N-1Evergreen IRP - Update to IRP Action Plan and Roadmap - 2023
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The 2020 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) process identified both [Action Plan and Roadmap](https://irp.nspower.ca/files/key-documents/final-irp-report/E3_NS-Power-2020-IRP-Report_Summary_Nov-27-2020.pdf) items intended to advance NS Power's...
AI summary NS Power updated its Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) in 2023 to align with Nova Scotia's 2030 environmental targets and ongoing policy changes. The evergreen IRP process included updated assumptions, modeling scenarios, and stakeholder engagement to support a long-term electricity strategy focused on decarbonization.
MODELING APPROACH Capacity expansion and production cost optimization modeling developed least-cost portfolios for each scenario. The scenarios are compliant with current legislation, including the 2030 environmental policy targets of coal...
AI summary The modeling approach outlines least-cost portfolios for scenarios compliant with 2030 environmental targets (coal phase-out, 80% renewable electricity) and net-zero timelines (2035, 2050). It evaluates resource strategies (with/without Atlantic Loop), electrification pace, and sensitivities, producing results like NPVRR, emissions, reserve margins, and generation profiles.
KEY FINDINGS Based on the common themes observed, the following are the key guiding principles to inform the Action Plan and Roadmap Items: - Variable renewable capacity additions are required to meet the 2030 targets. Up to 1500MW of addi...
AI summary Key findings emphasize the need for 1500MW additional wind, 200MW solar, and 100-900MW firm capacity by 2030. Battery storage (≥100MW) and the Reliability Tie are critical across scenarios. The Atlantic Loop reduces costs/emissions with government support. Synchronous condensers and SMRs (late 2030s) address system reliability and decarbonization. NS Power updated its 2020 IRP based on 2023 modeling.
CAPACITY ADDITIONS The optimized capacity additions highlight the transition of the power system to an increased penetration of variable renewable energy, backed by fast acting firm capacity resources (Battery and Combustion Turbine) as th...
AI summary The text discusses capacity additions in Nova Scotia's power system, emphasizing variable renewable energy integration with fast-acting firm resources (batteries, combustion turbines) and low-cost fuel conversions (coal-to-gas/oil). These measures ensure reliability during peak demand and resource unavailability, aligning with sensitivity scenarios and common industry observations.
Wind & Solar - There is a similar wind buildout for all scenarios between 2025 and 2030. For all scenarios modeled, a significant buildout of approximately 1500MW of new wind capacity (beyond the 600MW in service today) is added to the sys...
AI summary The analysis outlines a planned 1500MW wind and 200MW solar buildout by 2030 across scenarios. The bi-directional Atlantic Loop scenario explores renewable exports/importsWith Hydro Quebec, requiring additional wind capacity. Earlier wind expansion is observed in the No Atlantic Loop reference scenario compared to the With Atlantic Loop scenario.
Coal Phase Out - Coal generation is phased out by 2030. As new resources are added to the system, coal unit output reduces. Coal units are retained for firm capacity as late as the model allows with retirements and/or fuel switching occurr...
AI summary Nova Scotia plans to phase out coal by 2030, retaining coal units for firm capacity until retirements or fuel switching. Lingan units operate on heavy fuel oil (HFO) for reliability and low cost, functioning as capacity assets. Coal-to-gas (C2G) conversion at Point Tupper is economically viable in most scenarios.
Fast Acting Generation • All scenarios add new fast acting generation resources in the range of generally 300MW to 900MW by 2030. Installed capacity is influenced by the range in assumptions of firm peak load growth across scenarios. - Mos...
AI summary The text outlines the addition of 300-900MW of fast-acting generation by 2030, with No Atlantic Loop scenarios requiring 450MW more than With Atlantic Loop scenarios. These resources operate flexibly with low capacity factors to integrate variable renewables and meet peak demand.
Integration Assets - The reliability tie[1](#page-7-3) is required in all scenarios to support the integration of variable renewable generation (wind and solar) and to serve as the first leg of the Atlantic Loop (the latter in the with Atl...
AI summary The document discusses the necessity of the Reliability Tie transmission line for integrating variable renewable energy and supporting the Atlantic Loop. It outlines the addition of synchronous condensers by 2030 to support wind integration and references figures illustrating new resource capacity installations by 2030, 2035, and 2050.
GENERATION MIX The evergreen IRP modeling results demonstrate that annual generation profiles are increasingly decarbonized through the planning horizon in line with environmental policy changes in 2030 and 2035 (please refer toFigure 4)....
AI summary The document discusses the decarbonization of Nova Scotia's generation mix through 2030 and 2035, emphasizing wind energy's role, curtailment rates (10–45%), and emission reductions. Gas resources are used in peaking capacity, with lower emissions in all scenarios compared to 2005 levels.
ITEM 1: REGIONAL INTEGRATION STRATEGY Develop a Regional Integration Strategy to provide access to firm capacity and low-carbon energy while increasing the reliability of Nova Scotia's interconnection with North America. With virtually no...
AI summary Nova Scotia aims to develop a Regional Integration Strategy to secure firm capacity and low-carbon energy, enhance interconnection reliability with North America, and address the phase-out of coal generation. The strategy emphasizes access to renewable markets and system reliability independent of the Atlantic Loop for wind integration.
ITEM 2: ELECTRIFICATION Electrification is a key variable in this IRP as increased electric vehicle (EV) adoption and heating electrification play a significant role in increasing load requirements through the planning horizon. The evergre...
AI summary Electrification is a critical factor in Nova Scotia's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), driven by rising electric vehicle adoption and heating electrification. These trends are projected to increase load requirements by approximately 200MW by 2030, as reflected in the IRP's load forecast.
Item 2a: Electrification Strategy Publish Electrification Strategy report, developed as part of the IRP Action Plan, in 2023 with opportunity for stakeholder review and comment.
AI summary The Electrification Strategy report, developed as part of the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Action Plan, was published in 2023 with stakeholder review and comment opportunities.
Item 3a: Thermal Plant Retirement Proceed with Trenton 5 retirement plan based on the updated evergreen IRP projections (2027/2028). NS Power will manage operating restrictions of the thermal fleet to meetfirm capacity requirements are met...
AI summary Proceed with retiring Trenton 5 based on updated IRP projections (2027/2028). NS Power will manage thermal fleet operations to meet capacity needs while minimizing utilization to reduce capital investment. Develop coal retirement plans for remaining units, considering cold reserve modes to integrate new resources and reduce utilization over time.
Item 3c: Fast Acting Generating Capacity Initiate development of new fast-acting generating capacity resourcesto address growing demand, balance variable renewable generation, and maintain the reliability of the Nova Scotia system. Scope w...
AI summary The initiative aims to develop 300MW of fast-acting generating capacity by 2027 and an additional 300-600MW by 2030 to meet growing demand, balance variable renewable energy, and ensure system reliability. Fuel flexibility, including hydrogen, is emphasized, with existing combustion turbines sustained through the planning horizon.
