions 2031-2045 (MT) 23.7 24.3 • N...

AI summary The document discusses reliability targets and carbon emissions for Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) from 2021 to 2045, highlighting reliability tie timelines and CO2 emissions projections. It also references the MID DSM and Net Zero 2045 initiatives, along with regional integration efforts.

ree time periods Essential Grid Services 10-yr NPVRR ($MM) $7,524 $7,224 • No change relative to 3.1C Resource Adequacy & PRM • Reliability Tie: 2029 Average Annual Partial Rate Impact • Regional Integration: 2030 2021-2030 (%) 1.9% 1.4% 2...

AI summary The text presents data on essential grid services, resource adequacy, and carbon emissions under different scenarios. It includes NPVRR values, partial rate impacts, and CO2 emissions for the periods 2021-2030 and 2031-2045. The appendix also references a wind cost scenario and compares new installed capacity in 2045.

25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $12,978 $13,141 General Notes • Low wind price advances build of significant wind quantities from 2030 in base case to 2025; Reliability Tie is advanced as well to enable integration • Earlier build of Regional Interconne...

AI summary The document compares 25-year and 10-year Net Present Value of Resource Requirements (NPVRR) under different scenarios, highlighting the impact of earlier wind energy development, Regional Interconnection, and coal unit retirements on emissions and costs. It notes reduced CO2 emissions in the 2020s and minimal changes in 2045 resource plans.

Essential Grid Services 0.6% 0.7% • No change relative to 2.1C Resource Adequacy & PRM Total CO2 Emissions 2021-2030 (MT) 30.5 41.8 • Reliability Tie: 2025 Total CO2 Emissions 2031-2045 (MT) 26.1 29.1 • Regional Integration: 2026 Total CO2...

AI summary The text discusses essential grid services, resource adequacy, and PRM (Peak Resource Management) under the context of the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) from Nova Scotia Power. It outlines CO2 emissions projections and mentions considerations for flexibility in importing energy to balance increased wind capacity.

Scenario Metrics & Evaluation Sensitivity Base (2.1C) 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $13,086 $13,141 General Notes • In general, resource plan changes are similar to what is seen in 2.1C.WIND-1 sensitivity but more pronounced • Low wind and battery pri...

AI summary The document presents sensitivity analysis of 25-yr and 10-yr NPVRR under different scenarios, highlighting changes in resource plans, including increased wind energy, coal unit retirements, and reliability tie advancements. These changes influence CO2 emissions and partial rate impacts over time.

(%) 0.5% 0.6% • NPVRR is reduced relative to 3.1C in two of three metrics, slightly higher in 10-yr NPV due 2021-2045 (%) 0.6% 0.7% to advancement of investment Essential Grid Services Total CO2 Emissions 2021-2030 (MT) 26.8 41.8 • No chan...

AI summary The document discusses the impact of the 2.1C.WIND-3 scenario on CO2 emissions and resource adequacy, noting a reduction in NPVRR in some metrics and the need for further consideration of flexibility in import energy to balance increased wind capacity. It also highlights the importance of regional integration and reliability ties by 2023 and 2036.

Scenario Metrics & Evaluation Sensitivity Base (2.1C) 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $13,059 $13,141 General Notes • Inertia constraint is lowered from base of 3266 MW.sec to 2200 MW.sec in all hours • Slight change to wind profile build is observed: •...

AI summary The document presents sensitivity analysis of a 25-year and 10-year Net Present Value of Resource Requirements (NPVRR) under different scenarios, including changes to wind profile builds, inertia constraints, and the timing of infrastructure projects such as the Reliability Tie. The analysis also notes the impact of these changes on the overall resource plan optimization and cost differences.

overall resource plan optimization 2021-2030 (%) 0.5% 0.6% • Cost differences are small over all three NPV metrics 2021-2045 (%) 0.7% 0.7% Essential Grid Services • Current studies indicate that 2200MW.sec of online kinetic inertia is not...

AI summary The document discusses the optimization of the overall resource plan from 2021 to 2045, highlighting small cost differences across NPV metrics and concerns about grid stability, specifically the need for additional inertia and studies. It also outlines reliability ties and regional integration timelines and notes no change from the 2.1C plan.

A S E D S M / N E T Z E R O 2 0 5 0 / R E G I O N A L I N T E G R AT I O N New Installed Capacity Comparison (2045) 2.1C.WIND-4 MW 54 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 163 of 264 2.1C.WIND -4 (NO INERTIA / NO INTEGRATION)...

AI summary The document discusses a scenario involving wind energy installation capacity in Nova Scotia under the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and Net Zero 2050 goals, with a focus on regional integration and demand-side management strategies.

EGRATION) M I D E L E C . / B A S E D S M / N E T Z E R O 2 0 5 0 / R E G I O N A L I N T E G R AT I O N Scenario Metrics & Evaluation Sensitivity Base (2.1C) 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $13,076 $13,141 General Notes • Model builds more wind relativ...

AI summary The document presents scenario metrics and evaluations for a 25-year and 10-year Net Present Value of Resource Requirements (NPVRR) under the Mid Electricity / Based Demand Side Management / Net Zero 2050 / Regional Integration scenario. It highlights increased wind generation, coal-to-gas conversion, and higher curtailment impacts on NPV.

ment and replacement energy costs, NPVs incorporating MT/ST Production 10-yr NPVRR ($MM) $7,049 $7,067 Costs are not significantly lower than the base scenario 2.1C Essential Grid Services • This run is intended as a test case to understan...

AI summary The text discusses the financial and environmental impacts of different energy planning scenarios, highlighting that energy costs and CO2 emissions are higher in certain cases. It also explores the performance of the model under extreme conditions, such as no inertia and no wind integration, and emphasizes the importance of flexibility in resource planning.

llenging to operate under some conditions • The plan has retained flexibility of supply by adding the Regional Integration resource 55 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 164 of 264 2.1C.MERSEY (MERSEY HYDRO RETIRED) M I D E...

AI summary The document discusses the Mersey Hydro retired project under the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and highlights the inclusion of the Regional Integration resource to maintain supply flexibility. It includes a new installed capacity comparison for 2045.

Scenario Metrics & Evaluation Sensitivity Base (2.1C) 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $13,097 $13,141 General Notes • While the Mersey system was economically retained in the screening phase, this sensitivity was completed in order to understand how cap...

AI summary The document evaluates the financial and operational impacts of decommissioning the Mersey Hydro system, including the replacement of capacity and energy, changes in regional integration timelines, and the associated decommissioning costs. It also outlines the partial rate impact on the grid due to these changes.

studies for the 2021-2045 (%) 0.7% 0.7% Western region of Nova Scotia due to changes in essential grid service provision; cost of any mitigation not included in decommissioning NPV Total CO2 Emissions 2021-2030 (MT) 42.7 41.8 Resource Adeq...

AI summary The document discusses CO2 emissions projections for Nova Scotia Power from 2021 to 2045, highlighting total emissions and the impact of reliability tie and regional integration plans by 2030. It also includes a reference to new installed capacity comparisons for 2045 under the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP).

va Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 167 of 264 2.1C.IMPORT -1 (LIMITED NON -FIRM IMPORTS) M I D E L E C . / B A S E D S M / N E T Z E R O 2 0 5 0 / R E G I O N A L I N T E G R AT I O N Scenario Metrics & Evaluation Sensitivity...

AI summary The document presents financial and operational metrics for a scenario involving limited non-firm imports in Nova Scotia's integrated resource plan. It compares base and sensitivity cases, showing impacts on NPVRR, generation mix, and grid services.

• No change relative to 2.1C 2021-2030 (%) 0.9% 0.6% 2021-2045 (%) 0.7% 0.7% Resource Adequacy & PRM • Reliability Tie: 2024 Total CO2 Emissions 2021-2030 (MT) 43.5 41.8 • Regional Integration: 2026 Total CO2 Emissions 2031-2045 (MT) 35.1...

AI summary The text presents emission reduction targets and resource adequacy plans for Nova Scotia Power, including CO2 emissions reductions from 2021-2030 and 2031-2045, as well as key milestones such as the Reliability Tie in 2024 and Regional Integration in 2026. It also references a scenario evaluation under the Base (2.0A) sensitivity.

BASE DSM / NET ZERO 2050 / CURRENT LANDSCAPE Scenario Metrics & Evaluation Sensitivity Base (2.0A) 25-yr NPVRR ($MM) $12,628 $12,351 General Notes • Without the ability to build the Reliability Tie, wind is built via the local integration...

AI summary The text presents scenario metrics and evaluation for a Base DSM / Net Zero 2050 initiative. It highlights differences in 25-yr and 10-yr NPVRR, CO2 emissions, and grid services under the Base (2.0A) and a sensitivity scenario. The analysis notes higher costs and CO2 emissions in the sensitivity scenario, as well as the use of batteries and synchronous condensers for wind integration.

7,067 • Generation mix is generally unchanged from 2.1C on an annual basis • Costs are relatively close to 2.1C on all NPV metrics Essential Grid Services Average Annual Partial Rate Impact • No change from 2.1C 2021-2030 (%) 0.8% 0.6% 202...

AI summary The document provides a summary of generation mix, costs, and CO2 emissions comparisons between two scenarios. It also includes a letter from Nicole Godbout, Director of Regulatory Affairs at Nova Scotia Power Inc, regarding the IRP’s Draft Findings, Action Plan, and Roadmap.

alysis of intermittent wind should allow wind to be installed on an economic level, and accepting that on rare occasions it may be necessary to curtail wind output to ensure the system remains stable. As noted in AREA’s February 14 comment...