Item 3d: Procurement Strategy for Variable Renewable Resources Develop a procurement plan for incremental variable renewable resources, targeting approximately 1000MW[5](#page-15-7) by 2030. Anticipated renewable procurements and programs,...
AI summary The document outlines a procurement plan targeting 1000MW of variable renewable resources by 2030, leveraging programs like Green Choice, Community Solar, and Renewable to Retail. It emphasizes regular procurements, engineering resources, and studies to reduce curtailment of renewable generation.
Item 3g: Synchronous Condensers Complete generator site-specific system impact studies for new variable renewable generation to assess the need for synchronous condenser support. Progress the development of 100 - 200MVA of synchronous cond...
AI summary The document outlines the need to conduct site-specific system impact studies for new variable renewable generation and to develop 100-200MVA of synchronous condensers by 2030 to ensure grid reliability and stability as renewable energy penetration increases.
Item 4b: Hybrid Peak Electrification Scenario Further assess the value of the hybrid peak building electrification scenario based on the outcomes of the evergreen IRP. This will include development of program cost estimates and validation...
AI summary The document outlines the assessment of a hybrid peak building electrification scenario using the evergreen IRP framework. It emphasizes developing cost estimates, validating savings potential, and leveraging insights from North American utilities that have implemented similar programs.
ITEM 1: WIND INTEGRATION STUDIES Publish the results ofthe ongoing wind integration studiesin 2023. Provide guidance on integration asset requirements as an outcome in alignment with the planned variable renewable capacity additions. Conti...
AI summary The proceeding requires publishing results of ongoing wind integration studies by 2023, aligning asset requirements with variable renewable capacity additions, and monitoring for divergence from the evergreen Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) model, with updates triggered as needed.
ITEM 3: MONITOR ALTERNATIVE FUEL SOURCES Continue to monitor the development of low/zero carbon fuels that could replace natural gas in powering generating units to provide firm, in-province capacity. Specifically, NS Power will monitor th...
AI summary The proceeding emphasizes monitoring low/zero carbon fuels to replace natural gas, with a focus on domestic hydrogen production in Nova Scotia. NS Power is tasked with tracking hydrogen's price and availability as the industry develops, aiming to secure firm in-province generating capacity.
ITEM 9: OFFSHORE WIND Support the provincial plan for Offshore Wind with planning analyses as appropriate; monitor technology, cost, and policy development.
AI summary The text supports the provincial plan for Offshore Wind, emphasizing the need for planning analyses and monitoring of technology, cost, and policy development related to offshore wind energy.
N-5Reply Submission - NSPI
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Reflections on the Evergreen IRP Analysis General Comments on the Update Process, Reasonability of Analysis and Key Findings Comments from Board Counsel's consultants and many participants were generally positive with respect to the qualit...
AI summary Board Counsel consultants Synapse and Bates White generally support the Evergreen IRP Update's analysis and key findings, though Synapse notes limitations. Both emphasize the need for ongoing monitoring of factors like hydrogen industry development impacting electricity demand and low-carbon fuel supply.
Hydrogen Analysis & Tariff Development The CA and the SBA referenced the need for the assessment of future hydrogen development (load, generation) in Nova Scotia (SBA) and the need for tariff development to support hydrogen production in t...
AI summary The document outlines the need for assessing future hydrogen development and creating tariffs to support hydrogen production in Nova Scotia. The Evergreen IRP evaluated hydrogen plant impacts and included a roadmap item on tariff development. However, specific hydrogen projects and tariff structures are managed separately by NS Power and stakeholders, with ties to the IRP through Roadmap Items 3, 8, and 11.
Diversity Benefit of Wind, Solar and Batteries Feedback received from Synapse, E1 and NRR requested additional study work to evaluate the additional effective load carrying capacity (ELCC) diversity benefit of having combinations of batter...
AI summary Feedback from Synapse, E1, and NRR requested further study to evaluate the diversity benefit of combining battery, wind, solar, and demand response resources in terms of effective load carrying capacity (ELCC). This highlights the need to assess how these resource combinations enhance system reliability and capacity.
simultaneously. As part of the 2019 Planning Reserve Margin and Capacity Value Study (Capacity Study), which informed the 2020 IRP, Energy and Environmental Economics (E3) calculated the diversity benefit of having both battery and renewab...
AI summary The 2019 Capacity Study, informing the 2020 IRP, quantified diversity benefits of combining battery storage with wind/solar, crediting 4.8 MW in 2030 for wind + storage. Solar + storage benefits were excluded from PLEXOS modeling due to the 2019 study's focus on wind + storage, with minimal solar inclusion in early IRP stages.
Specific Recommendations: Future Analysis & Action Plan Items All Source RFP Process Bates White and Grid Strategies on behalf of the Consumer Advocate recommend all source RFP processes to acquire generation and infrastructure assets deem...
AI summary The Consumer Advocate recommends all-source RFP processes to meet decarbonization targets, while NS Power anticipates multiple procurements, some managed by the Province. NSUARB approval is required for capital investments, with stakeholder engagement. The Electrification Study will be published in 2023, and wind integration studies will address curtailment reduction and system reliability.
The Path Forward The Evergreen IRP Update was undertaken due to the continued pace of change in the planning environment, including significant shifts in environmental policy. In particular, since the 2020 IRP process, Nova Scotia has esta...
AI summary The Evergreen IRP Update addresses evolving environmental policies, including Nova Scotia's 2030 renewable electricity targets and coal phase-out. NS Power emphasizes alignment with the 2020 IRP's conclusions, balancing ongoing IRP Roadmap items with investments per the 2030 Resource Development Plan. The Terms of Reference clarify that operationalizing IRP strategies falls outside the planning exercise's scope.
Manager, Capital Filings Feedback Item # Stakeholder/ Feedback Document Reference Page Theme/Feedback NSPI Response 2 Bates White Pg. 6 Solar Capacity Addi�ons NSPI should expedi�ously further assess solar NS Power an�cipatesthe procuremen...
AI summary The document discusses feedback from Bates White regarding the need for NSPI to expedite further assessment of solar capacity additions. NSPI responds that solar resource procurement will continue to be included in future renewable procurement processes as part of a multi-resource approach.
that correctly iden�fying the need for capacity is paramount for all subsequent IRP runs. The study should also ask whether energy to meet those peak demands should be stored in a batery, a tank, a lake or in a regionally linked, diversifi...
AI summary The text discusses the need for accurate identification of capacity in Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) runs and the importance of considering various energy storage options. It also highlights the potential for customer behavior changes due to decarbonization policies and increasing carbon prices. The Consumer Advocate supports exploring joint dispatch with New Brunswick and other provinces, including Newfoundland, for better coordination.
The ini�al analysis – failing to provide a clear ELCC for the three technologies together – was iden�fied to NSP the moment the ini�al report was presented, but, three years later, remains unaddressed. This error will make it difficult for...
AI summary The initial analysis failed to provide a clear ELCC for three technologies and remains unaddressed three years later, complicating the UARB's approval of new capacity construction. The ELCC diversity benefit of wind + storage was included in the Evergreen IRP model, but the diversity benefit of solar and storage was not included in the PLEXOS model due to limitations in earlier studies.
e renewable resource added in both the ini�al insights and dra� modeling results phases of the Evergreen IRP, with litle grid-connected solar seen in any resource plans at those stages of the process. NS Power notes that in the Final Model...
AI summary The document discusses the inclusion of renewable resources in the Evergreen Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), noting that grid-connected solar was not prominently featured in initial stages but became more significant in the Final Modeling Results. The inclusion of federal Investment Tax Credits is highlighted as a key driver for increased solar and storage deployment, with potential concerns about over-crediting diversity benefits.
batery energy storage, PHP is concerned with further study that could poten�ally delay firm inprovince resources which will be required to maintain the reliability of the system, especially with the addi�on of significantly greater amounts...
AI summary The document discusses concerns about delaying the development of firm in-province resources due to potential further studies, particularly in the context of integrating non-dispatchable renewables. It emphasizes the need for expeditious action to maintain system reliability, referencing the Evergreen IRP Update's requirement for 300 MW of new fast-acting generation by 2027. The document also addresses the planning reserve margin, noting the shift from a 20% ICAP to a 9% UCAP planning reserve margin after stakeholder feedback and the 2019 Planning Reserve Margin and Capacity Value Study.
While batery storage does assist with the curtailment issues, wind integra�on and capacity, and addi�onal batery storage is called for in the No Loop scenarios, NSPI lays out in some detail in its responses to stakeholder comments (see pag...
AI summary The text discusses the limitations of battery storage in replacing fast-acting generation and the need for synchronous condensers to support wind integration by 2030, as outlined by NSPI and PHP in their responses to stakeholder comments.
will be released to stakeholders for their review and NS Power will request feedback on the findings. will be evaluated by further study work (Updated Ac�on Plan page 7), including generator site– specific system impact studies for new var...
AI summary The document discusses the need for further study on the impact of adding more variable renewable generation, particularly the potential need for synchronous condensers, and the implications of the Federal Clean Electricity Regulations on natural gas peaking capacity in Nova Scotia. PHP emphasizes the importance of a system-wide approach to assess these issues.
N-7Wind Integration Study
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Executive Summary Nova Scotia is on a path to build a cleaner, greener future for the province, phasing out coal and working towards 80% renewable energy by 2030. Inverter-based generation will displace conventional synchronous machine-bas...
AI summary Nova Scotia aims for 80% renewable energy by 2030, transitioning from coal and conventional generation to inverter-based systems. This shift requires addressing technical challenges through system studies, including EMT analyses. Initial findings were released due to delays in plant models, with an updated report pending. Mitigation measures are emphasized to ensure grid reliability.
Primary Finding NSPI can incorporate renewables, in particular inverter-based resources (IBRs) such as wind, limited only by the load to be served and the best economic dispatch to meet environmental requirements. There will be technical c...
AI summary NSPI can integrate renewable energy, particularly inverter-based resources like wind, constrained by load demands and economic dispatch. Technical challenges and grid support are necessary as legacy thermal plants phase out. The conclusion is that this integration is achievable with current and evolving technologies.
Recommendations Stable and Reliable Integration of Renewables - Verify network response for high Rate of Frequency (RoCoF) system disturbances through EMT simulations. Based on study to date, there are significant concerns for the ability...
AI summary The recommendations focus on ensuring stable integration of renewables by addressing RoCoF risks, upgrading grid interconnection standards, and conducting detailed studies. Concerns include existing RoCoF limits potentially causing cascade tripping, the need for IEEE 1547-2018 alignment, and MHI's proposals for grid study updates. NSPI is urged to review system guidelines and perform incremental studies for each generation/load wave.
Good Planning Practices to Integrate Renewables in Nova Scotia • Perform an annual assessment of NSPI System Inertia and Strength in the 10-year horizon to identify potential issues. See Section [2.2.](#page-18-0) Include FOR and planned m...
AI summary The document outlines planning practices for integrating renewables in Nova Scotia, emphasizing annual system inertia assessments, model requirements for grid connections, system studies for western Nova Scotia's load and hydro generation, and maintaining SCMVA levels to ensure grid reliability.
This document outlines the general planning criteria and recommendations to specifically address large scale integration of Inverter Based Resources (IBRs) such as wind generation and grid scale battery projects. Results and observations f...
AI summary The document outlines planning criteria and recommendations for integrating large-scale Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs), including wind generation and grid-scale battery projects, based on results from first-stage assessments and studies.
1.1 Background Most power systems in North America, Europe, Australia, and the Middle East have seen increased penetration of renewable energy-based generation of from 10% to 30% over the past decade. In 2021, close to 30% of NSPI electric...
AI summary The document discusses the increasing penetration of renewable energy, particularly inverter-based generation, and its technical challenges on power systems. NSPI aims for 80% renewable electricity by 2030, but this may reduce system inertia, short circuit levels, and cause instability issues like fault recovery and torsional oscillations, requiring mitigation measures.
1.1.1 Frequency Control In an electrical system, generation and load must be balanced at all times to maintain system stability. Load is the demand for electricity at any instance in time. Generation is the electrical energy to supply the...
AI summary The text explains the importance of balancing generation and load to maintain system frequency (60Hz) in Nova Scotia. Traditional synchronous generators provide Synchronous Inertial Response (SIR) to stabilize frequency during disturbances, while Inverter-Based Resources (IBR) like wind and solar lack inherent inertia but can be programmed for fast frequency response. Effective RoCoF management is critical to prevent equipment trips and maintain stability.
ngth generally leads to increased network voltage volatility under normal and disturbed operating conditions. Potential concerns under low System Strength of a power system are summarized below [2,3]: - A weak system may take longer to sta...
AI summary Weak system strength in power systems can cause instability, voltage volatility, and degraded performance of inverter-based resources (IBR) like wind and BESS. Issues include delayed stabilization, poor ride-through responses, control interactions, torsional oscillations, and harmonic distortions. IBR requires a strong grid to maintain stable voltage and frequency at the point of interconnection.
1.2 Scope The following scope will be investigated to ensure a stable NSPI system as it transitions to large scale integration of renewables:
AI summary The scope of the proceeding focuses on ensuring the stability of Nova Scotia Power Inc.'s (NSPI) system as it transitions to large-scale renewable energy integration, emphasizing system reliability and grid management challenges associated with renewable energy adoption.
2.1 Frequency Control As noted in Section 1.1.1, SIR is an immediate response provided by conventional synchronous machines. It is not a synthesized response through control actions but rather the natural response of a synchronous machine....