AI summary The Alternative Resource Energy Authority (AREA) emphasizes the importance of considering alternative, lower-cost financing models for wind energy in Nova Scotia’s electricity system transformation. They also express concerns about the integration of multiple market conditions into the 'low case' scenarios in NS Power’s Integrated Resource Plan (IRP). AREA awaits the Draft IRP report and plans to provide further comments.

of operating with lower inertia constraints, which are only tested for the 2.1C case. 3. Please provide discussion of the issues NS Power has evaluated in its model configuration decisions. Wind resources The sensitivities indicate that th...

AI summary The document discusses NS Power's evaluation of wind resource procurement, emphasizing that price is the primary driver for wind investment. It highlights the importance of conducting an all-source RFP to determine appropriate wind investment levels, with recommendations for up to 700 MW of wind by 2025, contingent on price and performance thresholds.

l of wind investment is to conduct an all-source RFP. 1 In addition to new wind, the RFP should also be open to repowered wind. 2 The results may affect the timing of the reliability tie. John D. Wilson and Paul Chernick • Resource Insight...

AI summary The text discusses the inclusion of repowered wind in an all-source RFP and highlights the importance of understanding battery storage's value for the system. It notes that battery capacity may drop in 2045 and requests an explanation, identifying resources that substitute for battery capacity and discussing implications for end effects calculations.

acity drops in 2045, identify the resources the model substitutes for battery capacity, and discuss implications of late- model treatment of battery storage in the end effects calculation. Transmission and system inertia The modeling raise...

AI summary The document raises concerns about the modeling of battery storage and system inertia in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), noting inconsistencies in how battery capacity and inertia impact the timing of the reliability intertie and regional integration. It also highlights sensitivity of the model to small changes in battery costs.

optimize a transition to a more adaptive resource mix, and that some of these interactions might be enabling higher retirements of “slow inertia” units. This concept is consistent with the model output from 2.1C.IMPORT-3: with the reliabil...

AI summary The document discusses the impact of the reliability intertie on inertia, unit retirement, and resource mix, including questions about inertia contributions from steam units, the role of the reliability intertie in enabling imports, and the implications for future resource planning and RFP processes.

Power should present more evidence and findings on this topic in its final report, or its action plan should set out a plan for investigating these issues further before investing in planning for the reliability intertie. Additional Findin...

AI summary The document highlights the need for NS Power to provide more evidence on solar generation in its IRP findings and to address questions regarding the impact of the COVID-19 recession on load. It also raises concerns about the assumptions made regarding the carbon emissions of imported power and the role of firm and non-firm imports in meeting carbon limits.

generation, including a summary of the modeling evidence in support of its findings and any constraints on the options that were evaluated that may suggest a need for further analysis. 5 Operating surpluses and inefficient dispatch In the...

AI summary The text discusses findings from Bates White audits regarding NSPI's operating surpluses and inefficient dispatch practices, which may increase costs to FAM customers. It also raises questions about the potential for improved hydro dispatch if operating reserves are maintained at target levels. Additionally, the importance of evaluating the continued operation of hydroelectric facilities in the IRP process is highlighted.

the Mersey Redevelopment project, with an anticipated total budget of $161 million, anticipated to be submitted later this year. 9 In the June 26, 2020 interim modeling results, NS Power shared initial analysis of system value provided by...

AI summary The text discusses the Mersey Redevelopment project with a $161 million budget and analyzes the economic implications of retaining or decommissioning the Mersey hydro asset. It highlights the potential long-term benefits of retaining Mersey, though questions remain about the accuracy of the end effects calculation and the timing of future redevelopment costs.

Action Plan All-source request for proposals The draft action plan’s resource procurement strategy should be significantly revised. NS Power suggests a wind procurement strategy and a plan for redevelopment or replacement of steam turbines...

AI summary The draft action plan’s resource procurement strategy needs revision, with NS Power suggesting wind procurement and replacing steam turbines with combustion turbines. RII recommends an all-source RFP process, using IRP models for bid evaluation. Transmission planning should proceed in parallel, with cost estimates for the reliability tie and regional interconnection considered in bid evaluations.

higher levels of electrification studied in the IRP, but that such programs have not yet been studied or costs developed. RII recommends that NS Power include in its action plan an “order of magnitude” estimate for the level of cost that m...

AI summary RII recommends that NS Power include an estimate of the cost customers might bear to promote electrification in its action plan. While increased electricity sales from electrification can reduce upward pressure on rates and help with carbon reductions, determining the exact investment needed to avoid rate increases is uncertain. Benefits beyond rate impacts, such as cost savings and carbon reduction, should also be considered.

Remaining Concerns about Assumptions ELCC for run-of-river hydro units In our memo of August 4, RII questioned the 95% ELCC for run-of-river hydro units. It is our understanding that this ELCC is based on DAFOR only, and that operational l...

AI summary The document raises concerns about the discrepancy between the estimated ELCC (Effective Load-Carrying Capacity) for run-of-river hydro units and their actual performance. It questions why the 95% ELCC estimate differs from observed capacity factors, and whether these units are being held for system reserves rather than being fully dispatched during peak hours.

the use of gas/oil steam and diesel CT dispatch? 26. Does Plexos reflect NS Power’s actual operating practice? Resolving the dispatch and reliability contribution of the small hydro units may not result in substantial changes to the modele...

AI summary The document discusses the dispatch and reliability contribution of small hydro units, including Wreck Cove, and their impact on the cost-effective operation of NS Power's system. It notes that Wreck Cove's limited daily water availability affects its dispatch during peak hours, which should be considered alongside DAFOR in determining ELCC and system planning reserve margin.

t the IRP is in draft form, CanREA offers the following comments on the September 2nd Updated Modeling Results Release, Draft Findings Release and September 10th Draft Findings Workshop presentation. Non-synchronous/Inverter-based Resource...

AI summary CanREA provides feedback on the draft Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and the integration of non-synchronous/inverter-based resources like wind, solar, and battery storage. It highlights the importance of assessing system stability and dynamic inertia constraints for high levels of wind energy integration in Nova Scotia.

ificant penetrations and determine whether additional dynamic system inertia constraints can enable this level of additional wind integration on the Nova Scotia system.” (Slide 47) CanREA observes that NSPI focuses on constraints to wind i...

AI summary CanREA argues that NSPI has not fully considered the frequency response capabilities of wind generation, such as fast frequency response (FFR), which can reduce the need for synchronous inertia. This is important as wind generation is highlighted in the IRP as a key resource for replacing coal-fired generation.

CanREA Memo September 18, 2020 Page 1 of 3 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 188 of 264 The IRP Draft Findings Presentation indicated that one of the “Key Plexos Model Updates” was to “Allow new wind generation to provide...

AI summary CanREA highlights that NSPI's IRP model only considers wind generation's ramp down reserve service, ignoring other critical ancillary services like frequency response, which are essential for integrating wind and battery resources. CanREA encourages NSPI to incorporate OERA findings to improve system reliability and reduce costs.

urces also creates an opportunity to operate at a reduced capacity to provide head room to offer ancillary services (e.g., the provision of primary frequency response) under some operating conditions. CanREA acknowledges that the September...

AI summary The text discusses the impact of inertia constraints on wind generation integration and the need for updated studies and stakeholder input to ensure system stability with high wind penetration. CanREA suggests involving experts or stakeholders in the process.

CanREA Memo September 18, 2020 Page 2 of 3 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 189 of 264 Resource Procurement One of sensitivities evaluated was a low wind price. This sensitivity advanced the “build of significant wind qua...

AI summary CanREA highlights the need for updated wind procurement strategies in Nova Scotia, noting significant cost reductions in wind energy and the importance of monitoring installed costs. It also critiques NSPI's modeling for not adequately considering wind generation's frequency response capabilities.

y by 2025 is likely to be low given the various issues identified with NSPI’s failure to fully consider in its modeling of the ability wind generation resources to provide frequency response services. CanREA recommends that one element of...

AI summary CanREA emphasizes the importance of establishing a procurement schedule for wind energy based on the IRP and suggests incorporating solar energy and energy storage in future integrated planning. They argue that this will help derisk project development and reduce costs for Nova Scotia consumers.

1. Nova Scotia’s Sustainable Development Goals Act is a significant milestone in the province’s climate plans, and actions adhering to these emission goals is a welcome scenario. The EAC supports the notion of a steep reduction in reducing...

AI summary The text discusses Nova Scotia's Sustainable Development Goals Act and the importance of studying zero-emission scenarios. It highlights the benefits of firm capacity imports and grid reliability improvements, while expressing concerns about the risks of relying on gas turbine infrastructure and natural gas purchases due to potential carbon emissions.

ions associated with upstream fugitive methane emissions. While not currently accounted for under this IRP process, there is a clear risk that at some point in time they will be included as regulators seek to achieve real emission reductio...

AI summary The text discusses the potential inclusion of upstream fugitive methane emissions in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) process, highlighting the environmental impact of natural gas compared to coal. It also emphasizes the benefits of an accelerated coal phase-out, including job creation and health benefits, while noting the initial higher costs associated with this approach.

tel. 902.429.2202 2705 Fern Lane, fax. 902.405.3716 Halifax, NS, B3K 4L3 analysis indicates that an accelerated phase-out would avoid 89 premature deaths, 8,000 asthma episodes and 58,000 days of breathing difficulty for Nova Scotians, amo...