AI summary The text discusses the importance of synchronous inertial response (SIR) for system stability and the risks posed by converter-based IBR generators lacking SIR. It highlights NSPI's concerns about future grid reliability with high renewable penetration, emphasizing the need for inertia and FFR to manage RoCoF and maintain frequency stability.
of the IBR plants and ultimately, the stability of the overall system. High SCR is an indication of the presence of synchronous machines in the local area and/or a strong, meshed transmission system. SCR, including Effective SCR and Weight...
AI summary The document discusses system strength and the importance of SCR (Short Circuit Ratio) in assessing grid stability, particularly with the integration of inverter-based resources (IBR). MHI recommends conducting comprehensive grid studies and annual assessments to ensure the system can accommodate increasing renewable energy penetration and maintain stability.
2.3 Iterative Assessment The initial assessment and metrics used for these studies follow the traditional load flow and dynamics methodologies with the intent to then take critical cases into PSCADTM for EMT analysis. Upon examination of t...
AI summary The text discusses an iterative assessment process for grid stability, focusing on the challenges of maintaining system inertia and frequency response with the integration of inverter-based resources (IBR). It highlights the need to decouple frequency control requirements from system strength requirements and outlines a multi-step approach to ensure system reliability.
Table 1: Minimum Inertia for Frequency Control, First Iteration Case Dispatch Thermal Units or Equivalent Dispatch Notes 1 Light Load 4 TUP, TR6, TUC2 & ML, Biomass / existing wind 2 Light Load 3 TUP, TR6 & TUC2/ existing wind 3 Light Load...
AI summary The table presents different cases for minimum inertia requirements in frequency control under various load conditions, including light load and winter peak scenarios, with varying combinations of thermal units, renewable energy sources, and energy storage systems.
- The light load cases were run with 6 variations. In light load, NSPI has sufficient wind and imports to serve load with 100% renewable energy. Hydro resources are offline. Variations of FFR and inertia were simulated with the goal of tak...
AI summary The text discusses simulations of light load and winter peak scenarios in Nova Scotia's power system, analyzing the use of wind, hydro, and battery energy storage systems (BESS) for stability and inertia. It also examines the impact of losing the New Brunswick tieline with high Nova Scotia imports.
o meet the load, while reducing the thermal units, new wind and BESS was added to the simulation cases. Load Flow and Dynamic assessment was performed for the loss of NB tieline with high NS imports. Case 5, with a low amount of inertia on...
AI summary The document discusses grid simulations analyzing the impact of reducing thermal units and adding renewable resources like wind and BESS. It highlights voltage issues under winter peak load conditions and the potential of FFR from IBRs to reduce reliance on synchronous resources for frequency control in the 2030 grid.
from IBRs as a potential source to reduce synchronous resources required to be online. IBR technology is evolving rapidly and both WEC and BESS may be able to support frequency in the 2030 timeframe. Notwithstanding the voltage issues and...
AI summary The document discusses the potential of Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) such as Wind Energy Conversion (WEC) and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) to reduce the need for synchronous resources in the 2030 timeframe. It also highlights the minimum inertia and Fast Frequency Response (FFR) requirements identified through iterative studies for maintaining stable frequency response during light load and winter peak load scenarios.
Table 2: Minimum Inertia and FFR Required for Frequency Control Case Dispatch Total Inertia (MW s) Dispatch Notes 51 Light Load 1044 TUC5, TUC6 & ML 50 MW FFR, Biomass on / existing wind 52 Light Load 1102 TUC2, TUC6 & ML on no FFR, Biomas...
AI summary The table outlines minimum inertia and FFR requirements for frequency control under various load conditions, with winter peak load showing the highest inertia requirement due to the integration of maximum renewable energy sources.
3.2 RoCoF Historically, there have been RoCoF requirements for generation facilities and some protection devices to ensure they function as expected during frequency swings. The requirements are as needed to stay online for a grid with goo...
AI summary The document discusses the Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF) requirements for the Nova Scotia Power Inc. (NSPI) grid, analyzing how changes in grid inertia due to the phasing out of synchronous generation and the increase of renewable generation affect RoCoF. Simulations show varying RoCoF values under different load and generation scenarios, with a 500ms sample time used for calculations.
ned with what could be experienced with 2023 dispatch conditions and operating guidelines. That said, it is recommended that further study on an appropriate RoCoF metric for Nova Scotia be undertaken. The GHD survey [12] found that of the...
AI summary The document discusses the need for further study on an appropriate RoCoF metric for Nova Scotia, referencing existing studies and guidelines. It highlights the importance of understanding RoCoF ride-through capabilities of legacy and DER generation sources and the implications of different RoCoF thresholds on transmission system design and grid stability.
Table 4: First Iteration for 2030 RoCoF Case Load Total Inertia (MW s) ML FFR RoCoF 51 Light Load 1044 50MW 2.65 52 Light Load 1102 0MW 3.41 53 Light Load 1603 offline 2.32 101 Peak Load 2404 50MW 3.02 102 Peak Load 2404 0MW 3.27 103 Peak...
AI summary The text discusses the analysis of RoCoF (Rate of Change of Frequency) under various load conditions and the impact of BESS (Battery Energy Storage System) FFR (Fast Frequency Response) support. Tables show the initial and revised inertia levels and RoCoF values, with BESS significantly reducing RoCoF. The study indicates that integrating BESS with FFR capabilities can reduce the inertia required for maintaining RoCoF below 2.5 Hz/s.
4.4 System Support Requirements System Strength requirements will be driven by the need to support existing facilities as the grid transitions to high renewables as well as to strengthen the grid to support the addition of significant quan...
AI summary System strength requirements are necessary to support existing grid facilities during the transition to high renewable energy integration and to strengthen the grid for the addition of significant Inverter-Based Resources (IBR) to meet Nova Scotia Power Inc. (NSPI), provincial, and federal targets.
5.1 EMT Analysis Methodology NSPI, in collaboration with MHI, is in the process of developing the full NSPI network (including portions of neighbouring areas) in PSCADTM. The EMT model includes transmission details including 69 kV level an...
AI summary NSPI, in collaboration with MHI, is developing a detailed EMT model of the NSPI network in PSCADTM to analyze system behavior under various conditions. The model includes transmission and distribution levels and is used to study the impact of faults and IBR performance. Results are illustrative and do not reflect actual NSPI system responses.
5.3 Detailed PSCADTM Simulation Detailed PSCADTM simulations are used to identify stability and fault ride though concerns and further assess potential RoCoF concerns. EMT simulations have become critical when integrating PE inverter-based...
AI summary Detailed PSCADTM simulations are used to assess stability, fault ride-through, and RoCoF concerns when integrating inverter-based resources (IBR) into AC networks. Traditional RMS simulations may miss critical design considerations, and EMT simulations are essential for identifying system challenges. Increasing short circuit levels and using synchronous support are recommended solutions, though new transmission may not be economically viable. Future NSPI grid analysis will explore IBR controls for system inertia and strength.
5.4.2 Control Interactions Control Interactions (CI) is a specific issue that can impact the coordinated operation of Power Electronic devices in a local area. Control systems of dynamic devices can interact in an undesirable manner result...