AI summary The text discusses the benefits of an accelerated phase-out of coal by 2030, including reduced health impacts and environmental benefits. It also comments on the Draft Action Plan, supporting the development of a Regional Integration Strategy and the electrification of the grid to reduce carbon emissions and stabilize the power system.

tel. 902.429.2202 2705 Fern Lane, fax. 902.405.3716 Halifax, NS, B3K 4L3 According to the Rate impact Comparison (Select Scenarios), it is shown that High Electrification scenarios 2.2 C and 2.2 C S1 achieve lower rates as compared to sele...

AI summary The text discusses the benefits of electrification on rates, the decommissioning of thermal units, the need for a comprehensive coal unit retirement plan, and the importance of wind and battery storage for carbon neutrality. It also mentions the need for an evergreen IRP process to refine findings and action plans.

a Scotia Utility and Review Board 3rd Floor, 1601 Lower Water Street Halifax, Nova Scotia B3J 3S3 Via Email: [email protected] September 17, 2020 Re: M08929 – Integrated Resource Planning Dear Ms. Godbout and Ms. Fris: Envigour...

AI summary Envigour Policy Consulting Inc. acknowledges the comprehensive nature of the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) but highlights the rapidly evolving public policy and technology landscape, as well as gaps in the IRP's consideration of broader energy and climate change agendas, supply risks, and policy benefits of early decarbonization actions.

is the purview of the governments. Envigour Memo September 16, 2020 Page 1 of 3 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 206 of 264 We would also note that the IRP attracted more interest and participation from stakeholders than...

AI summary The document highlights the high level of stakeholder engagement in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) process, noting peak online participation. It emphasizes the need for clarity on maintaining the plan's relevance and suggests a structured pathway for future engagement, including regular workshops on clean technology and climate change.

and costs. The declining costs for technologies such as wind, solar, offshore wind and storage should be a particular focus. The workshop could also include cross-over fuels such as RNG and hydrogen. The first part of the workshop would be...

AI summary The text discusses the need for workshops focused on declining technology costs, including wind, solar, and storage, and their impact on the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP). It suggests involving stakeholders, commissioning papers, and organizing public-facing events managed by not-for-profit organizations. Regular workshops are recommended to update the IRP and engage the public on energy transformation.

Elisa Obermann, Executive Director of Marine Renewables Canada Via Email: [email protected] Greg Robart, CEO Smart Grid Innovation Network Via Email: [email protected] Envigour Memo September 16, 2020 Page 3 of 3 Nova Scotia Power IRP F...

AI summary Heritage Gas highlights the importance of natural gas for grid reliability and environmental goals in Nova Scotia's Integrated Resource Plan. The document discusses the reliance on natural gas and the continued operation of liquid-fueled combustion turbines for the next 25 years.

e identified in the final report to address the reliability issues identified by Bates White and the cost-effective utilization of existing infrastructure to meet the needs for additional CT capacity. Conversion of Coal-to-Gas As previousl...

AI summary The document discusses the need for coal-to-gas conversions at Trenton and Point Tupper Generating Stations to address reliability issues and meet additional CT capacity needs. It also highlights the importance of long-term natural gas transportation planning and the economic benefits of redevelopment of existing natural gas-powered steam turbines.

in this area: “Monitor the development of low/zero carbon fuels that could replace natural gas in powering generating units to provide firm, in-province capacity beyond 2050.”9 Recently the Offshore Energy Research Association (“OERA”), Li...

AI summary The text discusses the need to monitor low/zero carbon fuels to replace natural gas in generating units beyond 2050. It highlights the engagement of OERA, Liberty Utilities, Heritage Gas, and the provincial Department of Energy & Mines with Zen Energy Solutions to assess hydrogen's potential in Nova Scotia. The Action Plan should consider replacing liquid-fueled CTs with gas-fired CTs, include timelines for coal-to-gas conversions, and identify hydrogen as a means to meet GHG reduction targets.

 The Action Plan and Roadmap should specifically identify hydrogen as a means to assist the province in meeting the GHG reduction targets established in the SDGA. General Comments The assumptions and scenario modelling used in this IRP re...

AI summary The document highlights the need to identify hydrogen in the Action Plan and Roadmap to meet GHG reduction targets. It also discusses significant changes in the future electric sector in Nova Scotia, including the separation of capacity from energy, increased reliance on imports, and the need for new transmission and fast-acting generation.

ility-study-evaluate-hydrogen-production-storage-distribution-and-use September 18, 2020 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 213 of 264 Page 6 incremental to those available through the Maritime Link. To meet the lower carbo...

AI summary The document discusses the need for Nova Scotia's electrical grid to rely on firm dispatchable energy and investment in the NS-NB tie-line to meet lower carbon intensity goals. NSPI has not provided key assumptions about imports, such as costs or carbon intensity, and no commercial agreements are in place. Heritage Gas appreciates the opportunity to comment and supports continued collaboration.

ng duration energy storage technology is not and has note been given its due in the preferred portfolio solution into the future. We would like to continue to reiterate the following, that Hydrostor: • Be a cost-effective non-wire alternat...

AI summary The text argues that long-duration energy storage, particularly A-CAES, is a cost-effective and cleaner alternative to transmission and fossil fuel assets. It criticizes Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan for inaccurately modeling A-CAES capital costs, which may have led to its exclusion from the preferred resource portfolio.

. This was in effect, the mid 1 Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 215 of 264 point of our per KW cost estimates for a 200MW facility with a duration of 12 hours that we had previously provided to you. This was then compare...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power argues that comparing A-CAES with lithium-ion systems using a 200MW facility is not an apples-to-apples comparison. They highlight the cost advantages of A-CAES in long-duration applications, such as non-wires alternatives and integrating wind resources. They also note that lithium-ion systems would need significant cost reductions to match A-CAES in both 6-hour and 12-hour facilities.

their cost by a further 41%-70% in order to achieve cost parity. A-CAES is a Reliable Solution for Nova Scotia’s Needs Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage, uses equipment, construction techniques 1 1 We also note there was a conversion...

AI summary A-CAES (Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage) is presented as a reliable and cost-effective energy storage solution for Nova Scotia, offering long-term reliability, scalability, and lower per kWh costs compared to batteries. It utilizes proven oil and gas technology and benefits from global supply chains and performance guarantees.

options, and a service life of 50+ years that give it unique advantages over batteries and makes it the ideal storage solution for integrating Nova Scotia’s considerable wind resources into the grid. It is also important to note that since...

AI summary The text promotes A-CAES (Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage) as a viable energy storage solution for Nova Scotia, highlighting its advantages over batteries, its ability to provide grid inertia, and its potential to reduce costs by avoiding new transmission infrastructure. It notes that A-CAES has been successfully proposed in other regions and that Hydrostor has studied Nova Scotia’s geology as suitable for A-CAES.

ia Utility and Review Board 1601 Lower Water Street, 3rd Floor P.O. Box 1692, Unit “M” Halifax, NS B3J 3S3 -SENT VIA EMAIL- RE: 2020 Integrated Resource Plan Initial Modelling Review Dear Ms. Friis, Natural Forces Services Inc. welcomes th...

AI summary Natural Forces Services Inc. submits comments on the 2020 Integrated Resource Plan, highlighting discrepancies in NSPI's modeled wind energy costs and capacity factors. They suggest adopting procedures from other jurisdictions with significant wind resources to improve system stability and unlock savings for rate payers.

2020) • IRP Modeling Results Table (2020-09-02). Key observations are summarised in the Executive Summary below. Issues are discussed in more detail in sections 1 through 5. Executive Summary • A major transformation of the existing genera...

AI summary A major transformation of Nova Scotia’s generation resource base is required to meet carbon reduction goals, including integrating more intermittent renewable energy. Higher electrification scenarios are seen as beneficial for reducing electricity rates and supporting broader emissions policy objectives.

olicy goals, as it supports decarbonisation of other sectors (transport, heat). It is recommended that this point is emphasised strongly in the findings and is considered in NSP’s action plan. • Sensitivities with lower wind costs profound...

AI summary The text emphasizes the importance of wind energy in decarbonizing sectors like transport and heat, and highlights the need for further analysis on the impact of lower wind costs on the resource plan. It also criticizes NSP’s proposed wind procurement targets as being too low, suggesting higher capacities should be considered.

. Even before consideration of the “low wind cost” sensitivities, several scenarios, including those identified as resulting in lower electricity rates, have substantially higher wind volumes. • CO2 levels vary widely between scenarios. Th...

AI summary The analysis highlights that scenarios with lower electricity rates involve higher wind volumes and varying CO2 levels. Lower CO2 emissions are valued for risk mitigation and promoting electrification in other sectors. The document recommends further consideration of risk assessment to identify resilient scenarios, particularly those with higher renewables and lower emissions.

limits), or higher demand growth/electrification (potentially resulting in breaches of emissions limits). It is recommended that this type of analysis is considered further. [Refer section 4] • NSP’s continued adherence to allowing further...

AI summary The text criticizes NSP for its approach to integrating wind capacity with capital-intensive batteries and synch comps, suggesting it leads to higher costs for consumers. It recommends considering alternative analyses and adopting best practices used in other systems with high levels of intermittent renewable generation.

y, its reasons for not adopting what is best practice (and indeed increasingly standard practice) in other jurisdictions integrating higher levels of intermittent, non-synchronous renewables. 2 Page Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appen...

AI summary The text discusses the need for significant efforts to achieve carbon emissions reductions in line with Nova Scotia's Sustainable Development Goals Act, including the integration of higher volumes of intermittent, non-synchronous renewable energy resources. It highlights that similar transitions have been achieved in other jurisdictions and outlines the build-out rate of new wind capacity.

following graph: Additional Wind Capacity Build-out (initial cases) 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 2026 2041 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040

AI summary The graph illustrates the projected additional wind capacity build-out from 2021 to 2041, showing a gradual increase in capacity over time.

2039 2040 2042 2043 2044 2045 -200 1.0A 1.0C 2.0A 2.0C 2.1A 2.1B 2.1C 2.2A 2.2C 3.1B 3.1C 3.2B 3.2C Figure 1: Build-out of additional Wind Capacity in the initial Scenarios. As can be observed, several scenarios have approximately 200 MW o...

AI summary The document discusses NSP's proposed wind procurement strategy, aiming to add 0-100 MW of new wind capacity by 2025 and up to 350 MW by 2030. This strategy is linked to higher electrification, which NSP believes can help reduce electricity rates and support Nova Scotia’s emissions policy goals.

ight of the above, NSP’s proposed/draft action plan item 3(c) viz: “Initiate a wind procurement strategy, targeting 0-100 MW new installed capacity by 2025 and up to 350 MW by 2030” seems unduly limiting, particularly as regards the implie...

AI summary The proposed wind procurement strategy by NSP is criticized for its upper limit of 350 MW by 2030, as higher wind volumes in some scenarios could lead to lower electricity rates. The requirement for additional infrastructure like batteries or an AC intertie increases capital costs, potentially reducing wind installations.

uch as energy arbitrage) which will act to off-set the added capital costs. However approximations suggest it may be adding in the region of 5 to 10% to the effective cost of additional wind capacity. The continued insistence on the part o...

AI summary The text discusses the impact of battery and wind capacity costs on the build-out plan for wind energy in Nova Scotia. It suggests that lower wind and battery costs significantly alter the resource build-out plan, leading to a more extensive deployment of wind capacity compared to higher cost scenarios. The analysis also criticizes NSP's approach for potentially increasing costs to consumers.

plan, even compared to the “original” scenarios with higher wind build-out (such as Case 3.1C). Much larger 1 Cases “2.1C WIND 1 (Low Wind Cost)” and “2.1C WIND 2 (Low Wind and Battery Cost)” 4 Page Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appen...

AI summary The text discusses the impact of lower wind costs on the timing of wind capacity deployment in Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), noting that significantly lower wind costs ($1,500/kW) lead to earlier and larger wind capacity additions. It also highlights the potential benefit of disassociating battery costs from wind projects and mentions unmonetized CO2 reduction benefits from higher wind build-out scenarios.

isassociating the battery requirements. There are also benefits (not currently monetised) from reduced CO2 submissions in the cases with higher wind build-out. This is discussed further in section 4. In summary, the findings from the “low...

AI summary The text discusses variations in CO2 emissions across different scenarios, with 'low wind cost' scenarios showing significantly lower emissions compared to the base case. It also highlights the importance of further analysis on the transition price point for wind capacity and recommends dissociating battery and synch comp costs from wind capacity to encourage more wind build-out.

Ltd. CO2 emissions 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 2025 2021 2022 2023 2024 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 2.1C 2.1C.WIND-1 (Low Wind Cost) 2.1C.WIND-2 (Low Wind & Batter...

AI summary The text discusses CO2 emissions projections for different scenarios, noting that the benefits of lower emissions are not currently monetized in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) modelling approach. It references a European approach where such benefits are directly monetized.

ue of lower CO2 levels, including in relation to overall emissions policy goals. Also even if not directly monetizable, there is a definite value in lower CO2 scenarios as a risk mitigation strategy: • In a scenario where CO2 is “only just...

AI summary The text discusses the value of lower CO2 levels in electricity generation as a risk mitigation strategy, highlighting how lower carbon intensity can support emissions reduction goals and promote electrification, which may lead to lower electricity rates. It also outlines NSP's approach to identifying common actions across scenarios in its draft action plan.

point here. 4. Consideration of Risk NSP has aimed at identifying certain actions which are generally common to all or most scenarios, and has proposed these within its initial draft action plan. A common approach is also to look for scena...

AI summary The document discusses the consideration of risk in the context of Nova Scotia Power's (NSP) action plan, emphasizing the importance of identifying low-regret scenarios that perform well across various future conditions. It also addresses the continuation of associating battery and synch comp costs with additional wind capacity, with NSP limiting wind capacity to 700 MW unless accompanied by capital-intensive batteries.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 226 of 264 Cooke Energy and Utility Consulting Ltd. comps, or the 2nd AC intertie. This has been discussed at length before, and NSP’s adherence to this position is quite frankly, rather b...

AI summary The text discusses Nova Scotia Power's (NSP) position on managing wind output during system instability, arguing that curtailing wind output during rare extreme conditions is a standard practice in systems with high intermittent renewable resources. It also notes that stressed system cases from the Power System Stability Study are unlikely to occur based on 2019 data.

ons and discussions on this point, this is a secondary issue. The key point is that if the conditions do occur, they can be managed by simply curtailing the wind output to an appropriate, safe, level. The precise extent to which wind capac...

AI summary The text discusses the management of wind capacity curtailment to ensure system stability, noting that associating battery costs with wind integration may lead to higher electricity costs for consumers. It also references a study prepared by PSC North America for Nova Scotia Power Inc.

179164 September 18, 2020 2. Flexibility In contrast to prior IRPs (which specifically sought to develop a long-term “Preferred Resource Plan” from among a set of candidate resource plans), the 2020 IRP results provide a comparison of vari...

AI summary The 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) emphasizes flexibility in resource planning due to uncertainty in future electric load growth and the need to accommodate changes in technology and government policy. This approach allows NS Power to make informed long-term decisions regarding coal retirements, new capacity additions, and renewable energy generation, while also considering regional integration efforts.

sources. The IRP analysis relied on conclusions of the 2019 PSC study, but NSP has acknowledged that additional analysis will be needed to more fully understand the inertia requirements in the future. The draft Finding #2 acknowledges this...

AI summary The analysis of the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) relies on the 2019 PSC study, but Nova Scotia Power (NSP) acknowledges that further analysis is needed to understand future inertia requirements. The draft Finding and Roadmap highlight the need for additional system stability studies, particularly regarding wind integration and potential contributions from wind projects to system inertia.

Category Participant Comment NSP Response / Consideration for Final Report Wind CA Either battery storage or operational practices would have some impact on the economics NS Power agrees that the modeling indicates that the low wind pricin...

AI summary The discussion addresses the impact of wind pricing versus reliability inertia on wind procurement decisions, noting that lower wind pricing has a larger influence. NS Power agrees with the modeling results and has updated the IRP Roadmap and Action Plan to include soliciting Nova Scotia-based market information for wind procurement.

tivities”. The IRP scope does not include findings or recommendations on specific procurement the appropriate level of wind investment is to conduct an all-source RFP. approaches. The draft action plan’s resource procurement strategy shoul...

AI summary The text discusses the need to revise the draft action plan's resource procurement strategy, emphasizing the importance of an all-source RFP for determining the appropriate level of wind investment. NS Power suggests a wind procurement strategy and redevelopment of steam turbines, while noting uncertainties related to wind and battery costs affecting procurement timelines and sizes.

Reliability Tie. and size of near-term CT procurements. RII recommends that the draft action plan be revised to pursue an all-source Wind, reliability tie and regional integration decisions should be co-optimized. It should be recognized t...

AI summary The text discusses the need to revise a draft action plan to pursue an all-source approach, emphasizing the co-optimization of wind, reliability tie, and regional integration decisions. It notes that high levels of wind resources dependent on the reliability tie can be managed with temporary operating constraints if there are schedule delays.

(21) Planning for transmission should proceed in parallel to an all-source RFP. Cost estimates for completion of the reliability tie for different in-service dates (several options, covering the range from the earliest feasible date to 203...

AI summary The document discusses the planning of transmission projects in parallel with all-source RFPs, emphasizing the need for cost estimates across various in-service dates. It also highlights a trade-off between imported power and battery resources, noting that the absence of a reliability tie may lead to higher procurement of batteries and synchronous condensers.

resources. NS Power interprets the additional battery storage seen in this not have explored fully. As was discussed on a call with NS Power, the model did not value sensitivity as a method of wind integration in the absence of the Reliabi...

AI summary NS Power discusses the role of battery storage in wind integration and coal retirement, noting that the model did not fully account for advanced battery applications like synthetic inertia. The inclusion of gas and battery capacity enables earlier coal retirement but increases overall costs compared to the base scenario.

Category Participant Comment NSP Response / Consideration for Final Report Wind sensitivity CA We see extraordinary sensitivity to relatively modest drivers. For example, lowering the From a reliability perspective, NS Power has modeled th...

AI summary The comment highlights the sensitivity of wind integration to factors like battery costs and the impact of the reliability tie on system inertia. NS Power explains that the model considers reliability through the reliability tie and PRM, and that steam unit constraints influence the transition to a more adaptive resource mix.

ies the inertia values by unit that on retirement pace for this reason. More broadly, as the system transitions to a resource mix with more NS Power provided previously. Does “slow inertia” refer to the long start-up times of steam variabl...

AI summary The text discusses the impact of transitioning to a resource mix with more variable generation on system inertia and the role of the reliability tie in providing inertia and enabling wind integration. It also explores the relationship between unit commitment costs and the pace of resource transition.

on varying assumptions about the completion date for a reliability intertie. quickly as possible and inform future resource procurement and development activities. NS Power has committed to further develop its Regional Integration Strategy...