AI summary Control Interactions (CI) can lead to unstable oscillations in power systems, especially with fast-acting reactive power controllers and dynamic devices like wind and solar. The Maritime Link HVDC is designed to avoid adverse interactions with thermal plants. Mitigation requires detailed studies and vendor collaboration.
5.4.3 Sub Synchronous Control Interaction When an IBR is connected to a network, the voltage and phase at the IBR terminals are each sensitive not only to the inverter output but also to the output from other nearby IBR projects or FACTS d...
AI summary The document discusses Sub-Synchronous Control Interaction (SSCI) when Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) are connected to a network, particularly near series compensated lines. It highlights the potential for negative damping effects from IBRs, such as Type 3 wind units, and notes that Nova Scotia Power Inc. (NSPI) is considering series compensated lines in some studies, requiring SSCI analysis.
6 Potential Mitigation Options Technology to support the integration of renewable energy sources is evolving quickly, in particular for IBR sites with PE controls. The following are mitigations under consideration to resolve issues identif...
AI summary The document outlines potential mitigation options for integrating renewable energy sources, particularly focusing on technologies related to inverter-based resources (IBR) with power electronic (PE) controls. Some technologies are well-established, while others are emerging and their effectiveness is yet to be determined.
6.1 IBR Control System Design Fault ride-through, control interactions, RoCoF control, and low frequency oscillations are the primary concerns. The most cost-effective solution, where possible, may be the re-tuning of control settings or a...
AI summary The design of IBR control systems focuses on addressing fault ride-through, control interactions, RoCoF control, and low frequency oscillations. Re-tuning control settings or adopting alternate control strategies, such as active or reactive power control, is highlighted as a cost-effective solution. IBR's fast response can replace inertia from traditional plants.
6.1.1 Mechanical Inertia from WECs Recent development in WEC turbines allow for the short-term extraction of mechanical inertia in wind turbine generators. IBR control design can support the fast delivery of this mechanical inertia to the...
AI summary Recent advancements in wind energy conversion (WEC) turbines allow for the short-term extraction of mechanical inertia, which can be delivered to the grid through IBR control design. New WECs are required to provide frequency support to the NSPI grid, potentially including mechanical inertia from the turbine.
6.1.2 Grid Following and Grid Forming Inverters Typically, IBRs have been grid following – taking a reference signal from the grid and matching output to synchronize with the grid angle and voltage. System voltage and frequency is maintain...
AI summary The document discusses the transition from grid-following to grid-forming inverters in Nova Scotia's power system. As synchronous generators are retired and IBR penetration increases, system strength may decline, leading to synchronization issues. Grid-forming inverters, which can emulate synchronous machines and control voltage and frequency, are being explored as a solution to maintain grid stability in a high-renewables environment.
6.2 BESS BESS can support the management of the energy supply in a renewable energy dominated NSPI system. Additionally, with appropriate specifications, the fast-acting nature of BESS inverters can also be used to mitigate stability relat...
AI summary Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) are highlighted for their ability to manage energy supply in a renewable energy-dominated Nova Scotia Power Inc. (NSPI) system and mitigate stability concerns through fast-acting inverters. They are considered a strong near-term candidate for providing grid-forming and virtual synchronous machine response.
6.5 Fast Acting Synchronous Generation As the penetration of IBR increases, many of the larger synchronous thermal units will be phased out or operating infrequently. To plan for peak load periods when sufficient wind and imports are not a...
AI summary As the use of inverter-based resources (IBR) increases, traditional synchronous thermal units may be phased out. To address potential energy shortfalls during peak load periods, fast acting synchronous generators will be deployed. These generators can also function as synchronous condensers to support the local grid when not generating power, increasing their overall value.
6.6.1 Second Tie with NB The addition of a second 345kV transmission line to New Brunswick would improve System Strength available from New Brunswick in the Onslow area and reduce the impact of the most critical contingency of the present...
AI summary Adding a second 345kV transmission line to New Brunswick would improve system strength in the Onslow area and reduce RoCoF during high imports. However, this may reduce system strength if synchronous units are offline, potentially affecting WEC facilities at lower voltage levels.
6.6.2 Transmission Reinforcement in Western Nova Scotia Traditionally a weak area of the NS grid, the western area of the province may need additional transmission build to support growing load. In the ongoing PSS®E studies, there are volt...
AI summary The western area of Nova Scotia's grid is traditionally weak and may require additional transmission infrastructure to support growing load. PSS®E studies indicate voltage and SCMVA violations for 2030 load and generation dispatch, which could be resolved with new transmission connections, enabling more wind projects in the region.
6.7 Operating Guidelines It is important to consider credible operating conditions when identifying potential issues and corresponding additional investments to strengthen the system. As an example, curtailing a portion of wind output duri...
AI summary The text discusses the importance of considering credible operating conditions when identifying system issues and potential investments. It suggests that curtailing wind output during outlier conditions may be more cost-effective than building a more robust system. It also notes that curtailed wind farms can be used for AGC control and provide FFR to the grid.
7.1 Findings NSPI can incorporate renewables, in particular IBR resources, limited only by the load to be served and the best economic dispatch to meet target metrics for renewables. There will be technical challenges and the grid will nee...
AI summary NSPI can integrate renewable energy sources, particularly inverter-based resources, up to the limits of load demand and economic dispatch. However, technical challenges and grid support requirements will increase as legacy plants are phased out or converted to alternate fuels, though the transition is deemed achievable with current and emerging technologies.
7.1.1 IBR for Frequency and System Strength Support A decade ago, IBRs were not considered to provide good frequency and System Strength support. However, this is changing due to the introduction of new frequency and voltage control strate...
AI summary The text discusses how Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) can now provide frequency and system strength support through new control strategies. IBRs must operate below maximum power to allow for output adjustments, and BESS can also contribute. However, IBR contributions to short-circuit MVA should be carefully considered for system strength assessments.
7.1.2 Minimum System Inertia and FFR The PSC study [23] performed for NSPI in 2019 documented the following: - A minimum of 3266 MW.sec of synchronous inertia will be required for steady state operation. - o Synchronous condensers generall...
AI summary The document discusses the minimum system inertia and Fast Frequency Response (FFR) requirements for Nova Scotia Power Inc. (NSPI), noting that a minimum of 3266 MW.sec of synchronous inertia is required for stable operation. It highlights various sources of inertia and FFR, including thermal units, hydro plants, biomass facilities, and the Maritime Link. The approach to maintaining inertia is based on RoCoF limits and current operating guidelines.
7.1.3 EMT Model Quality IBR control systems and operating modes are evolving rapidly and have the potential to strengthen the grid and support a 100% renewable energy dispatch in Nova Scotia. Detailed analysis of options may provide more t...
AI summary The document emphasizes the importance of high-quality EMT models for IBR control systems to support grid reliability and renewable energy integration in Nova Scotia. Current vendor models lack robustness in large simulations and may not align with actual equipment, hindering effective analysis and solution development.
7.2.1 Stable and Reliable Integration Recommendations to facilitate the integration of renewables on the timelines in place for Nova Scotia: - Based on study to date, there are significant concerns for the ability of the existing and futur...
AI summary The document outlines recommendations to ensure stable and reliable integration of renewable energy sources into Nova Scotia's grid. Key concerns include managing high RoCoF events, updating interconnection requirements, and addressing grid support needs as synchronous plants retire. Studies and system upgrades are recommended to mitigate risks of cascading tripping and maintain grid reliability.
7.2.2 Resource Planning for High IBR Penetration Recommendations to facilitate current and future economic generation dispatch for increased renewables on the timelines in place for Nova Scotia: - Update IBR and inertia constraints for Ple...
AI summary The document discusses resource planning for high Inverter-Based Resources (IBR) penetration in Nova Scotia, emphasizing the need to update models, incorporate frequency response, and maintain system strength through inertia or Frequency Response (FFR) as key metrics for stable grid operation.
7.2.3 Good Planning Practice Recommendations to implement good planning practices to the integration of renewables in Nova Scotia: - MHI recommends performing an annual assessment of NSPI System Inertia and Strength requirements in the 10-...
AI summary The text outlines recommendations for good planning practices in integrating renewables into Nova Scotia's grid, including annual assessments of system inertia, updated model requirements for load and generation, system studies for load growth and hydro availability, and maintaining SCMVA levels.
8 References - [1] "Fast Frequency Response Concepts and Bulk Power System Reliability Needs", NERC Inverter-Based Resource Performance Task Force, March 2020 - [2] "Experiences with Wind Power Plants with Low SCR", Lessons learned from th...
AI summary The document provides a list of references related to power system reliability, renewable energy integration, and grid management, including studies on inverter-based resources, system strength, and high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems.
N-8Electrification Strategy Report
38 passages
The Economics of Electrification in Nova Scotia Evaluating the benefits and costs of building and transportation electrification in Nova Scotia and the implications for utility planning and program design Developed for Nova Scotia Power Oc...
AI summary This document evaluates the economic implications of building and transportation electrification in Nova Scotia, focusing on utility planning and program design. It was developed for Nova Scotia Power in October 2023, analyzing benefits, costs, and systemic impacts of transitioning to electric systems.
Nova Scotia has established a formal goal to transition to net zero carbon emissions by midcentury 1 , in alignment with Canada's federal target and targets set by other climate-leading nations. Achieving this goal requires rapid transform...
AI summary Nova Scotia aims to achieve net zero carbon emissions by midcentury. Electrification of transportation and building end-uses is a key strategy, requiring careful planning to manage costs, grid reliability, and infrastructure needs. Nova Scotia Power is working with E3 to assess beneficial electrification measures and their impacts on consumers, ratepayers, and the province.
Study Context To align with Nova Scotia's Environmental Goals and Climate Change Reduction Act, which sets greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction targets of 53% below 2005 emissions by 2030 and net-zero by 2050, Nova Scotia Power is proa...
AI summary Nova Scotia Power is aligning with the province's Environmental Goals and Climate Change Reduction Act to reduce GHG emissions by 53% by 2030 and achieve net-zero by 2050. E3 conducted a deep decarbonization pathways analysis in 2019, and Nova Scotia Power's 2020 Integrated Resource Plan included electrification scenarios. The IRP identified electrification as a key action requiring further strategy development.
benefits and costs of an additional electric vehicle or heat pump on Nova Scotia's Grid? This serves as a complement to IRP PLEXOS analysis of the total impacts of electrification loads on the grid. weighted averages of marginal emissions...
AI summary The analysis examines the grid impacts of scaling electric vehicles and heat pumps, noting that marginal emissions and costs depend on energy prices, carbon policies, and efficiency measures. System-level load and peak load impacts are emphasized, with scenarios excluding energy efficiency effects. The study focuses on building heat pumps and EVs, excluding other sectors.
Key Analysis Findings The analysis generated several findings related to electrification in Nova Scotia.
AI summary The analysis highlights findings related to electrification in Nova Scotia, focusing on its implications for energy systems, greenhouse gas emissions, and economic factors, with references to benefit-cost analysis and other regulatory considerations.
Key Finding 1: Building and transportation electrification reduces emissions in Nova Scotia. In all transportation and building electrification scenarios evaluated, incremental CO 2 emissions from electricity generation to meet vehicle cha...
AI summary Electrification of transportation and buildings reduces emissions in Nova Scotia. EVs cut emissions by ~20 tons over their lifetime compared to ICE vehicles. Grid greening enhances benefits over time. Emissions savings increase as coal phase-outs and renewable investments improve grid cleanliness.
Key Finding 2. Most transportation electrification investments produce benefits that exceed costs from the perspective of drivers, utility ratepayers and Nova Scotia. While electric vehicles have higher up-front costs today, drivers benefi...
AI summary Transportation electrification investments, including EVs and transit buses, yield net benefits for drivers, ratepayers, and Nova Scotia due to lower long-term costs, avoided emissions, and federal rebates. Time-of-use rates and battery cost declines further enhance economic viability, though supply chain uncertainties persist.
Recommendations for Nova Scotia Power Electrification has the potential to provide significant benefits to Nova Scotians by reducing total energy expenditures and lowering the province's overall emissions footprint. However, realizing the...
AI summary Electrification can reduce energy costs and emissions in Nova Scotia, but requires collaboration among stakeholders. Nova Scotia Power is urged to partner with E1 to prioritize investments aligned with reliability, affordability, and equity goals, leveraging E3's analysis and jurisdictional insights.
ded electric supply and emissions. Although not directly evaluated in this study, new construction is expected to have better economics than retrofits and should be prioritized in programs and policy. - High performance heat pumps : While...
AI summary The text discusses the importance of prioritizing new construction over retrofits for better economics and the benefits of high-performance heat pumps and heat pump water heaters in reducing emissions and energy bills. It also recommends supporting infrastructure development for electric vehicle charging to improve geographic coverage.
Long-Term Strategy and Planning Recommendation 5. Fully incorporate electrification strategy findings, including peak impacts and mitigation strategies, into utility planning models. - Model impacts on resource needs and costs : Reliably s...
AI summary The recommendation emphasizes the need for Nova Scotia Power to fully integrate electrification strategy findings into its planning models, considering impacts on resource needs, reliability, and affordability. It highlights the importance of evaluating peak mitigation strategies, reliability benefits from managed loads, and affordability implications of electrification.
Identify underserved communities and prioritize investments to ensure equitable access: Without intentional program design, electrification at scale is expected to pose challenges that disproportionately impact lower-income and disadvantag...