AI summary The text discusses NS Power's Regional Integration Strategy and the role of firm and non-firm imports in meeting carbon emission limits. It questions whether the IRP model's preference for wind over solar is solely due to this factor and raises concerns about the emissions profile of imports from non-Canadian markets.

(12) Are the import prices based on the costs of renewables in other provinces? Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiatives (RGGI), consistent with QRV guidelines. November 6, 2020 Results / Roadmap / Action Plan Stakeholder Comments Matrix Page 4...

AI summary The document discusses whether imported power with significant carbon emissions would make solar a more attractive option. It mentions that pricing for energy and capacity is based on forecasts from Platts Analytics and NEPOOL prices, and that solar's emissions-free profile is considered in the optimization process.

The Capacity Study, completed as part of the pre-IRP deliverables, provides detail on the modeling of hydro in that study. Other than Wreck Cove, which was modeled as an energy-limited resource with daily In our memo of August 4, RII quest...

AI summary The Capacity Study discusses the modeling of hydro resources, particularly run-of-river hydro units, and questions the 95% ELCC assigned to them. It highlights discrepancies between estimated ELCC and actual capacity factors during peak hours, suggesting that operational limitations and water flow may impact these figures.

some years, or limited water flow limits the number of hours for which the dispatchable • Maximum monthly generation constraints, to reflect average historical water inflows units can operate. Especially if water supply is limited, these u...

AI summary The text raises questions about the discrepancy between the claimed ELCC and actual performance of small hydro units, and challenges the economic rationale for holding these units for system reserves rather than fully dispatching them during peak hours.

the actual dispatch patterns observed in historical data, subject to the notes above. Wreck Cove CA During NS Power’s long winter peaks, Wreck Cove may not be able to operate at full load This was considered in the original Capacity Study...

AI summary The text discusses the limitations of Wreck Cove's operation during peak winter periods and how this affects its contribution to system reliability. It also mentions updates to the Plexos model by NS Power regarding sustaining capital costs for coal units, including adjustments based on utilization observed in the Initial Portfolio Study.

Wind/inertia/FFR CanREA CanREA observes that NSPI focuses on constraints to wind integration, questioning whether NS Power’s Action Plan includes completing further system stability studies to determine whether “additional dynamic system i...

AI summary CanREA highlights that NS Power's Action Plan may not fully consider the frequency response capabilities of wind generation, such as Fast Frequency Response (FFR), which can reduce the need for synchronous inertia. NS Power conducted sensitivities to assess the impact of reduced inertia on resource expansion plans.

would change with reduced needs for synchronous inertia. These sensitivities indicated that the wind provision by wind turbines on requirements for system inertia in Nova Scotia, but as the expansion profile was not particularly sensitive...

AI summary The text discusses the impact of wind generation on system inertia and ancillary services in Nova Scotia. It highlights that wind turbines can provide ramp down reserve service and that the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) identifies wind as a key renewable resource for replacing coal. The PLEXOS model is used to optimize resource plans with ancillary service constraints.

providing. By focusing on just this ancillary service NSPI failed to consider the range of service. Batteries contribute to all types of reserve including regulation (raising and lowering), spinning ancillary services that are critical to...

AI summary The text discusses the importance of ancillary services, particularly frequency response and ramp down services, in enabling the integration of wind generation in Nova Scotia. It highlights the limitations of the PLEXOS framework in assessing transient system stability and FFR, which are critical for grid reliability.

services that allow NSPI to dispatch off thermal generating units and rely on the fast absence is not expected to have an impact on coal retirement decisions. However, if FFR services are frequency response capability that wind generators...

AI summary The text discusses the potential of wind, solar, and battery resources to provide ancillary services such as fast frequency response (FFR), which can enhance system reliability and reduce costs. NS Power is committed to further studies on system stability and the integration of these resources into the grid.

operate at a reduced capacity to provide headroom to offer ancillary services (e.g., the provision of primary frequency response) under some operating conditions. Wind/inertia/FFR CanREA Sensitivities (2.1C.WIND-3 (LOW INERTIA CONSTRAINT))...

AI summary The text discusses the impact of wind energy integration on system inertia and the need for further studies to understand the implications of increased wind penetration. It also highlights the importance of regional integration and stakeholder input in updating studies and modeling assumptions.

Integration is critical to unlocking the potential of wind energy and CanREA NS Power acknowledges these comments and has indicated in its IRP Action Plan that work on the encourages NSPI to accelerate this element of its Action Plan. Reli...

AI summary CanREA emphasizes the importance of integrating wind energy and recommends that NS Power provide an indicative schedule of future wind procurements based on the IRP results. NS Power acknowledges these comments and agrees to accelerate work on the Reliability Tie and Regional Interconnection following the IRP process.

response services. CanREA recommends NSP provide an indicative schedule of future wind procurements based on the results of the IRP.

AI summary CanREA recommends that NSP provide an indicative schedule of future wind procurements based on the results of the Integrated Resource Plan.

We understand that such may need to be modified as additional information becomes available on load growth, technology costs, integration analyses. Nonetheless, establishing such a procurement schedule will signal to the development commun...

AI summary The text discusses the importance of establishing a procurement schedule to signal future activity and encourage investment in project development. It also mentions the inclusion of solar energy and energy storage in future integrated planning and the need for the 2020 IRP Report to define a Preferred Resource Plan.

report should include a qualitative assessment of how higher levels of DSM could provide increased ratepayer value with higher levels of electrification. Capital risk E1 Quantification of risks associated with capital investments outside o...

AI summary The report discusses the need to assess how higher levels of Demand-Side Management (DSM) could provide increased ratepayer value with higher electrification. It also requests a quantitative analysis of risks associated with large capital investments such as regional interties and non-firm imports.

Natural Gas pricing E1 When developing a plan for assumptions that would require a firm gas supply, NS Power’s analysis (6) Provide an assessment of risk in Natural Gas pricing assumptions within the Findings risk indicated that volumes th...

AI summary The document discusses Natural Gas pricing assumptions within the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), highlighting risks related to gas supply from AGT. EfficiencyOne recommended including a proxy for new gas supply with sensitivity analysis for AGT prices. NS Power evaluated gas supply options based on firm access requirements for new units during winter peaks.

Zero emissions EAC NS Power developed several emissions profiles in consultation with stakeholders during the Assumptions While scenarios have comprehensively studied emissions reaching between 0.5 Mt and phase of the IRP, two of which inc...

AI summary NS Power developed emissions profiles during the IRP assumptions phase, aiming for 87%-95% GHG emission reductions by 2045. The EAC raised concerns about the absence of a zero-emissions scenario in the study. NS Power acknowledges the need for further analysis to achieve 100% reduction as technologies and policies evolve.

emissions to align with net-zero carbon scenario. Therefore, it would be prudent to have a future-proof plan ready for deployment. Transmission EAC Access to firm capacity imports from the Maritime provinces and Quebec would be highly NS P...

AI summary The text discusses the importance of aligning emissions with a net-zero carbon scenario and the need for a future-proof plan. It also highlights the role of wind energy and the potential benefits of firm capacity imports from the Maritime provinces and Quebec. NS Power acknowledges the value of the Reliability Tie and the integration of renewable energy sources.

ould be economic in the future, as suggested; however, further analysis would be required (e.g. reliability, self sufficiency, policy certainty, etc.). Natural Gas EAC The North American natural gas supply has additional emissions associat...

AI summary The document discusses the environmental impact of natural gas, particularly fugitive methane emissions, and notes that NS Power does not currently account for these emissions in its IRP process. If regulations change, planned natural gas units may be re-evaluated, and NS Power is considering low and zero carbon alternatives.

s, among other benefits. An accelerated phase-out of coal by 2030 would be a favorable long-term strategy for the province and its peoples. Regional Integration EAC NS Power agrees. The optimization model does consider both the economic op...

AI summary The EAC supports Nova Scotia Power's Regional Integration Strategy and accelerated coal phase-out by 2030. NS Power agrees but emphasizes that the IRP did not quantify benefits beyond the electricity sector. Electrification is acknowledged as a key enabler of decarbonization.

carbon intensive fuels. economy-wide decarbonization in support of provincial goals and targets. Draft Action Plan statement 2 and Finding 1 b) are significant and would stand to benefit from stronger advocacy: “Increased electricity sales...

AI summary The text discusses the potential benefits of increased electricity sales due to electrification, including reducing upward pressure on electricity rates and supporting carbon reductions in other sectors. It also references a Draft Action Plan and Finding related to economy-wide decarbonization efforts.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 251 of 264 According to the Rate impact Comparison (Select Scenarios), it is shown that High Electrification scenarios 2.2 C and 2.2 C S1 achieve lower rates as compared to select Low and...

AI summary The document discusses the rate impact of electrification scenarios, showing lower rates in high electrification scenarios. It also highlights the need for decommissioning Trenton 5 and preparing for the retirement of coal units, including regulatory approval processes.

NS Power’s capacity expansion optimization software co-optimizes wind and storage. It appears that Wind addition to the system is essential, but it would be necessary to consider a higher battery storage’s ability to substitute for firm ca...

AI summary NS Power uses software to co-optimize wind and battery storage for capacity expansion. However, battery storage in Nova Scotia is limited by short duration and wind variability. NS Power plans to monitor new storage technologies to support coal generation retirement and seeks examples of successful implementations elsewhere.

red fast assets. NS Power welcomes more specific examples of successful wind and battery integration at non- acting peakers would reveal that battery storage would be the right direction to proceed significant cost. in terms of reaching ca...