AI summary The text discusses the importance of identifying underserved communities to ensure equitable access to electrification benefits. It highlights challenges faced by lower-income and disadvantaged communities, such as limited access to charging infrastructure and the need for infrastructure upgrades in areas served by radial transmission lines. It emphasizes the need for Nova Scotia Power and E1 to collaborate with governments to address these issues and prioritize investments that promote equity.
1.1 Motivation Economy-wide decarbonization modeling in Nova Scotia and in jurisdictions across North America demonstrates that electrification of transportation and most buildings is a "safe bet" strategy for achieving Net Zero. Electrifi...
AI summary The document highlights the importance of electrification in achieving Net Zero goals in Nova Scotia, emphasizing its cost-effectiveness and the availability of current technologies. It outlines the need for Nova Scotia Power and stakeholders to understand the economic and system-level impacts of electrification to support decarbonization efforts.
1.2 Objectives The objective of this report is to answer the following questions to inform Nova Scotia Power, provincial policymakers, and other stakeholders on the development of electrification programs that help the province meet its de...
AI summary This report aims to inform Nova Scotia Power and provincial policymakers on the development of electrification programs to meet decarbonization goals. It addresses jurisdictional roles of electrification, economic impacts of technologies like electric vehicles and heat pumps, and utility planning recommendations for managing electrification's effects on the electric sector.
1.3 Report Contents The study is organized as follows: - Section 2 of this report provides an overview of electrification initiatives across North America. - Section 3 assesses the impacts of electrification on Nova Scotia Power's system i...
AI summary This section outlines the structure of the report, detailing the assessment of electrification initiatives, their impacts on Nova Scotia Power's system, and the benefits and costs of electrification for the utility and province.
2.2.3 Example Utility Actions Most utilities within Net Zero jurisdictions are proactively planning for transportation electrification. The utilities with the most advanced planning for transportation electrification have aligned strategic...
AI summary Utilities in Net Zero jurisdictions are planning for transportation electrification, aligning strategic goals with transportation policies and implementing managed charging pilot programs. Examples include BC Hydro, Hydro-Québec, and Southern California Edison. Transportation electrification rate designs, such as time-of-use (TOU) rates, are being adopted, though they do not fully capture real-time electricity supply costs.
2.3.2 Costs The upfront cost of installing a ducted heat pump is higher than fossil fuel heating systems in most jurisdictions, but the incremental cost can vary significantly based on heat pump type and market maturity in the region[. Fig...
AI summary The upfront cost of ducted heat pumps is higher than fossil fuel heating systems, though incremental costs vary by region and technology. In cold climates, heat pumps may offer long-term savings when paired with efficiency measures, incentives, or favorable rate designs. Electrification at scale is generally more cost-effective than relying on decarbonized gas, which is limited in supply and commercialization.
2.3.3 Example Utility Actions In many jurisdictions with Net Zero targets, utilities have adopted programs, incentives, and customer education programs to support building electrification. It is increasingly common practice for utilities a...
AI summary Utilities in jurisdictions with Net Zero targets are implementing programs to support building electrification, including heat pump rebates, all-electric construction, retrofits, and smart thermostats. Some use ratepayer funds, while others leverage provincial budgets, local taxes, and carbon fees. Examples include Sacramento Municipal Utility District and utilities like BC Hydro and Hydro-Quebec.
3.2.2 Key Modeling Inputs To develop the transportation load shapes, key inputs into the E3 EV Load Shape Tool include: - Annual Vehicle Miles Travelled (VMT): the miles or kilometers an average LDV, transit bus, and parcel truck per year...
AI summary The document outlines key modeling inputs for transportation load shapes, including annual vehicle miles travelled, EV efficiency, charger availability, and charging rates. It references Nova Scotia Power's TOU rates for residential, workplace, and public charging scenarios.
A summary of the scenario assumptions are shown in Figure 3-4 below. Figure 3-5. System-level light-duty EV load shape scenarios Unmanaged Charging Scenario Blended (Unmanaged and Managed with VGI) Scenario Managed with TOU Managed with VG...
AI summary The text discusses EV load shape scenarios, including unmanaged charging, blended scenarios with managed and unmanaged charging, and managed charging with TOU and VGI aggregation. These scenarios analyze access, time of use, responsiveness, and load management strategies.
4.1 Overview of Benefit-Cost Analysis Modeling E3's Benefit-Cost Analysis (BCA) approach assesses the marginal benefits and costs of heat pump adoption for representative heat pump technologies and building segments. The analysis presents...
AI summary E3's Benefit-Cost Analysis (BCA) evaluates the marginal benefits and costs of heat pump and EV adoption in Nova Scotia, using data from Nova Scotia Power and the International Council on Clean Transportation. Results are sensitive to assumptions about capital costs, fuel prices, and electricity supply costs, with more details provided in Appendix 7.2.
4.2.1 Cost and Benefit Categories in Transportation BCA The model considers significant and measurable categories of benefits and costs. A brief description of each estimated cost/benefit component included in the transportation BCA is pro...
AI summary The text outlines the cost and benefit categories considered in a transportation benefit-cost analysis (BCA), including incremental EV costs, incentives, O&M savings, fuel savings, electricity supply and infrastructure costs, electricity bills, and avoided emissions. It references the California Public Utility Commission's standard practice manuals for cost-effectiveness analysis.
Cost/Benefit Component PCT SCT RIM Incremental upfront EV cost Cost Cost Federal EV purchase incentives Benefit Benefit Provincial EV purchase incentives Benefit EV O&M savings Benefit Benefit Vehicle fuel savings Benefit Benefit Electrici...
AI summary The table outlines various cost and benefit components associated with electric vehicles (EVs) under the Participant Cost Test (PCT), Societal Cost Test (SCT), and Ratepayer Impact Measure (RIM). It includes factors such as incremental upfront EV costs, federal and provincial EV purchase incentives, operational savings, fuel savings, electricity costs, charging infrastructure, and avoided emissions.
A summary of transit bus cost-benefit analysis ratios are shown in [Table 4-5.](#page-65-1) Table 4-5. Cost-benefit analysis results for transit busses 2022 2030 Charging Scenario PCT RIM SCT PCT RIM SCT Unmanaged 0.7 1.7 0.9 0.8 1.5 1.2 M...
AI summary A cost-benefit analysis of transit bus charging scenarios shows net costs in 2022 but net benefits by 2030 due to lower vehicle costs and higher diesel prices. Charging scenarios include unmanaged and managed with TOU and VGI, with managed scenarios showing slightly better ratios.
4.3.3 Parcel Truck BCA Results This study models parcel trucks as a representative medium-duty vehicle (MDV), which is classified as a vehicle weighing between 4.5 tonnes and 15 tonnes. 58 The net present value (NPV) of lifetime costs and...
AI summary This section discusses the benefits of adopting electric parcel trucks in Nova Scotia, focusing on cost savings and net benefits for owners, ratepayers, and the province. It highlights the impact of unmanaged and managed charging on costs and benefits, referencing TOU rates and VGI. The analysis shows that electric parcel trucks can lead to lower costs and reduced utility rates.
A summary of parcel truck cost-benefit ratios are shown in [Table 4-7.](#page-68-1) Table 4-7. Summary of cost-benefit analysis results for parcel trucks Charging Scenario 2022 2030 PCT RIM SCT PCT RIM SCT Unmanaged 1.4 1.8 2.0 3.0 1.6 4.5...
AI summary The text presents cost-benefit ratios and emissions savings for parcel truck electrification under different charging scenarios (Unmanaged and Managed with TOU and VGI) for the years 2022 and 2030, highlighting the benefits of managed charging strategies.
4.4 Building Benefit-Cost Analysis Results [Table 4-9](#page-69-0) summarizes the results of the building electrification BCA for a select configuration of representative buildings adopting heat pumps for space heating. In general, the cus...
AI summary The benefit-cost analysis of building electrification in Nova Scotia shows that heat pumps are cost-effective for single-family homes, especially with current fuel prices. However, best-in-class heat pumps require additional incentives due to higher upfront costs. The analysis is sensitive to fuel oil prices, electricity rates, and capital costs, with assumptions based on Nova Scotia Power's experience and the Evergreen IRP Scenario 3.1C.
4.5 Limitations of the Results The cost-benefit analysis presents the economics of representative heat pumps and EVs adopted for the marginal unit adopted using the best available assumptions available today regarding capital costs, fossil...
AI summary The cost-benefit analysis of electrification in Nova Scotia has limitations, including variability in building and vehicle costs, sensitivity to future fossil fuel and electricity prices, and the focus on marginal units rather than scale impacts. The analysis uses assumptions from Nova Scotia Power and may not fully capture long-term changes in costs.
5.1 Key Analysis Findings The analysis generated several findings related to electrification in Nova Scotia.
AI summary The analysis generated several findings related to electrification in Nova Scotia, focusing on key areas such as energy efficiency, renewable energy integration, and the impact of electrification on the grid and customers.
Key Finding 2. Most transportation electrification investments produce benefits that exceed costs from the perspective of drivers, utility ratepayers and Nova Scotia. While electric vehicles have higher up-front costs today, drivers benefi...
AI summary Most transportation electrification investments, such as electric vehicles and transit buses, produce benefits that exceed costs for drivers, utility ratepayers, and Nova Scotia. Benefits include lower maintenance costs, avoided gasoline purchases, and reduced emissions. Battery cost declines are expected to improve the economics of electric vehicles over time.
5.2 Recommendations for Nova Scotia Power Electrification has the potential to provide significant benefits to Nova Scotians by reducing total energy expenditures and lowering the province's overall emissions footprint. However, realizing...
AI summary Electrification can benefit Nova Scotians by reducing energy costs and emissions, but requires collaboration. Nova Scotia Power is positioned to lead initiatives supporting electrification, particularly in reliability and equity. Recommendations are based on analysis and E3's experience.
Recommendation 3. Support development of infrastructure "backbone" for electric vehicle charging to improve geographic coverage and fill gaps where third parties may have less incentive to invest. - Create infrastructure backbone: A robust...
AI summary The text recommends developing a robust electric vehicle charging network in Nova Scotia to address range anxiety and support EV adoption. Nova Scotia Power is encouraged to build a backbone of public chargers and invest in make-ready infrastructure in high-traffic locations to facilitate third-party investments.
Long-Term Strategy and Planning Recommendation 5. Fully incorporate electrification strategy findings, including peak impacts and mitigation strategies, into utility planning models. - Model impacts on resource needs and costs : Reliably s...
AI summary The recommendation emphasizes the need to fully incorporate electrification strategy findings into utility planning models, focusing on resource needs, reliability impacts, and affordability. It highlights the importance of modeling peak load impacts, evaluating reliability benefits of managed loads, and assessing the equity and affordability implications of electrification.
ort an equitable transition through programs directly aimed at lower income or disadvantaged communities. Identify underserved communities and prioritize investments to ensure equitable access: Without intentional program design, electrifi...
AI summary The text emphasizes the need for equitable electrification by identifying underserved communities and prioritizing investments to ensure access for lower-income and disadvantaged groups. It highlights challenges such as lack of self-funding capacity and limited infrastructure, and suggests targeted initiatives like setting specific EV charging targets in disadvantaged areas.
9.1.5 Marginal Electricity Supply Costs for EV Charging and Buildings Electricity supply costs represent the costs that utilities must pay to provide the electricity used for EV charging. There are four components that make up electricity...
AI summary The text discusses the four components of electricity supply costs—energy, capacity, distribution, and transmission—specifically for EV charging and buildings. It outlines how energy costs are based on hourly short-run marginal costs, while capacity, distribution, and transmission costs are derived from Nova Scotia Power and allocated using the PCAF method, which targets the highest net load hours for cost allocation.
9.1.6 Charging Infrastructure Costs Current and future charging infrastructure cost assumptions were sourced from ICCT and are summarized i[n Table 9-1](#page-112-0). The analysis assumes that the charging infrastructure cost from the driv...
AI summary The document outlines assumptions about current and future charging infrastructure costs, sourced from ICCT. It specifies that costs from the driver's perspective include home chargers, while the province's perspective includes workplace, public, and DCFC chargers. E3 assumes specific vehicle-to-charger ratios and assigns infrastructure costs based on vehicle types and charger types.
E3 calculated avoided emissions for the adoption of both electric vehicles and heat pumps as the avoided emission from the reduction in fossil fuel combustion net of the marginal increase in electric sector emissions. Hourly electric secto...
AI summary The document discusses the calculation of avoided emissions from the adoption of electric vehicles and heat pumps, using hourly electric sector marginal emissions rates provided by Nova Scotia Power through 2050 based on IRP modeling. Table 9-2 summarizes emissions rates for avoided transportation fuels.
Tonnes/Liter Gasoline Diesel CO2 2.30 x 10-3 2.91 x 10-3 NOx 8.40 x 10-7 1.35 x 10-6 PM10 1.64 x 10-7 2.42 x 10-7 SO2 6.74 x 10-9 1.20 x 10-8 [Table 9-3](#page-113-2) summarizes the emissions rates for avoided fuels used for space heating....
AI summary The text presents emissions rates for various fuels used in space heating, including gasoline, diesel, fuel oil, natural gas, and wood, highlighting their respective CO2, NOx, and PM10 emissions. These data are summarized in Table 9-3 and are relevant to building energy use and environmental impact.
Appendix: E3 BCA Tool Inputs and Assumptions The Economics of Electrification in Nova Scotia: The Economics of Electrification in Nova Scotia Table 9-5 Heat pump equipment cost learning curves End use Time period Moderate (Real %/year) Rap...
AI summary This document provides an overview of heat pump equipment cost learning curves and fuel price forecasts for the period 2020-2050, as part of the Economics of Electrification in Nova Scotia. It outlines projected cost reductions for space heating and water heating applications under different time periods and learning rates.