AI summary NS Power discusses the need for battery storage in achieving carbon neutrality and mentions the regulatory framework's consideration of upstream methane emissions. It also notes the limited capacity of organizations like the EAC to participate due to funding and process limitations in the 2020 IRP.

informed by expert views on trends for electricity technologies and costs. and looks for opportunities to participate where appropriate. Renewables)

AI summary The text discusses participation in renewable energy opportunities, informed by expert views on electricity technology trends and costs.

natural gas-powered steam turbines to provide low-cost, fast-acting generating capacity to the Nova Scotia system.” Coal to Gas Heritage In the Modelling Results, the long-term resource changes emphasize additional natural gas NS Power has...

AI summary The document discusses the transition from coal to natural gas in Nova Scotia's electricity system, highlighting natural gas as a key resource for both near and long-term electricity generation. NS Power has provided various natural gas pricing options to the model, including firm long-term agreements and spot market pricing for coal-to-gas conversions.

ion. emissions in the province in order to meet the SDGA net-zero 2050 target. NS Power will continue to monitor new technologies that can contribute to firm capacity and energy // production for the Nova Scotia system, and has included co...

AI summary NS Power is exploring hydrogen's potential in meeting Nova Scotia's net-zero 2050 target, as outlined in the SDGA. The Action Plan should consider replacing liquid-fueled CTs with gas-fired CTs for cost-effective firm capacity. The Offshore Energy Research Association and other stakeholders are involved in hydrogen research.

• The Action Plan and Roadmap should specifically identify hydrogen as a means to assist NS Power will continue to monitor new technologies that can contribute to firm capacity and energy the province in meeting the GHG reduction targets e...

AI summary The document discusses the importance of hydrogen in meeting GHG reduction targets under the SDGA and mentions NS Power's consideration of low/zero carbon fuels in the redevelopment of natural gas-powered steam turbines. It also highlights changes in the IRP, including the separation of capacity from energy and a potential focus on electricity growth.

in Nova Scotia. These fundamental changes include for the first time a general future separation of capacity from energy, a potential focus on electricity growth versus NS Power has identified as an Action Plan item the development of a Re...

AI summary The document outlines fundamental changes in Nova Scotia's energy landscape, including the separation of capacity from energy, increased focus on electricity growth, development of a Regional Integration Strategy following the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), and the need for significant regional transmission and fast-acting generation to support renewable development and peak response.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 254 of 264 available through the Maritime Link. To meet the lower carbon intensities for electrical generation in the low to high electrification scenarios highlighted in the Draft Finding...

AI summary The IRP Final Report discusses the need for Nova Scotia's grid to rely on firm dispatchable energy and NS-NB tie line investment to meet lower carbon intensity goals. However, NSPI has not provided key assumptions related to these imports, including costs or carbon intensity, and no commercial agreements are in place.

ith these imports including costs or carbon intensity and they have indicated that there are no commercial agreements in place to underpin the incremental imports.

AI summary The text discusses imports, noting the absence of commercial agreements to support incremental imports, and mentions considerations such as costs and carbon intensity.

given its due in the preferred portfolio solution into the future. … Nova Scotia Power has portfolios are an output of the capacity expansion model and are not produced manually by NS Power. instead opted for a portfolio that calls for new...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power has opted for a portfolio that includes new transmission and fossil fuel assets to meet balancing and peaking requirements. Hydrostor is presented as a cost-effective non-wire alternative solution for transmission. The document also mentions the potential use of clean synchronous generation capacity to advance coal retirements.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 255 of 264 Our concern is that this was not an apples-to-apples comparison as it accounts for the wind integration vs. more predictable solar generation cycles seen in other jurisdictions...

AI summary The concern is that the comparison between wind integration and solar generation cycles is not equitable, as it does not account for the additional value and economies of scale of larger A-CAES facilities. A 500 MW facility with a 4-hour duration is suggested as a more fair comparison to a 4-hour lithium-ion system.

However, A-CAES’s cost advantage is most apparent in the long-duration market where it can act as a non-wires alternative to traditional transmission for improving reliability or as a solution for integrating and time-shifting Nova Scotia’...

AI summary The document discusses the cost advantages of A-CAES technology in long-duration energy storage compared to lithium-ion systems, particularly in improving grid reliability and integrating wind resources. It also mentions NS Power's modeling of wind project costs and capacity factors based on public data.

This does lead us to believe that more wind now is the answer, and that the way to unlock these saving for the rate payers and the utility is to look to other jurisdictions that have large wind resources in use and adopt some of their oper...

AI summary The text discusses the need for a major transformation of Nova Scotia's generation resource base to integrate higher volumes of intermittent renewable energy, particularly wind. NS Power agrees with the need for significant carbon emissions reductions aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals Act and references successful transitions in other jurisdictions.

s in those years, including plans 2.0C (0 MW 2026 / 400 jurisdictions. MW 2030) and 2.1C (112 MW 2026 / 362 MW 2030). It is helpful that that there is a significant degree of commonality in the main “building As noted, higher levels of ele...

AI summary The document discusses various energy scenarios, focusing on the deployment of wind capacity and the retirement of coal-fired units. Scenarios like 2.0C and 2.1C outline different levels of wind generation by 2026 and 2030. Higher electrification and earlier coal retirement dates correlate with increased wind capacity. NS Power’s IRP Roadmap includes monitoring items to adjust resource strategies as needed.

to 800 MW by 2029/2030. The higher wind capacities are generally arising in the cases based on higher electrification, as might be expected. November 6, 2020 Results / Roadmap / Action Plan Stakeholder Comments Matrix Page 20 of 29 Nova Sc...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power (NSP) has identified that higher electrification can reduce electricity rates and support Nova Scotia’s emissions policy goals, with wind capacity expected to increase to 800 MW by 2029/2030.

In light of the above, NSP’s proposed/draft action plan item 3(c) viz: “Initiate a wind procurement strategy, targeting 0-100 MW new installed capacity by 2025 and up to 350 MW by 2030” seems unduly limiting, particularly as regards the im...

AI summary The text argues that NSP's proposed wind procurement strategy with an upper limit of 350 MW by 2030 is too restrictive, as scenarios with higher wind capacity can lead to lower electricity rates. Additional integration requirements, such as batteries or synchronized inertia, are seen as unnecessary and increase capital costs, potentially limiting wind installation.

be precise about the level of additional costs being imposed through this requirement as the subscribe the 100 MW of wind that the model was able to add without the integration requirements batteries will bring some other benefits (such as...

AI summary The text discusses the impact of integration requirements on wind capacity costs, noting that while batteries may offset some costs through energy arbitrage, additional costs of 5 to 10% may be imposed. These costs are not significantly affecting the near-term Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Action Plan.

to 10% to the effective cost of additional wind capacity. resource plan in the near term (i.e. within the five-year IRP Action Plan timeframe).

AI summary The text discusses adjusting the cost of additional wind capacity to 10% and mentions the need for an updated resource plan within the five-year Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Action Plan timeframe.

The continued insistence on the part of NSP to adhere to this position is rather baffling. The precise extent to which wind capacity is being “held back” due to this approach is difficult to quantify (though of course it could be assessed...

AI summary NSP's approach to wind capacity may lead to higher electricity costs for consumers compared to standard practices in other power systems. Electrification scenarios are seen as beneficial for lowering rates and supporting emissions goals, with NSP including an Electrification Strategy in its IRP Action Plan.

n Plan (Action Plan Item 2). as it supports decarbonisation of other sectors (transport, heat). It is recommended that this point is emphasised strongly in the findings and is considered in NSP’s action plan. Wind (additional Natural Sensi...

AI summary The document highlights the impact of lower wind costs on the resource plan, suggesting that significantly more wind capacity (around 600 MW) may be added by 2023–2025. This would lead to lower CO2 emissions and requires further analysis to understand the transition price points. The findings should emphasize the role of wind in decarbonizing other sectors.

Much larger quantities of wind capacity (c. 600 MW) are being added by 2025, and even earlier in Case “2.1C WIND-2“ which also has lower battery costs. Given that this has such a fundamental impact, coupled with the fact that lower wind co...

AI summary The text discusses the potential impact of lower wind costs on the timing of wind capacity deployment, emphasizing the need for further investigation. It also highlights the unnecessary association between battery costs and increased wind capacity until the 2nd AC intertie is established, suggesting that disassociating battery requirements could reduce the wind cost needed for a more rapid build-out plan.

through a combination of lower wind capital costs and savings from disassociating the battery requirements. // In summary, the findings from the “low wind cost” scenarios are much too significant to ignore, and it is of critical importance...

AI summary The text highlights the significance of findings from 'low wind cost' scenarios, emphasizing the need for further analysis to understand transition price points. It also recommends discontinuing the association of battery and synch comp costs with additional wind capacity in these scenarios.

hat the association of battery and synch comp costs with additional wind capacity, is discontinued for these (as well as other) scenarios.

AI summary The text discusses the discontinuation of associating battery and synch comp costs with additional wind capacity in certain scenarios, indicating a shift in cost allocation strategies.

Wind Natural The suggested build out rate for wind in NSP’s initial draft action plan, is understated. Please see the response above. Forces (Andrew NSP’s proposed/draft action plan item 3(c) states: “Initiate a wind procurement strategy,...

AI summary The text discusses concerns regarding the understated wind build-out rate in NSP’s draft action plan and highlights the variability in CO2 levels across different scenarios. It notes that NS Power has not monetized GHG emission reductions in the IRP model.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix K Page 258 of 264 b) as can be observed from experience in other jurisdictions, lower carbon intensity of the electricity sector (lower CO2/MWh) promotes electrification of other sectors (heat, N...

AI summary Nova Scotia Power acknowledges the interest in lower emission electricity and highlights the benefits of lower carbon intensity in the electricity sector, including promoting electrification in other sectors and reducing electricity rates. The benefits of reduced CO2 emissions are not currently monetized in the IRP modelling approach, though they may be in other jurisdictions like Europe.

It can also be observed from experience in other jurisdictions, that the lower the carbon intensity (CO2/MWh) of the electricity sector, the more it becomes a “strategy of choice” for other sectors (transport, heat) to achieve their emissi...

AI summary The text discusses the importance of lowering the carbon intensity of Nova Scotia's electricity sector to support emissions reduction in other sectors and promote electrification, which can lead to lower electricity rates. It also highlights the need for risk assessment in developing an Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) based on low-cost scenarios that consider various future sensitivities.

such as high fossil fuel costs, high emission costs (or tightening of emissions limits), or higher demand growth/electrification (potentially resulting in breaches of emissions limits). It is recommended that this type of analysis is consi...

AI summary The text discusses the importance of considering scenarios with high renewable energy and low CO2 emissions as 'low regret' strategies, which perform well across various future conditions such as high fossil fuel costs, emission costs, and demand growth. These scenarios are seen as more resilient to potential variables.

Preserving such flexibility will also enable NS Power to consider any subsequent changes in technology and/or government policy, as well as the results of ongoing costing analysis of generation and transmission options. These items will im...

AI summary The text discusses the importance of flexibility in NS Power's long-term planning, considering technological and policy changes, as well as the impact of electrification on future rates. It highlights the use of IRP partial revenue requirements to model rate impacts and the value of comparing different electrification scenarios.

alyses. System Inertia SBA / The draft Finding #2 acknowledges this, noting that “Further work is required to assess NS Power has identified future work related to wind stability studies at higher penetrations in the Daymark system stabili...

AI summary The document discusses NS Power's ongoing work to assess system stability and inertia constraints related to higher wind energy penetration in Nova Scotia. It references studies and sensitivity analyses conducted to evaluate the impact of wind integration on system reliability and the Reliability Tie.

nt services on certain generators (e.g. wind) are found to reduce the synchronous inertia constraint, the resources to address these needs (conventional generators, the Reliability Tie, Maritime economics of building more variable renewabl...

AI summary The document discusses the need to address reliability challenges due to reduced synchronous inertia from wind generators, suggesting solutions such as conventional generators, the Reliability Tie, and load resources. NS Power is committed to studying these issues and has incorporated these considerations into its Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Action Plan. Coordination with New Brunswick and supply availability are emphasized for the Reliability Tie and Regional Integration.

with this. NS Power views the addition of a Reliability Screening Wolfville Power’s reliability target. Reliable and predictable access to electricity is vitally important to phase to this IRP process as positive. Nova Scotians and will be...

AI summary NS Power supports the addition of a Reliability Screening phase to the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) process, emphasizing the importance of reliable electricity access as electrification efforts expand. The Town of Wolfville appreciates the consideration of accelerated coal phase-out scenarios in the IRP, noting that health impacts of pollution are not directly addressed in the IRP scope but are indirectly reflected through emissions reduction data. The Town also highlights the economic inequities associated with high DER adoption by 2040.

ic implications NS Power Acknowledges these points. Wolfville associated with high levels of Distributed Energy Resource (DER) adoption. By 2040, the Policy models suggest that high DER uptake could increase electricity costs by 10%, or 2...

AI summary NS Power acknowledges concerns about the potential increase in electricity costs due to high DER adoption by 2040, which could rise by 10%. The current rate design creates a cross-subsidy between self-generating and non-self-generating customers, and revisions to rate structures may be necessary to address this and improve price signals for self-generation.

own homes and invest in solar PV systems would experience significantly less impact that those not in a financial position to do so. The possibility that public policy not only enables this, but is in fact subsidizing such investments, fac...

AI summary The text discusses the impact of public policy on energy affordability, highlighting that those who can invest in solar PV systems experience less financial burden. It also references Nova Scotia Power's emissions trajectory under the Net Zero 2050 plan and the Town of Wolfville's climate mitigation efforts as outlined in the Sustainable Development Goals Act (2019).

ways given the consideration that it warranted and that this has implications for the veracity of the findings and the ability to rely on the results of the IRP for future resource planning decisions. CanREA believes that this is particula...

AI summary CanREA argues that the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) overstates the cost of wind energy and the challenges of integrating additional wind power, despite wind being the lowest-cost renewable energy source. CanREA also highlights that the IRP's assumptions do not fully reflect the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for wind, which could lead to suboptimal resource planning decisions.

-document-library/20200226-rate-breakdown-pie-charts-2019-aar- rates.pdf?sfvrsn=bc85c314_0 2 LCOEs were provided in the “E3 supply options study but were not included in the NSPI Assumptions slides as this is not an input to the modeling t...

AI summary The document discusses the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) for wind power as presented in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) by Nova Scotia Power. It notes that the LCOE for wind appears to be overstated compared to other regional benchmarks. CanREA supports this assessment, citing feedback from the Consumer Advocate and other participants, including Natural Forces, which has experience with wind projects in the Maritimes.

nities in the Maritimes and secured a long-term PPA for a 42 MW wind project in New Brunswick and based on this experience poses valuable insights regarding the current cost of wind in the Maritimes. LCOE for Wind in Nova Scotia ($2019/MWh...

AI summary The document discusses the potential overstatement of wind energy costs in Nova Scotia's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), noting that lower wind prices could accelerate wind buildout. NS Power is proposed to conduct a market test to assess onshore wind, solar, and battery storage costs, with CanREA advocating for expeditious action and clearer methodology.

rgy storage systems. CanREA believes that securing more market-based pricing information for these other clean energy resources would be valuable given the pricing trends for solar and energy storage. Furthermore, to the degree that this m...

AI summary CanREA suggests that market-based pricing data for solar and energy storage could influence NS Power's resource mix, especially if costs are lower than assumed in the IRP. CanREA also commented on wind's ability to provide frequency response services, reducing the need for fossil fuel inertia, though NS Power made only a minor adjustment to its wind modeling.

es that could allow wind to reduce the inertial constraint that NS Power identified. NS Power made one modest change in how it modeled wind recognizing that wind can provide a regulation down service. A number of parties also critiqued the...

AI summary NS Power adjusted its wind modeling to account for regulation down service, while parties critiqued the PSC study's 700 MW wind constraint. CanREA suggests reducing imports over the NB intertie instead of wind generation and recommends stakeholder-inclusive system stability studies to increase confidence in findings.

and should increase stakeholder confidence in the findings from the study. CanREA encourages NSPI to begin work on these studies soon given the value that additional wind offers Nova Scotia customers. Finally, CanREA observes when conducti...

AI summary CanREA encourages NSPI to begin studies on additional wind energy, noting that more than 100 MW could be procured if operating strategies are considered. It also highlights that wind output can be constrained during low-load conditions to support system reliability and provide frequency response.

ned down after imports were reduced. When curtailed, these wind turbines would be available to provide primary frequency response, offsetting at least in part costs associated with such a curtailment. While there would be a cost to this, t...

AI summary The Canadian Renewable Energy Association (CANREA) supports the Draft Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Report and acknowledges the opportunity to collaborate with Nova Scotia Power on its initiatives. CANREA emphasizes the economic benefits of wind generation as a low-cost renewable resource, even when curtailed for frequency response.

important concerns, we have gained a better understanding of NS Power’s current thinking and we hope that an improved articulation of our concerns will convince NS Power to adopt our recommendations. Summary of RII Recommendations 1. Short...

AI summary The document outlines recommendations for NS Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), including an aggressive near-term RFP for up to 700 MW of wind by 2025, parallel transmission planning, and incorporating updated data into capital applications for hydroelectric redevelopment.

d. NS Power’s action plan should include a specific commitment to develop and propose transportation and building electrification pilot projects. (Page 10) e. NS Power should include in the Final IRP Report an order of magnitude estimate o...

AI summary The text outlines several requirements for NS Power, including the development of electrification pilot projects, updating the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) with cost estimates and benefits, and incorporating environmental considerations like CO2 shadow prices into future modeling. It also highlights the need for improved documentation and alignment with regulatory guidelines.

expansion costs from the sustaining capital estimates for Point Aconi. (Page 17) e. In future IRP modeling analyses, NS Power should incorporate a shadow price for CO2 emissions. (Page 17) f. NS Power should engage with stakeholders to bet...

AI summary The document provides feedback on Nova Scotia Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), suggesting improvements in modeling, stakeholder engagement, and the inclusion of CO2 shadow prices. It also highlights the need for better explanation of solar generation's role and correction of the rate impact model.

ne over time. (Page 19) c. NS Power should not rely upon the relative rate impact comparison analysis as the basis for recommending any level of DSM program investments. (Page 20) Short-Term Action Plan RII concurs with a substantial porti...

AI summary The text discusses the need for NS Power to revise its Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and develop a more definitive strategy for resource procurement, transmission investments, and wind integration. It also emphasizes the importance of updating the IRP model analysis and considering the economic analysis of the Mersey hydro facilities.

M costs based on methods developed in the DSM advisory group. RII also concurs with EfficiencyOne that the DSMAG is a logical venue for completing the determination of avoided costs for DSM planning. John D. Wilson and Paul Chernick • Reso...

AI summary The text discusses the need for an aggressive near-term resource procurement strategy, including a potential 700 MW wind procurement by 2025, conditioned on price and performance thresholds. It criticizes the current approach for being too limited and not fully leveraging potential cost savings opportunities.

hould be made throughout the report. Simply soliciting “Nova Scotia-based market pricing information” is insufficient; it is our understanding that NS Power considered such information in adopting its 2 Model cases 2.1C.WIND-1 and WIND-2 s...

AI summary The text discusses the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and the need for an all-source procurement strategy to meet load and unit retirement forecasts while reducing costs and maintaining reliability. It also highlights the importance of incorporating Nova Scotia-based market pricing information in wind procurement strategies.

IRP pricing assumptions. Since NS Power agrees that new installed capacity by 2025 is desirable, engaging in a solicitation with the stated intent (but not requirement) to procure up to 700 MW of wind by 2025, depending on pricing and othe...

AI summary The document discusses NS Power's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) pricing assumptions, including the procurement of wind, firm imports, and gas peakers. It highlights that the most economical mix of resources depends on actual bids and that battery storage's role is not primarily price-driven. Further modeling is recommended to confirm acquisition pricing and wind integration strategies.

in the near term, it should be included in the all-source procurement process because successful battery storage bids could influence the relative value of other bids, including the reliability link. Transmission and wind integration plann...

AI summary The text discusses the need for NS Power to integrate battery storage and transmission planning with wind integration studies and all-source RFPs. It highlights the importance of evaluating various wind integration strategies, including the Reliability Tie, fast frequency response, and battery storage, to optimize grid investments and reliability.

e technology, reliability curtailments, and pre-curtailment of wind resources for operating reserve purposes; 9 and • A combination of lower battery prices and synchronous condensers. 10 8 NS Power mischaracterized this comment by truncati...

AI summary The document discusses potential solutions for reliability curtailments and pre-curtailment of wind resources, including the use of battery storage and synchronous condensers. It also notes that NS Power mischaracterized a stakeholder comment and highlights the limited economic viability of synchronous condensers in the NS Power system.

These three strategies may be employed in combination. One approach could be to sequence their deployment, relying on operating practices during the early stages of expanded wind development that could result in relatively large curtailmen...

AI summary The text discusses strategies for managing wind energy integration, including sequencing deployment, curtailment, and infrastructure upgrades. It also highlights the need for coordination in planning, cost estimation, and modeling to address system inertia and reliability concerns. Telos Energy's comments and Plexos modeling are referenced in this analysis.

Nova Scotia Power IRP Final Report Appendix L Page 13 of 125 Comments on Draft IRP Report Page 8 of 21 pace…” 13 Exploration of options other than transmission connections may reveal that NS Power can retire steam plants sooner and acquire...

AI summary The text discusses the potential benefits of the Reliability Tie and the Regional Interconnection projects, including reduced reliance on steam plants, increased wind integration, and cost savings. It suggests exploring these options further and adjusting planning timelines and cost estimates to account for sensitivity and uncertainty.

this analysis was conducted using the base case assumptions for the cost of wind. As Mersey provides primarily energy benefits to the NS Power system, 17 the evaluation of any capital applications for Mersey system refurbishment must rely...

AI summary The analysis highlights the need for updated modeling and data in evaluating the Mersey system refurbishment, emphasizing the importance of considering wind and transmission costs. RII recommends delaying capital applications until more accurate data is available to avoid poor decisions.

e Board and stakeholders. While upward pressure on rates is an important consideration, we would also encourage the Board to consider that electrification may also have significant benefits to participants – such as cost savings for other...

AI summary The text discusses the potential benefits of electrification, including cost savings and reduced carbon pressure, and emphasizes the need to consider the province's overall perspective through a total resource cost test. It also highlights the importance of addressing transmission and distribution (T&D) costs related to electrification, which are significant and should be addressed in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP).

ELCC for run-of-river hydro units In two prior memos, we questioned the 95% ELCC for run-of-river hydro units. NS Power has clarified that its staff believes that other than Wreck Cove, “all other hydro assets on the NS Power system includ...

AI summary The document discusses concerns over the 95% ELCC (Effective Load-Carrying Capacity) assigned to run-of-river hydro units by NS Power, arguing that this may not account for operational limitations such as reduced capacity during dry years and limited hours of full-load operation. The analysis highlights discrepancies between the ELCC and actual capacity factors during peak and net peak hours, suggesting a lower ELCC may be more appropriate.

that NS Power estimates. Perhaps low reservoir levels reduce the capacity of the plants in some years, or limited water flow limits the number of hours for which the dispatchable units can operate in a day or year. 27 Stakeholder Comments...

AI summary The text discusses discrepancies between the claimed Effective Load-Carrying Capacity (ELCC) of small hydro units and their actual performance, suggesting possible explanations such as economic withholding or water resource limitations. It recommends that NS Power provide detailed modeling data for further analysis and clarification.

e, NS Power should follow up to determine how the water resource limits reduce the ELCC in normal and dry years in order to present the ELCC in a consistent manner for all intermittent resource types. On the other hand, if the modeling dat...

AI summary The text discusses the need for NS Power to address inconsistencies in modeling and historical data related to water resource limits and their impact on ELCC for hydro and wind resources. It suggests refining assumptions in models like RESOLVE and Plexos to ensure consistency and accuracy in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP).

n most active in the IRP process to better define what an “evergreen IRP process” might look like. The outcome of this stakeholder engagement should be taken to the Board for its comment or direction. Solar resource analysis In the worksho...

AI summary The document discusses the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) process, highlighting the need for a clearer explanation of limited solar generation in resource plans and the structure of the Action Plan and Roadmap. It also addresses recommendations for improving the Rate Impact Model to better reflect the effects of electrification on rates.

Fern Lane, fax. 902.405.3716 Halifax, NS, B3K 4L3 SUBMITTED COMMENTS REGARDING 2020 IRP DRAFT REPORT November 13, 2020 The Ecology Action Centre (EAC) welcomes the opportunity to participate as a stakeholder in the 2020 Integrated Resource...

AI summary The Ecology Action Centre (EAC) submits comments on the 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) draft report, emphasizing the need for rapid decarbonization and net-zero goals. EAC highlights that Nova Scotia Power Incorporated (NSPI) is the third most polluting energy utility in Canada, with over 60% of its energy mix relying on fossil fuels.

on, given the urgency of climate action. Moreover, since electricity sector-specific targets are not yet fully developed in the SDGA, it weakens the confidence that these scenarios are SDGA compliant. While retiring coal earlier would prov...

AI summary The text emphasizes the urgency of climate action and the need for the electricity sector to align with provincial climate goals. It highlights the importance of retiring coal and transitioning to clean energy, while noting the risks of relying on natural gas beyond 2050. Regional interconnection and enhanced transmission upgrades are seen as critical for a low-cost, rapid clean energy transition.

n transition. The plans fall short of “optimal” as the software was presented with limited regional integration opportunities. Incremental transmission builds must be examined fully in future studies. As highlighted in EAC’s previous comme...

AI summary The text emphasizes the need for comprehensive future studies on incremental transmission builds and highlights the importance of achieving high electrification levels without reliance on natural gas. It also stresses the need for future planning to be transparent, inclusive, and managed by an independent third party with a focus on affordability, reliability, and sustainability.

L3 process would stand to benefit from being managed by an independent third party, with environmental advocacy and the pillars of affordability, reliability and sustainability as core principles. The EAC believes that Nova Scotia still ha...

AI summary The Ecology Action Centre (EAC) supports phasing out coal-fired electricity by 2030 and emphasizes the need for a just transition that benefits vulnerable groups. They highlight the role of the Nova Scotia Utility and Review Board in regulating NSPI under current legislation and advocate for an independent third party to manage the process.

effects, as well as mixed effects on other metrics, when compared to Base DSM; Low DSM levels are shown to reduce relative rate impact, while Mid DSM levels are shown to reduce new capacity requirements and GHG emissions, both at a higher...

AI summary The text discusses the impact of different Demand-Side Management (DSM) levels on rate impact, capacity requirements, and GHG emissions within the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP). It highlights the economic benefits of the Base DSM profile and recommends incorporating sensitivity analyses into future DSM program development. The text also requests modeling the impact of carbon prices and avoided transmission and distribution (T&D) costs on NPVRR.

cast, adjusted to reflect the incremental load anticipated due to broad electrification of buildings and transportation as indicated in E3’s “High Electrification” Pathways scenario.  It is further understood that the impacts of these ele...

AI summary The text discusses the impact of electrification on load forecasts in Nova Scotia, referencing E3’s High Electrification Pathways scenario and the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP). It highlights the importance of electrification for economy-wide decarbonization and the need for demand-side management. The Low Electrification case is noted as the current trajectory, with no explicit costs or incentives for electrification activities in the IRP.

icipated in the process for more than a year now. We again wish to congratulate all those who have participated in this lengthy and through examination of options for Nova Scotia’s electricity system. As we have previously noted, this proc...

AI summary The text highlights the importance of the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) process in decarbonizing Nova Scotia's electricity system and achieving net-zero energy emissions by 2050. It calls for government leadership and public engagement, while noting that current IRP modeling assumptions are too conservative and suggesting an evergreen IRP process with stakeholder involvement.